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Coordinates: 47°31′N 23°28′E / 47.517°N 23.467°E / 47.517; 23.467
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type = town
⚫
|name=Șomcuta Mare
|county = Maramureș
|settlement_type=[[Oraş|Town]]
⚫
|name = Șomcuta Mare
|total_type= 
|image_flag =
|image_shield=ROU MM Somcuta Mare CoA2.jpg
|image_map=Somcuta Mare jud Maramures.png
|image_shield = ROU MM Somcuta Mare CoA2.jpg
|image_skyline = Biserica de lemn din Buteasa (3).JPG
|latd=47|latm=31|lats=|latNS=N
|image_caption = Wooden church in Buteasa village
|longd=23|longm=28|longs=|longEW=E
|image_location =
|pushpin_map=Romania
|image_map = Somcuta Mare jud Maramures.png
|coordinates_region=RO
|map_caption = Location in Maramureș County
|subdivision_type=Country
|leader_name = Gheorghe-Ioan Buda<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=14 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|subdivision_name={{flag|Romania}}
|leader_party = PSD
|subdivision_type1=[[Counties of Romania|County]]
|leader_term = 2020&ndash;2024
|subdivision_name1=[[Maramureş County]]
|coordinates = {{coord|47|31|N|23|28|E|region:RO|display=it}}
⚫
|population_total=7708
|elevation = 220
⚫
|population_as_of=2002
|elevation_min =
|population_footnotes=<ref>[http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=1683 Romanian census data, 2002]; retrieved on March 1, 2010</ref>
|elevation_max =
|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]|utc_offset=+2
|area_total = 120.40
|timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]|utc_offset_DST=+3
⚫
|population_as_of =
⚫
|population_total = auto
|population_footnotes =
|postal_code = 437335
|area_code = (+40) 02 62
|website = {{URL|https://www.somcutamare.ro}}
}}
}}


'''Șomcuta Mare''' ({{lang-hu|Nagysomkút}}; {{lang-de|Großhorn}}) is a town in [[Maramureş County]], [[Romania]]. The town administers seven villages: Buciumi (''Törökfalu''), Buteasa (''Bucsonfalva''), Ciolt (''Csolt''), Codru Butesii (''Kodrulytelep''), Finteușu Mare (''Nagyfentős''), Hovrila (''Hávord'') and Vălenii Șomcutei (''Somkútpataka''). It was declared a town in 2004.
'''Șomcuta Mare''' ({{lang-hu|Nagysomkút}}; {{lang-de|Großhorn}}) is a town in [[Maramureș County]], [[Romania]]. The town administers seven villages: Buciumi (''Törökfalu''), Buteasa (''Bucsonfalva''), Ciolt (''Csolt''), Codru Butesii (''Kodrulytelep''), Finteușu Mare (''Nagyfentős''), Hovrila (''Hávord''), and Vălenii Șomcutei (''Somkútpataka''). It was declared a town in 2004.
⚫
{{Historical populations
⚫
|source = Census data
⚫
|2002 |7708
⚫
|2011 |7455
⚫
}}


==History==
==History==
[[File:Josephinische Landaufnahme pg012.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Șomcuta Mare on the Josephine Map of Transylvania]]
[[File:Josephinische Landaufnahme pg012.jpg|thumb|left|Șomcuta Mare on the Josephine Map of Transylvania]]
[[File:Biserica de lemn din Buteasa (3).JPG|250px|thumb|right|Wooden church in Buteasa village]]
⚫
The exact founding date of Șomcuta Mare is unknown; however, it is first mentioned in 1319 as part of "Cetatea de piatră" (Stone Fortress) realm. In the 14th century, the locality, along with the "Chioar Domain" enters the possession of Romanian voivods (rulers) of Maramures. As of 1566, the "Chioar Domain" is divided in 12 voivodeships, of which those lead by voivod Dan Butean are administrated from Șomcuta Mare, covering 14 villages. In the year of 1599 Șomcuta Mare along with the remaining "Chioar Domain" is transferred to the rule of Mihai Viteazul.


⚫
The exact founding date of Șomcuta Mare is unknown; however, it is first mentioned in 1319 as part of ''Cetatea de piatră'' (Stone Fortress) realm. In the 14th century, the locality, along with the Chioar Domain enters the possession of Romanian [[voivode]]s (rulers) of the [[Voivodeship of Maramureș]]. As of 1566, the Chioar Domain is divided in 12 voivodeships, of which those led by voivode Dan Butean are administered from Șomcuta Mare, covering 14 villages. In the year of 1599 Șomcuta Mare along with the remaining Chioar Domain is transferred to the rule of Mihai Viteazul.
⚫
In 1713 "Cetatea de piatră" is destroyed. Later, in 1738, the "Chioar Domain" is transformed into a "Tinut" (Land of), leading to an increased administrative importance of Șomcuta Mare. With the help of Gheorghe Șincai a school is founded in the year of 1784; a primary school is opened between 1835-1838 and girl school between 1867-1889.


⚫
In 1713 ''Cetatea de piatră'' is destroyed. Later, in 1738, the Chioar Domain is transformed into a ''[[County|Ținut]]'' (Land of), leading to an increased administrative importance of Șomcuta Mare. With the help of [[Gheorghe Șincai]] a school is founded in the year of 1784; a primary school is opened between 1835&ndash;1838 and a girl school between 1867&ndash;1889.
⚫
At the end of the 19th century the locality becomes an important trading point, with well established markets. The area had 3 operating banks: "Casa de Economii a Districtului Chioar" (Savings House of Chioar District), "Casa de Economii Chioreana" (Chiorean House of Savings) and "Banca de Comerț" (Commerce Bank); as well as a train station, post office, telegraph, library and fireman house.


⚫
At the end of the 19th century the locality becomes an important trading point, with well established markets. The area had 3 operating banks: ''Casa de Economii a Districtului Chioar'' (Savings House of Chioar District), ''Casa de Economii Chioreană'' (Chiorean House of Savings), and ''Banca de Comerț'' (Commerce Bank); as well as a train station, post office, telegraph, library, and fireman house.
During the inter-war oil presses, mills, and 3 leather processing factories operate in the area as well as an agriculture school is opened. Between 1922 and 1929 a gymnasium is opened. In the years of 1930-1931 the newspaper "Chioar" is published.


After World War II, the locality reached a higher urbanisation level. Its status was changed from commune to town in 2004.
During the inter-war oil presses, mills, and 3 leather processing factories operate in the area as well as an agriculture school is opened. Between 1922 and 1929 a gymnasium was opened. In 1930&ndash;1931 the newspaper "Chioar" was published. After World War II, the locality reached a higher urbanisation level. Its status was changed from commune to town in 2004.


==Geography==
==Geography==
Șomcuta Mare belongs to the [[Baia Mare metropolitan area]]. It is located in the southwestern part of Maramureș County, {{cvt|25|km}} from the county seat, [[Baia Mare]]. The town is crossed by [[Roads in Romania|national road]] {{ill|DN1C|ro}} (part of [[European route E58]]), which runs from [[Cluj-Napoca]] north towards Baia Mare and the border crossing at [[Halmeu]], where it connects with the [[State highways (Ukraine)|Ukrainian highway]] [[Highway M26 (Ukraine)|M26]].
The city of Șomcuta Mare covers an area of 12,040 ha, of which:


The town lies on the banks of the [[Lăpuș (river)|Lăpuș River]] and its right tributary, the [[Bârsău (river)|Bârsău]]; the river [[Berchezoaia]] flows into the Bârsău near Finteușu Mare village. Șomcuta Mare covers an area of {{cvt|12040|ha}}, of which 7,949 ha are agricultural land (arable land 2,799 ha, pastures 1,855 ha, hay fields 2,585 ha, vineyards 5 ha, orchards 705 ha) and 4,091 ha non-agricultural land (forests 3,177 ha, water 107 ha, roads 201 ha, buildings 517 ha, vacant land 89 ha).
Agricultural land: 7,949 ha
* arable land: 2,799 ha
* pastures: 1,855 ha
* hay fields: 2.585 ha
* vineyards: 5 ha
* orchards: 705 ha

Non-agricultural land: 4.091 ha
* forests: 3.177 ha
* water: 107 ha
* roads: 201 ha
* buildings: 517 ha
* vacant land: 89 ha


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
⚫
{{Historical populations
Following the 2002 population census, the cities population is of 7,708 people; of which: 6,810 Romanians, 167 Hungarians, 3 Germans, 3 Italians, 1 Ukrainian, 1 Jew and 1 Serbian. Compared against the 1992 population census, the population declined from 8,079.
⚫
|source = Census data
|1992 |8079
⚫
|2002 |7708
⚫
|2011 |7455
|2021 |7703
⚫
}}
At the [[2021 Romania census|2021 census]], Șomcuta Mare had 7,703 inhabitants, of which 76.72% were [[Romanians]], 14.53% [[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarians]] and 1.09% [[Romani people in Romania|Roma]].<ref name="RPL2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls|title=Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]]|language=ro|date=31 May 2023}}</ref> At the [[2011 Romania census|2011 census]], the town's population was 8,079. At the 2002 census, the town's population was 7,708, of which: 6,810 Romanians, 167 Hungarians, 3 Germans, 3 Italians, 1 Ukrainian, 1 Jew, and 1 Serbian; compared against the 1992 census, the population declined from 8,079.

==Culture==
In the village of Finteușu Mare, a male choir was established on [[Great Union Day|1 December 1918]], when the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians declared the [[Union of Transylvania with Romania]], which included most of the [[Maramureș]] region. As of 2015, the choir was still interpreting the Romanian patriotic song "[[Dac-am plecat, Ardealule, din tine]]", composed as a reaction to the 1940 [[Second Vienna Award]], where arbiters [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Fascist Italy]] assigned [[Northern Transylvania]], including Maramureș, back to [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stiri.botosani.ro/stiri/actualitate/emotionant-corul-barbatesc-din-finteusul-mare-ardealul.html|title=Emoționant! Corul bărbătesc din Finteușul Mare: Ardealul|newspaper=Știri Botoșani|date=17 December 2015|language=ro}}</ref>

==Natives==
*[[Zoltán Felvinczi Takács]] (1880–1964), art historian
*[[Ben Ferencz]] (1920–2023), chief prosecutor at one of the Nuremberg Trials

==Education==
In the town there are currently 3 kindergartens, 4 elementary schools, 3 [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasiums]], and one secondary school: the Ioan Buteanu Theoretical High School.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somcutamare.ro/|title=Șomcuta Mare|publisher=Șomcuta Mare townhall|website=www.somcutamare.ro|access-date=April 8, 2023}}</ref>

==Sports==
[[CS Progresul Șomcuta Mare]] is a [[Football (soccer)|football team]] based in the town. The team currently competes in the [[Liga IV Maramureș|Liga IV – Maramureș County]], the fourth tier of the [[Romanian football league system|Romanian football]], following the relegation at end of the [[2021–22 Liga III|2021–22 season]].


==Tourism==
==Tourism==
* Natural Reserve "Peștera Vălenii Șomcutei" (Cave of Vălenii Șomcutei) (5 ha).
* The Nature Reserve ''Peștera Vălenii Șomcutei'' (Vălenii Șomcutei Cave) covers {{cvt|5|ha}}.


==References==
==References==
Line 67: Line 74:
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Gallery
⚫
{{Maramureş County}}
|File:RO MM Valenii Somcutei church exterior 3.jpg|Wooden church in Vălenii Șomcutei
|File:Nagysomkút.JPG|[[Wayside crosses in Romania|Wayside cross]] in Șomcuta Mare
}}


⚫
{{Maramureș County}}
{{coord|47|31|N|23|28|E|display=title|region:RO_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Somcuta Mare}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Somcuta Mare}}
[[Category:Populated places in Maramureș County]]
[[Category:Populated places in Maramureș County]]
[[Category:Towns in Romania]]
[[Category:Towns in Romania]]
[[Category:Szatmár County]]

Revision as of 02:23, 2 May 2024

Șomcuta Mare
Town
Wooden church in Buteasa village
Wooden church in Buteasa village
Coat of arms of Șomcuta Mare
Coat of arms
Location in Maramureș County
Location in Maramureș County
Șomcuta Mare is located in Romania
Șomcuta Mare
Șomcuta Mare
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 47°31′N 23°28′E / 47.517°N 23.467°E / 47.517; 23.467
CountryRomania
CountyMaramureș
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2024) Gheorghe-Ioan Buda[1] (PSD)
Area
120.40 km2 (46.49 sq mi)
Elevation
220 m (720 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-01)[2]
7,703
 • Density64/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code
437335
Area code(+40) 02 62
Vehicle reg.MM
Websitewww.somcutamare.ro

Șomcuta Mare (Template:Lang-hu; German: Großhorn) is a town in Maramureș County, Romania. The town administers seven villages: Buciumi (Törökfalu), Buteasa (Bucsonfalva), Ciolt (Csolt), Codru Butesii (Kodrulytelep), Finteușu Mare (Nagyfentős), Hovrila (Hávord), and Vălenii Șomcutei (Somkútpataka). It was declared a town in 2004.

History

Șomcuta Mare on the Josephine Map of Transylvania

The exact founding date of Șomcuta Mare is unknown; however, it is first mentioned in 1319 as part of Cetatea de piatră (Stone Fortress) realm. In the 14th century, the locality, along with the Chioar Domain enters the possession of Romanian voivodes (rulers) of the Voivodeship of Maramureș. As of 1566, the Chioar Domain is divided in 12 voivodeships, of which those led by voivode Dan Butean are administered from Șomcuta Mare, covering 14 villages. In the year of 1599 Șomcuta Mare along with the remaining Chioar Domain is transferred to the rule of Mihai Viteazul.

In 1713 Cetatea de piatră is destroyed. Later, in 1738, the Chioar Domain is transformed into a Ținut (Land of), leading to an increased administrative importance of Șomcuta Mare. With the help of Gheorghe Șincai a school is founded in the year of 1784; a primary school is opened between 1835–1838 and a girl school between 1867–1889.

At the end of the 19th century the locality becomes an important trading point, with well established markets. The area had 3 operating banks: Casa de Economii a Districtului Chioar (Savings House of Chioar District), Casa de Economii Chioreană (Chiorean House of Savings), and Banca de Comerț (Commerce Bank); as well as a train station, post office, telegraph, library, and fireman house.

During the inter-war oil presses, mills, and 3 leather processing factories operate in the area as well as an agriculture school is opened. Between 1922 and 1929 a gymnasium was opened. In 1930–1931 the newspaper "Chioar" was published. After World War II, the locality reached a higher urbanisation level. Its status was changed from commune to town in 2004.

Geography

Șomcuta Mare belongs to the Baia Mare metropolitan area. It is located in the southwestern part of Maramureș County, 25 km (16 mi) from the county seat, Baia Mare. The town is crossed by national road DN1C [ro] (part of European route E58), which runs from Cluj-Napoca north towards Baia Mare and the border crossing at Halmeu, where it connects with the Ukrainian highway M26.

The town lies on the banks of the Lăpuș River and its right tributary, the Bârsău; the river Berchezoaia flows into the Bârsău near Finteușu Mare village. Șomcuta Mare covers an area of 12,040 ha (29,800 acres), of which 7,949 ha are agricultural land (arable land 2,799 ha, pastures 1,855 ha, hay fields 2,585 ha, vineyards 5 ha, orchards 705 ha) and 4,091 ha non-agricultural land (forests 3,177 ha, water 107 ha, roads 201 ha, buildings 517 ha, vacant land 89 ha).

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1992 8,079—    
2002 7,708−4.6%
2011 7,455−3.3%
2021 7,703+3.3%
Source: Census data

At the 2021 census, Șomcuta Mare had 7,703 inhabitants, of which 76.72% were Romanians, 14.53% Hungarians and 1.09% Roma.[3] At the 2011 census, the town's population was 8,079. At the 2002 census, the town's population was 7,708, of which: 6,810 Romanians, 167 Hungarians, 3 Germans, 3 Italians, 1 Ukrainian, 1 Jew, and 1 Serbian; compared against the 1992 census, the population declined from 8,079.

Culture

In the village of Finteușu Mare, a male choir was established on 1 December 1918, when the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians declared the Union of Transylvania with Romania, which included most of the Maramureș region. As of 2015, the choir was still interpreting the Romanian patriotic song "Dac-am plecat, Ardealule, din tine", composed as a reaction to the 1940 Second Vienna Award, where arbiters Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy assigned Northern Transylvania, including Maramureș, back to Hungary.[4]

Natives

Education

In the town there are currently 3 kindergartens, 4 elementary schools, 3 gymnasiums, and one secondary school: the Ioan Buteanu Theoretical High School.[5]

Sports

CS Progresul Șomcuta Mare is a football team based in the town. The team currently competes in the Liga IV – Maramureș County, the fourth tier of the Romanian football, following the relegation at end of the 2021–22 season.

Tourism

  • The Nature Reserve Peștera Vălenii Șomcutei (Vălenii Șomcutei Cave) covers 5 ha (12 acres).

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Șomcuta Mare.
  1. ^ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  3. ^ "Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (in Romanian). INSSE. 31 May 2023.
  4. ^ "Emoționant! Corul bărbătesc din Finteușul Mare: Ardealul". Știri Botoșani (in Romanian). 17 December 2015.
  5. ^ "Șomcuta Mare". www.somcutamare.ro. Șomcuta Mare townhall. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  • Wooden church in Vălenii Șomcutei
    Wooden church in Vălenii Șomcutei
  • Wayside cross in Șomcuta Mare
    Wayside cross in Șomcuta Mare
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