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{{Short description|American lawyer}}
{{Short description|American judge (born 1973)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
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| name = Anthony Johnstone
| name = Anthony Johnstone
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| image = File:Anthony Johnstone.jpg
| image = File:Anthony Johnstone.png
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
<!--
| office = Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]]
| office = Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]]
| status = Designate
| term_start = May 5, 2023
| term_start = TBD
| term_end =
| term_end =
| appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden|Joe Biden]]
| appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden|Joe Biden]]
| succeeding = [[Sidney R. Thomas]]
| predecessor = [[Sidney R. Thomas]]
| predecessor = [[Sidney R. Thomas]]
| successor =
| successor =
-->
| office1 = Solicitor General of [[Montana]]
| office1 = Solicitor General of [[Montana]]
| termstart1 = 2008
| termstart1 = 2008
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| death_cause =
| death_cause =
| party =
| party =
| spouse = {{marriage|Helene Autumn Devos|2004}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Autumn Helene Devos|2004}}
| residence =
| residence =
| education = [[Yale University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Chicago Law School|University of Chicago]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| education = [[Yale University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Chicago Law School|University of Chicago]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
}}
}}


'''Anthony Devos Johnstone''' (né '''Anthony Cameron Johnstone''';{{efn|Prior to his marriage in 2004.<ref name=Questionnaire/><ref name=mar/>}} born 1973)<ref name="Questionnaire">{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Johnstone%20SJQ%20Public%20Final.pdf|title=Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|access-date=October 9, 2022}}</ref> is an American lawyer who is the nominee to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States circuit judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]].
'''Anthony Devos Johnstone''' (né '''Anthony Cameron Johnstone''';{{efn|Prior to his marriage in 2004.<ref name=Questionnaire/><ref name=mar/>}} born 1973)<ref name="Questionnaire">{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Johnstone%20SJQ%20Public%20Final.pdf|title=Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|access-date=October 9, 2022}}</ref> is an American lawyer who serves as a [[United States federal judge|United States circuit judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]].


== Early life ==
== Early life and education ==
Johnstone earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Yale University]] in 1995 and a [[Juris Doctor]] from the [[University of Chicago Law School]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Johnstone, Helen & David Mason Professor of Law & Affiliated Professor of Public Administration |url=https://www.umt.edu/people/johnstone |access-date=September 2, 2022 |website=www.umt.edu |language=en}}</ref> He married Helen Autumn Devos in 2004.<ref name=mar>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114888089/the-independent-record/|title=For The Record|date=July 28, 2004|location=The Independent-Record (Helena, Montana)}}</ref>
Johnstone earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Yale University]] in 1995. He was a [[paralegal]] at the law firm [[Arnold & Porter]] from 1995 to 1996. He then attended the [[University of Chicago Law School]], graduating in 1999 with a [[Juris Doctor]] with honors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Johnstone, Helen & David Mason Professor of Law & Affiliated Professor of Public Administration |url=https://www.umt.edu/people/johnstone |access-date=September 2, 2022 |website=www.umt.edu |language=en}}</ref> He married Autumn Helene Devos in 2004.<ref name=mar>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114888089/the-independent-record/|title=For The Record|date=July 28, 2004|location=The Independent-Record (Helena, Montana)}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==
In 1999 and 2000, Johstone served as a law clerk for Judge [[Sidney R. Thomas]]. From 2000 to 2003, he was a litigation associate at [[Cravath, Swaine & Moore]] in [[New York City]]. From 2004 to 2008, he served as an assistant attorney general in the [[Montana Department of Justice]]. From 2008 to 2011, he served as [[Solicitor General]] of Montana. Since 2011, he has worked as a professor at the [[Alexander Blewett III School of Law]]. He is also a solo practitioner at Johnstone PLLC in [[Missoula, Montana]].<ref name="Nom">{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2022 |title=President Biden Names Twenty-Sixth Round of Judicial Nominees |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/09/02/president-biden-names-twenty-sixth-round-of-judicial-nominees/ |access-date=September 2, 2022 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Johnstone |url=https://montanaioe.org/affiliates/anthony-johnstone |access-date=September 2, 2022 |website=Montana IOE |language=en}}</ref>
In 1999 and 2000, Johnstone served as a law clerk for Judge [[Sidney R. Thomas]] of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. From 2000 to 2003, he was a litigation associate at [[Cravath, Swaine & Moore]] in [[New York City]]. From 2004 to 2008, he served as an assistant attorney general in the [[Montana Department of Justice]]. From 2008 to 2011, he served as [[Solicitor General]] of Montana. From 2011 to 2023, he worked as a professor at the [[Alexander Blewett III School of Law]]. He was a solo practitioner at Johnstone PLLC in [[Missoula, Montana]].<ref name="Nom">{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2022 |title=President Biden Names Twenty-Sixth Round of Judicial Nominees |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/09/02/president-biden-names-twenty-sixth-round-of-judicial-nominees/ |access-date=September 2, 2022 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Johnstone |url=https://montanaioe.org/affiliates/anthony-johnstone |access-date=September 2, 2022 |website=Montana IOE |language=en}}</ref> Johnstone has been a member of the [[Federalist Society]] and the [[American Constitution Society]].<ref name=Questionnaire/><ref>{{Cite news|date=May 1, 2023|last=Crawley|first=John|title=Biden Pick from Conservative Montana Confirmed to Ninth Circuit|url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/biden-pick-from-conservative-montana-confirmed-to-ninth-circuit|website=news.bloomberglaw.com|access-date=May 15, 2023|language=en}}</ref>


⚫
In 2008, Johnstone represented the state of Montana in a case against Canyon Ferry Road Baptist Church. The church, located in [[East Helena, Montana]], believed that marriage may exist only between one man and one woman. The church challenged certain provisions of Montana's campaign finance law requiring reporting and disclosure of campaign contributions or expenditures.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://casetext.com/case/canyon-ferry-v-unsworth?q=Anthony%20Johnstone&sort=relevance&p=2&type=case | title=Canyon Ferry v. Unsworth, 556 F.3d 1021 &#124; Casetext Search + Citator }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-feb-26-na-gay-marriage26-story.html | title=Montana church can keep mum on donations to gay marriage ban, appeals court rules | website=Los Angeles Times | date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref>
=== Notable cases ===


=== Federal judicial service ===
⚫
*In 2008, Johnstone represented the state of Montana in a case against Canyon Ferry Road Baptist Church. The church, located in [[East Helena, Montana]], believed that marriage may exist only between one man and one woman. The church challenged certain provisions of Montana's campaign finance law requiring reporting and disclosure of campaign contributions or expenditures.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://casetext.com/case/canyon-ferry-v-unsworth?q=Anthony%20Johnstone&sort=relevance&p=2&type=case | title=Canyon Ferry v. Unsworth, 556 F.3d 1021 &#124; Casetext Search + Citator }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-feb-26-na-gay-marriage26-story.html | title=Montana church can keep mum on donations to gay marriage ban, appeals court rules | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref>
⚫
On September 2, 2022, President [[Joe Biden]] announced his intent to nominate Johnstone to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States circuit judge]] for the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Ninth Circuit]].<ref name="Nom" /> On September 6, 2022, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden nominated Johnstone to the seat to be vacated by Judge [[Sidney R. Thomas]], who announced his intent to assume [[senior status]] upon confirmation of a successor.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Nominations Sent to the Senate|date=September 6, 2022|publisher=The White House|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/09/06/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-80/}}</ref> Senator [[Steve Daines]] of [[Montana]] opposed his nomination, saying that Johnstone was too political and partisan to be a judge and that the White House had not adequately consulted him on the nomination.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=DAINES STATEMENT ON BIDEN'S NINTH CIRCUIT JUDICIAL NOMINEE ANTHONY JOHNSTONE|date=December 9, 2022|url=https://www.daines.senate.gov/2022/12/09/daines-statement-on-bidens-ninth-circuit-judicial-nominee-anthony-johnstone/|access-date=May 1, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tester's office says Daines created political division he publicly criticized|date=December 3, 2022 |url=https://dailymontanan.com/2022/12/02/testers-office-says-daines-created-political-division-he-publicly-criticized/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Crawley|first=John|title=Biden Pick from Conservative Montana Confirmed to Ninth Circuit|url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/biden-pick-from-conservative-montana-confirmed-to-ninth-circuit|access-date=May 2, 2023|website=news.bloomberglaw.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Thomsen|first=Jacqueline|title=US Senate confirms Montana law professor as Biden's latest 9th Circuit judge|url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/us-senate-confirms-montana-law-professor-bidens-latest-9th-circuit-judge-2023-05-01/|access-date=May 2, 2023|website=reuters.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Senate confirms UM law professor Johnstone as judge for 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals|url=https://ravallirepublic.com/news/state-and-regional/senate-confirms-um-law-professor-johnstone-as-judge-for-9th-circuit-u-s-court-of/article_fced59f1-a3f2-5fea-a3ed-1436c04d46a3.html|access-date=May 2, 2023|website=ravallirepublic.com|language=en}}</ref> On October 12, 2022, a hearing on his nomination was held before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nominations|date=October 9, 2022|publisher=[[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary]]|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/10/12/2022/nominations}}</ref> He was questioned about his views on election integrity and religious freedom issues.<ref>{{Cite news|title=With Congress out of town, U.S. Senate panel plows ahead on judicial nominees|newspaper=Reuters |date=October 12, 2022 |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/with-congress-out-town-us-senate-panel-plows-ahead-judicial-nominees-2022-10-12/|last1=Raymond|first1=Nate}}</ref> On December 1, 2022, his nomination was favorably reported by the committee by an 11–10 vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/EBM%20Results%20-%202022-12-011.pdf|title=Results of Executive Business Meeting – December 1, 2022|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|accessdate=December 1, 2022}}</ref> On January 3, 2023, his nomination was returned to the President under [[Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXXI|Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6]] of the [[United States Senate]]; he was renominated later the same day.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Nominations Sent to the Senate|date=January 3, 2023|publisher=The White House|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/01/03/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-91/}}</ref> On February 2, 2023, the committee failed to report his nomination by a 10–10 vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/EBM%20Results%20-%202023-02-021.pdf|title=Results of Executive Business Meeting – February 2, 2023|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|accessdate=February 2, 2023}}</ref> On February 9, 2023, his nomination was favorably reported by the committee by an 11–10 vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2023-02-09%20-%20EBM%20-%20Results.pdf|title=Results of Executive Business Meeting – February 9, 2023|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|access-date=February 9, 2023}}</ref> On April 25, 2023, Majority Leader [[Chuck Schumer]] filed [[cloture]] on his nomination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PN89 — Anthony Devos Johnstone — The Judiciary |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/118th-congress/89 |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Congress.gov}}</ref> On April 27, 2023, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 50–45 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 27, 2023|title=On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Anthony Devos Johnstone to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1181/vote_118_1_00100.htm|access-date=April 27, 2023|website=United States Senate}}</ref> On May 1, 2023, his nomination was confirmed by a 49–45 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 1, 2023|title=On the Nomination (Confirmation: Anthony Devos Johnstone, of Montana, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1181/vote_118_1_00101.htm|access-date=May 1, 2023|website=United States Senate}}</ref> He received his judicial commission on May 5, 2023.<ref>{{FJC Bio|nid=13618506|inline=yes}}</ref>
*In 2012, Johnstone was part of a legal team that represented the state of Montana in a case before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] concerning three rivers, the [[Missouri River]], the [[Madison River]], and the [[Clark Fork River]], which flow through Montana and then beyond its borders. The question was whether discrete, identifiable segments of these rivers in Montana were nonnavigable, as federal law defines that concept for purposes of determining whether the State acquired title to the riverbeds underlying those segments, when the State entered the Union in 1889.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://casetext.com/case/ppl-mont-llc-v-montana-2?q=Anthony%20Johnstone&sort=relevance&p=1&type=case | title=PPL Montana, LLC v. Montana, 565 U.S. 576 &#124; Casetext Search + Citator }}</ref>
*In 2020, Johnstone was part of a legal team that represented the state of Montana in a case before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] regarding a 2015 law passed by the Montana Legislature. The law sought to provide parental and student choice in education by enacting a scholarship program for students attending private schools. The program grants a tax credit to anyone who donates to certain organizations that in turn award scholarships to selected students attending such schools. When petitioners sought to use the scholarships at a religious school, the [[Montana Supreme Court]] struck down the program.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://casetext.com/case/espinoza-v-montana-dept-of-revenue?q=Anthony%20Johnstone&sort=relevance&p=2&type=case | title=Espinoza v. Montana Dept. Of Revenue, 140 S. Ct. 2246 &#124; Casetext Search + Citator }}</ref>

=== Nomination of the court of appeals ===
⚫
On September 2, 2022, President [[Joe Biden]] announced his intent to nominate Johnstone to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States circuit judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]].<ref name="Nom" /> On September 6, 2022, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden will nominate Johnstone to the seat to be vacated by Judge [[Sidney R. Thomas]], who will assume [[senior status]] upon confirmation of a successor.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Nominations Sent to the Senate|date=September 6, 2022|publisher=The White House|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/09/06/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-80/}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> Senator [[Steven Daines]] of [[Montana]] opposed the nomination, claiming that Johnstone was too political and partisan to be a judge and claiming the White House had not adequately consulted him on the nomination.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tester’s office says Daines created political division he publicly criticized|url=https://dailymontanan.com/2022/12/02/testers-office-says-daines-created-political-division-he-publicly-criticized/}}</ref> On October 12, 2022, a hearing on his nomination was held before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nominations|date=October 9, 2022|publisher=[[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary]]|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/10/12/2022/nominations}}</ref> He was questioned about his views on election integrity and religious freedom issues.<ref>{{Cite web|title=With Congress out of town, U.S. Senate panel plows ahead on judicial nominees|url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/with-congress-out-town-us-senate-panel-plows-ahead-judicial-nominees-2022-10-12/}}</ref> On December 1, 2022, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 11–10 vote, with Senator [[Lindsey Graham]] passed on the vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/EBM%20Results%20-%202022-12-011.pdf|title=Results of Executive Business Meeting – December 1, 2022|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|accessdate=December 1, 2022}}</ref> On January 3, 2023, his nomination was returned to the President under [[Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXXI|Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6]] of the [[United States Senate]]; he was renominated later the same day.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Nominations Sent to the Senate |date=January 3, 2023 |publisher=The White House |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/01/03/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-91/}}</ref> On February 2, 2023, the committee deadlocked on his nomination by a 10–10 vote, which means that his nomination would be reconsidered.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/EBM%20Results%20-%202023-02-021.pdf|title=Results of Executive Business Meeting – February 2, 2023|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|accessdate=February 2, 2023}}</ref> On February 9, 2023, his nomination was reported out of committee by an 11–10 vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2023-02-09%20-%20EBM%20-%20Results.pdf|title=Results of Executive Business Meeting – February 9, 2023|publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|accessdate=February 9, 2023}}</ref> His nomination is pending before the [[United States Senate]].


== Publications ==
== Publications ==
=== Articles ===
=== Articles ===
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=December 11, 2013 |title=Outside Influence |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2379171 |journal=13 Election Law Journal 117 |language=en |location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=2379171 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=December 11, 2013 |title=Outside Influence |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2379171 |volume=13 |journal=Election Law Journal |page=117 |doi=10.1089/elj.2013.0210 |language=en |ssrn=2379171 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=July 18, 2013 |title=The System of Campaign Finance Disclosure |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2295545 |journal=99 Iowa Law Review Bulletin |language=en |location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=2295545 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=July 18, 2013 |title=The System of Campaign Finance Disclosure |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2295545 |volume=99 |journal=Iowa Law Review Bulletin |language=en |ssrn=2295545 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=December 3, 2013 |title=Recalibrating Campaign Finance Law |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2394937 |journal=32 Yale Law & Policy Review 217 (2013) |language=en |location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=2394937 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=December 3, 2013 |title=Recalibrating Campaign Finance Law |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2394937 |volume=32 |journal=Yale Law & Policy Review |page=217 |year=2013 |language=en |ssrn=2394937 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=March 25, 2013 |title=Commandeering Information (and Informing the Commandeered) |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2244191 |journal=University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online |language=en |location=Rochester, NY |volume=161 |pages=205|ssrn=2244191 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=March 25, 2013 |title=Commandeering Information (and Informing the Commandeered) |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2244191 |journal=University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online |language=en |volume=161 |pages=205|ssrn=2244191 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=October 31, 2011 |title=A Madisonian Case for Disclosure |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1967196 |journal=George Mason Law Review |language=en |location=Rochester, NY |volume=19 |issue=2|ssrn=1967196 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=October 31, 2011 |title=A Madisonian Case for Disclosure |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1967196 |journal=George Mason Law Review |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2|ssrn=1967196 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=June 1, 2010 |title=The Constitutional Initiative in Montana |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1623249 |journal=Montana Law Review |language=en |location=Rochester, NY |volume=71 |pages=325|ssrn=1623249 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=June 1, 2010 |title=The Constitutional Initiative in Montana |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1623249 |journal=Montana Law Review |language=en |volume=71 |pages=325|ssrn=1623249 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=August 1, 2009 |title=Captive Regulators, Captive Shippers: The Legacy of Mccarty Farms |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1604922 |journal=Montana Law Review |language=en |location=Rochester, NY |volume=70 |pages=239|ssrn=1604922 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=August 1, 2009 |title=Captive Regulators, Captive Shippers: The Legacy of Mccarty Farms |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1604922 |journal=Montana Law Review |language=en |volume=70 |pages=239|ssrn=1604922 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=April 1, 1998 |title=Peremptory Pragmatism: Religion and the Administration of the Batson Rule |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1604909 |journal=University of Chicago Legal Forum |language=en |location=Rochester, NY |pages=441|ssrn=1604909 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=April 1, 1998 |title=Peremptory Pragmatism: Religion and the Administration of the Batson Rule |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1604909 |journal=University of Chicago Legal Forum |language=en |pages=441|ssrn=1604909 }}


=== Forewords ===
=== Forewords ===
*{{Cite book |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2229543 |title=Foreword: The State of the Republican Form of Government in Montana |date=March 5, 2013 |publisher=74 Montana Law Review |edition=5 |location=Rochester, NY |ssrn=2229543 |language=en}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2229543 |title=Foreword: The State of the Republican Form of Government in Montana |date=March 5, 2013 |volume=74 |journal=Montana Law Review |page=5 |ssrn=2229543 |language=en}}


=== Testimony ===
=== Testimony ===
*{{Cite journal |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=September 12, 2012 |title=Testimony of Anthony Johnstone, Assistant Professor, University of Montana School of Law - Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on 'The Citizens United Court and the Continuing Importance of the Voting Rights Act' |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2226393 |language=en |location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=2226393 }}
*{{Cite SSRN |last=Johnstone |first=Anthony |date=September 12, 2012 |title=Testimony of Anthony Johnstone, Assistant Professor, University of Montana School of Law - Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on 'The Citizens United Court and the Continuing Importance of the Voting Rights Act' |language=en |ssrn=2226393 }}

⚫
== Notes ==
⚫
{{notelist}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Joe Biden judicial appointment controversies]]
* [[Joe Biden judicial appointment controversies]]

⚫
== Notes ==
⚫
{{notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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*{{FJC Bio|nid=13618506}}


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[[Category:Montana lawyers]]
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[[Category:Lawyers from Minneapolis]]
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[[Category:United States court of appeals judges appointed by Joe Biden]]
[[Category:University of Chicago Law School alumni]]
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[[Category:University of Montana faculty]]
[[Category:University of Montana faculty]]

Latest revision as of 20:24, 19 November 2024

Anthony Johnstone
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Incumbent
Assumed office
May 5, 2023
Appointed byJoe Biden
Preceded bySidney R. Thomas
Solicitor General of Montana
In office
2008–2011
GovernorBrian Schweitzer
Personal details
Born
Anthony Cameron Johnstone

1973 (age 51–52)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Spouse
Autumn Helene Devos
​
(m. 2004)​
EducationYale University (BA)
University of Chicago (JD)

Anthony Devos Johnstone (né Anthony Cameron Johnstone;[a] born 1973)[1] is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

Early life and education

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Johnstone earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1995. He was a paralegal at the law firm Arnold & Porter from 1995 to 1996. He then attended the University of Chicago Law School, graduating in 1999 with a Juris Doctor with honors.[3] He married Autumn Helene Devos in 2004.[2]

Career

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In 1999 and 2000, Johnstone served as a law clerk for Judge Sidney R. Thomas of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. From 2000 to 2003, he was a litigation associate at Cravath, Swaine & Moore in New York City. From 2004 to 2008, he served as an assistant attorney general in the Montana Department of Justice. From 2008 to 2011, he served as Solicitor General of Montana. From 2011 to 2023, he worked as a professor at the Alexander Blewett III School of Law. He was a solo practitioner at Johnstone PLLC in Missoula, Montana.[4][5] Johnstone has been a member of the Federalist Society and the American Constitution Society.[1][6]

In 2008, Johnstone represented the state of Montana in a case against Canyon Ferry Road Baptist Church. The church, located in East Helena, Montana, believed that marriage may exist only between one man and one woman. The church challenged certain provisions of Montana's campaign finance law requiring reporting and disclosure of campaign contributions or expenditures.[7][8]

Federal judicial service

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On September 2, 2022, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate Johnstone to serve as a United States circuit judge for the Ninth Circuit.[4] On September 6, 2022, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden nominated Johnstone to the seat to be vacated by Judge Sidney R. Thomas, who announced his intent to assume senior status upon confirmation of a successor.[9] Senator Steve Daines of Montana opposed his nomination, saying that Johnstone was too political and partisan to be a judge and that the White House had not adequately consulted him on the nomination.[10][11][12][13][14] On October 12, 2022, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee.[15] He was questioned about his views on election integrity and religious freedom issues.[16] On December 1, 2022, his nomination was favorably reported by the committee by an 11–10 vote.[17] On January 3, 2023, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate; he was renominated later the same day.[18] On February 2, 2023, the committee failed to report his nomination by a 10–10 vote.[19] On February 9, 2023, his nomination was favorably reported by the committee by an 11–10 vote.[20] On April 25, 2023, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer filed cloture on his nomination.[21] On April 27, 2023, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 50–45 vote.[22] On May 1, 2023, his nomination was confirmed by a 49–45 vote.[23] He received his judicial commission on May 5, 2023.[24]

Publications

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Articles

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  • Johnstone, Anthony (December 11, 2013). "Outside Influence". Election Law Journal. 13: 117. doi:10.1089/elj.2013.0210. SSRN 2379171.
  • Johnstone, Anthony (July 18, 2013). "The System of Campaign Finance Disclosure". Iowa Law Review Bulletin. 99. SSRN 2295545.
  • Johnstone, Anthony (December 3, 2013). "Recalibrating Campaign Finance Law". Yale Law & Policy Review. 32: 217. SSRN 2394937.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Johnstone, Anthony (March 25, 2013). "Commandeering Information (and Informing the Commandeered)". University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online. 161: 205. SSRN 2244191.
  • Johnstone, Anthony (October 31, 2011). "A Madisonian Case for Disclosure". George Mason Law Review. 19 (2). SSRN 1967196.
  • Johnstone, Anthony (June 1, 2010). "The Constitutional Initiative in Montana". Montana Law Review. 71: 325. SSRN 1623249.
  • Johnstone, Anthony (August 1, 2009). "Captive Regulators, Captive Shippers: The Legacy of Mccarty Farms". Montana Law Review. 70: 239. SSRN 1604922.
  • Johnstone, Anthony (April 1, 1998). "Peremptory Pragmatism: Religion and the Administration of the Batson Rule". University of Chicago Legal Forum: 441. SSRN 1604909.

Forewords

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Testimony

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  • Johnstone, Anthony (September 12, 2012). "Testimony of Anthony Johnstone, Assistant Professor, University of Montana School of Law - Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on 'The Citizens United Court and the Continuing Importance of the Voting Rights Act'". SSRN 2226393.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Prior to his marriage in 2004.[1][2]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees" (PDF). United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "For The Record". The Independent-Record (Helena, Montana). July 28, 2004.
  3. ^ "Anthony Johnstone, Helen & David Mason Professor of Law & Affiliated Professor of Public Administration". www.umt.edu. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  4. ^ a b "President Biden Names Twenty-Sixth Round of Judicial Nominees". The White House. September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  5. ^ "Anthony Johnstone". Montana IOE. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  6. ^ Crawley, John (May 1, 2023). "Biden Pick from Conservative Montana Confirmed to Ninth Circuit". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
  7. ^ "Canyon Ferry v. Unsworth, 556 F.3d 1021 | Casetext Search + Citator".
  8. ^ "Montana church can keep mum on donations to gay marriage ban, appeals court rules". Los Angeles Times. February 26, 2009.
  9. ^ "Nominations Sent to the Senate" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: The White House. September 6, 2022.
  10. ^ "DAINES STATEMENT ON BIDEN'S NINTH CIRCUIT JUDICIAL NOMINEE ANTHONY JOHNSTONE" (Press release). December 9, 2022. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  11. ^ "Tester's office says Daines created political division he publicly criticized". December 3, 2022.
  12. ^ Crawley, John. "Biden Pick from Conservative Montana Confirmed to Ninth Circuit". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  13. ^ Thomsen, Jacqueline. "US Senate confirms Montana law professor as Biden's latest 9th Circuit judge". reuters.com. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  14. ^ "Senate confirms UM law professor Johnstone as judge for 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals". ravallirepublic.com. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  15. ^ "Nominations". Washington, D.C.: United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. October 9, 2022.
  16. ^ Raymond, Nate (October 12, 2022). "With Congress out of town, U.S. Senate panel plows ahead on judicial nominees". Reuters.
  17. ^ "Results of Executive Business Meeting – December 1, 2022" (PDF). United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
  18. ^ "Nominations Sent to the Senate" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: The White House. January 3, 2023.
  19. ^ "Results of Executive Business Meeting – February 2, 2023" (PDF). United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
  20. ^ "Results of Executive Business Meeting – February 9, 2023" (PDF). United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  21. ^ "PN89 — Anthony Devos Johnstone — The Judiciary". Congress.gov. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  22. ^ "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Anthony Devos Johnstone to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. April 27, 2023. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
  23. ^ "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Anthony Devos Johnstone, of Montana, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. May 1, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  24. ^ Anthony Johnstone at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
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Legal offices
Preceded by Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
2023–present 		Incumbent
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