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In Australia, an Avenue of Honour is a memorial avenue of trees, with each tree symbolising a person. The tradition, which originated in the Goldfields region of Victoria, Australia, is an important part of Australian culture. There are 547 known avenues of honour in Australia, in all states and territories except the Northern Territory. Over half are in Victoria.^[1]

Most avenues are in remembrance of those who fought or died in war, particularly World War I (1914–1918), although the earliest recorded avenues were planted in remembrance of Australia's participation in the Second Boer War (1899-1902).^[1] Since soldiers were grouped by the place they were recruited, a military defeat often meant all of the men of eligible age from the town were killed in the same battle. Many of the avenue's trees include metal plaques naming the victims.

Many of these avenues now feature large, established trees and exotic species.

Several of these avenues are listed on the Victorian Heritage Register; most others are afforded local levels of heritage protection through the various Local government in Australia and the National Trust of Australia; however, many such avenues have since been affected by road development.

An online project titled "Avenues of Honour 1915-2015" (www.avenuesofhonour.org) has been established by Treenet, the urban tree research and education organisation based at the University of Adelaide's Waite Arboretum.^[1]

State significant avenues

Ballarat — The longest (22 kilometres and 3,912 trees) of the Avenues of Honour, made ever grander by its Arch of Victory.^[2]^[3]
Bacchus Marsh Road — The avenue of Dutch Elm trees serves as a tribute to local people who enlisted in the First World War. The 281 trees were simultaneously planted on the call of a bugle in 1918.^[4]^[5]
Eurack^[6]
Macedon-Woodend Road, Shire of Macedon Ranges^[7]

Other Victorian Avenues of Honour

Addington^[8]
Anglesea – relatively unusual in that flowering gums (corymbia ficifolia) were planted. Seventy-two trees were planted but only three or four remain.^[9]
Ballarat East — A second lesser known Avenue of Honour once marked the eastern entrance to Ballarat at Victoria Street. A handful of trees remain on one side of the road, the rest having been demolished, most during construction of the rail flyover in the 1960s.
Macedon^[10]
Booroopki^[11]
Buchan South^[12]
Daylesford
Hotspur^[13]
Kingston; Victorian Heritage Register VHR H2343^[14]
Kongwak
Lakes Entrance^[15]
Lysterfield^[16]
Wandin North - also planted with flowering gums.^[17]
Woodend North
Ballarat Orphanage's Arthur Kenny Avenue^[18]
Strzelecki Avenue Strzelecki Avenue of Honor Great World War 1914 - 1918

Avenues of Honour outside Victoria

Yungaburra, Queensland^[19]
Manly Vale, Sydney, New South Wales – established in 2005 to commemorate the service and sacrifice of Merchant Navy personnel in two world wars.^[20]
Cowra, New South Wales^[21]
O'Connell, New South Wales
Albany, Western Australia
Armadale, Western Australia
Kings Park, Western Australia - May Drive, Lovekin Drive and Marri Walk ^[22]
Hobart, Tasmania

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Megan Backhouse, "Felled but not forgotten", The Age, 8 June 2013, p. 10
^ "VHD". Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ Ballarat Avenue of Honour Archived 2014-04-13 at the Wayback Machine
^ "VHD". Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ "Bacchus Marsh Avenue Of Honour - Homepage". Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ "VHD". Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ "VHD". Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ "Addington Avenue of Honour – Avenues of Honour". avenuesofhonour.org. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
^ "Anglesea Avenue of Honour". Heritage Victoria. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
^ "Quercus palustris". National Trust. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
^ Borookpi Avenue of Honour Archived 21 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ Buchan South Avenue of Honour Archived 14 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ Hotspur Avenue of Honour Archived 12 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ Smith, Tim (9 April 2015). "Victorian Heritage Database Report : Avenue of Honour". Victoria Government Gazette (G14): 759.
^ Lakes Entrance Avenue of Honour
^ Lysterfield Avenue of Honour Archived 23 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Avenues of Honour Map". Avenues of Honour 1915-2015 Project. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
^ The Re-Discovery of Ballarat Orphanage's Arthur Kenny Avenue: Commemorative Booklet (Friday 9 November 2012)
^ "Avenue of Honour :: Home". Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^ "King St Avenue of Honour". Register of War Memorials in NSW. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
^ Cowra Avenue of Honour
^ "Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority - Honour Avenues Map". Retrieved 17 December 2016.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
-[[Image:BacchusMarshAvenueofHonour.JPG|right|thumb|The Avenue of Honour in [[Bacchus Marsh, Victoria|Bacchus Marsh]].]]
+{{Use Australian English|date=March 2018}}
-'''Avenue of Honour''' is the term given to a memorial avenue of trees, with each tree symbolising a person.
+[[File:BacchusMarshAvenueofHonour.JPG|right|thumb|The Avenue of Honour in [[Bacchus Marsh]]]]
-The tradition, which originated in the [[Goldfields region of Victoria]], [[Australia]] is an important part of [[Australian culture]].
+In Australia, an '''Avenue of Honour''' is a memorial [[avenue (landscape)|avenue]] of trees, with each tree symbolising a person. The tradition, which originated in the [[Goldfields region of Victoria]], Australia, is an important part of [[Australian culture]].  There are 547 known avenues of honour in Australia, in all states and territories except the [[Northern Territory]]. Over half are in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]].<ref name="backh" />
-Most avenues are in remembrance of those who fought or died war, particularly the Great War - [[World War I]] (1914–1918), from the town in which the avenue was planted. Since soldiers were grouped by the place they were recruited, a military defeat often meant all of the men of eligible age from the town were killed in the same battle. Many of the avenue's trees include metal plaques naming the victims.
+Most avenues are in remembrance of those who fought or died in war, particularly [[World War I]] (1914–1918), although the earliest recorded avenues were planted in remembrance of Australia's participation in the [[Second Boer War]] (1899-1902).<ref name=backh>Megan Backhouse, "Felled but not forgotten", ''[[The Age]]'', 8 June 2013, p. 10</ref> Since soldiers were grouped by the place they were recruited, a military defeat often meant all of the men of eligible age from the town were killed in the same battle. Many of the avenue's trees include metal plaques naming the victims.
 Many of these avenues now feature large, established trees and exotic species.
-Several of these avenues are listed on the [[Victorian Heritage Register]], most others are afforded local levels of heritage protection through the various [[Local government in Australia]] and the [[National Trust of Australia]] however many  such avenues have since been affected by road development.
+Several of these avenues are listed on the [[Victorian Heritage Register]]; most others are afforded local levels of heritage protection through the various [[Local government in Australia]] and the [[National Trust of Australia]]; however, many such avenues have since been affected by road development.
+An online project titled "Avenues of Honour 1915-2015" (www.avenuesofhonour.org) has been established by Treenet, the urban tree research and education organisation based at the [[University of Adelaide]]'s Waite Arboretum.<ref name=backh/>
-==State Significant Avenues==
-*[[Ballarat]] ([[Alfredton, Victoria|Alfredton]], [[Cardigan, Victoria|Cardigan]] and [[Cardigan Village, Victoria|Cardigan Village]], Ballarat-Burrumbeet Road [[Western Freeway (Victoria)|C805]]) - oldest (1917) and largest (22 kilometres & 3,912 trees), along with the [[Arch of Victory]]<ref>http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;4220</ref><ref>[http://www.ballarat.com/avenue.htm Ballarat Avenue of Honour]</ref>
+==State significant avenues==
-*Bacchus Marsh Road, The avenue of elm trees serves as a tribute to local people who enlisted in the First World War. The 281 trees were simultaneously planted on the call of a bugle in 1918. World wide Elm avenues are at risk from disease...or already lost! Bacchus Marsh is one step ahead with plans in place to ensure the Avenue's longevity- from basic tree maintenance to tree cloning programs and staged replanting.Take a stroll down the Avenue and experience its majestic canopy [[Bacchus Marsh]]<ref>http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;4957</ref>
+[[File:Arch of victory alfredton victoria.jpg|right|thumb|Victory Arch at the entrance to the Avenue of Honour, Ballarat]]
-*Eurack<ref>http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;12270</ref>
-*Macedon-Wooden Road, [[Shire of Macedon Ranges]]<ref>http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;12522</ref>
+* [[Ballarat]] — The longest (22 kilometres and 3,912 trees) of the Avenues of Honour, made ever grander by its [[Arch of Victory]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;4220|title=VHD|publisher=|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ballarat.com/avenue.htm Ballarat Avenue of Honour] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413165808/http://www.ballarat.com/avenue.htm |date=2014-04-13 }}</ref>
+*[[Bacchus Marsh|Bacchus Marsh Road]] — The avenue of Dutch Elm trees serves as a tribute to local people who enlisted in the First World War. The 281 trees were simultaneously planted on the call of a bugle in 1918.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;4957|title=VHD|publisher=|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bacchusmarsh.avenueofhonour.org.au/|title=Bacchus Marsh Avenue Of Honour - Homepage|publisher=|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref>
+*[[Eurack]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;12270|title=VHD|publisher=|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref>
+*Macedon-Woodend Road, [[Shire of Macedon Ranges]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;12522|title=VHD|publisher=|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref>
 ==Other Victorian Avenues of Honour==
+* [[Addington, Victoria|Addington]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Addington Avenue of Honour – Avenues of Honour |url=https://avenuesofhonour.org/places/victoria/addington/addington/ |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=avenuesofhonour.org}}</ref>
-* [[Ballarat East]] - a second lesser known Avenue of Honour once marked the eastern entrance to Ballarat at Victoria Street. A handful of trees remain on one side of the road, the rest having been demolished, most during construction of the rail flyover in the 1960s.
+* [[Anglesea, Victoria|Anglesea]] – relatively unusual in that flowering gums ([[corymbia ficifolia]]) were planted. Seventy-two trees were planted but only three or four remain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anglesea Avenue of Honour|url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/reports/report_place/126904|publisher=Heritage Victoria|accessdate=2014-07-23}}</ref>
-*Honour Avenue, Macedon, [[Shire of Macedon Ranges]]<ref>http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;85459</ref>
+* [[Ballarat East]] — A second lesser known Avenue of Honour once marked the eastern entrance to Ballarat at Victoria Street. A handful of trees remain on one side of the road, the rest having been demolished, most during construction of the rail flyover in the 1960s.
-*[[Booroopki]]<ref>[http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/goroke/booroopki.htm Borookpi Avenue of Honour]</ref>
+*[[Macedon, Victoria|Macedon]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Quercus palustris|url=http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/#detail_places;85459|publisher=National Trust|accessdate=2014-07-23}}</ref>
-*[[Lysterfield]]<ref>[http://www.rlcnews.org.au/stories/clubs_and_organisations/historic_lysterfield_avenue_of_honour.php Lysterfield Avenue of Honour]</ref>
-*[[Lakes Entrance]]<ref>[http://www.skp.com.au/memorials/pages/30098.htm Lakes Entrance Avenue of Honour]</ref>
+* [[Booroopki]]<ref>[http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/goroke/booroopki.htm Borookpi Avenue of Honour] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821081025/http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/goroke/booroopki.htm |date=21 August 2006 }}</ref>
+* [[Buchan, Victoria|Buchan South]]<ref>[http://www.mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/limoges/web/index.html Buchan South Avenue of Honour] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314064845/http://www.mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/limoges/web/index.html |date=14 March 2011 }}</ref>
-*[[Woodend North]]
+* [[Daylesford, Victoria|Daylesford]]
-*[[Buchan, Victoria|Buchan South]]<ref>[http://www.mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/limoges/web/index.html Buchan South Avenue of Honour]</ref>
-*Hotspur<ref>[http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/hotspur/avenue.htm Hotspur Avenue of Honour]</ref>
+* Hotspur<ref>[http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/hotspur/avenue.htm Hotspur Avenue of Honour] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712172630/http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/hotspur/avenue.htm |date=12 July 2006 }}</ref>
+* [[Kingston, Victoria|Kingston]]; Victorian Heritage Register VHR H2343<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Tim |date=9 April 2015 |title=Victorian Heritage Database Report : Avenue of Honour |url=https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/197302/download-report |journal=Victoria Government Gazette |issue=G14 |pages=759}}</ref>
-*Daylesford
+* [[Kongwak]]
+* [[Lakes Entrance]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030220051403/http://www.skp.com.au/memorials/pages/30098.htm Lakes Entrance Avenue of Honour]</ref>
+* [[Lysterfield]]<ref>[http://www.rlcnews.org.au/stories/clubs_and_organisations/historic_lysterfield_avenue_of_honour.php Lysterfield Avenue of Honour] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823080937/http://www.rlcnews.org.au/stories/clubs_and_organisations/historic_lysterfield_avenue_of_honour.php |date=23 August 2006 }}</ref>
+* [[Wandin North]] - also planted with flowering gums.<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenues of Honour Map|url=http://www.avenuesofhonour.org/map-of-avenues/|publisher=Avenues of Honour 1915-2015 Project|accessdate=2014-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728224957/http://www.avenuesofhonour.org/map-of-avenues/|archive-date=28 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+* [[Woodend North]]
+* [[Ballarat Orphanage]]'s Arthur Kenny Avenue<ref>The Re-Discovery of Ballarat Orphanage's Arthur Kenny Avenue: Commemorative Booklet (Friday 9 November 2012)</ref>
+* [[Strzelecki Avenue]] Strzelecki Avenue of Honor Great World War 1914 - 1918
 ===Avenues of Honour outside Victoria===
+* [[Yungaburra]], [[Queensland]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avenueofhonour.com.au/|title=Avenue of Honour :: Home|publisher=|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref>
-*An important newly established Avenue of Honour in Manly Vale, Sydney, NSW.<ref>http://www.avenuesofhonour.org/King%20Street%20Avenue%20of%20Honour.html</ref>
+* [[Manly Vale]], [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]] – established in 2005 to commemorate the service and sacrifice of Merchant Navy personnel in two world wars.<ref>{{cite web|title=King St Avenue of Honour|url=http://www.warmemorialsregister.nsw.gov.au/content/king-st-avenue-honour|publisher=Register of War Memorials in NSW|accessdate=2014-07-23}}</ref>
-[[File:Arch of victory alfredton victoria.jpg|right|thumb|Victory Arch at the entrance to the Avenue of Honour, Ballarat]]
+* [[Cowra]], New South Wales<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060430082521/http://www.skp.com.au/memorials/pages/20173.htm Cowra Avenue of Honour]</ref>
-*[[O'Connell, New South Wales]]
+* [[O'Connell, New South Wales]]
-*[[Cowra, New South Wales]]<ref>[http://www.skp.com.au/memorials/pages/20173.htm Cowra Avenue of Honour]</ref>
-*[[Albany, Western Australia]]
+* [[Albany, Western Australia]]
-*[[Armadale, Western Australia]]
+* [[Armadale, Western Australia]]
+* [[Kings Park, Western Australia]] - May Drive, Lovekin Drive and Marri Walk <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgpa.wa.gov.au/kings-park/visit/maps-and-transport/honour-avenues|title=Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority - Honour Avenues Map|publisher=|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref>
-*[[Hobart, Tasmania]]
+* [[Hobart]], [[Tasmania]]
 ==See also==
-* [[Tree Avenue or tree alley (allée)]]
+* [[Avenue (landscape)]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
+==Further reading==
+* {{Cite thesis |last=Haddow |first=Janine |title=Avenues of Honour in Victoria |type=Master of Landscape Architecture |year=1987 |publisher=University of Melbourne |url=https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/39017}}
+* Taffe, Michael. Victoria's Avenues of Honour to the Great War Lost to the Landscape. (Bachelor of Arts Hons). University of Melbourne. 2006.
+* Taffe, Michael. '90th Anniversary of our Avenues of Honour', Australian Garden History Journal p.&nbsp;24, Vol.17 No.5 May/June 2006.
+* Taffe, Michael. “A New Nation – A New Landscape: Victoria’s Great War Avenues of Honour.” Paper presented at the Australian Garden History Society 2012 Conference. https://www.gardenhistorysociety.org.au/wp-{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
+* Taffe, Michael. “Keeping Memory Green.” Historic Gardens Review 32 (2015): 18–21.
+* Taffe, Michael. First World War Avenues of Honour: Social History through the Landscape. (PhD Thesis) Federation University, Ballarat. 2018.
 {{Australian war memorials}}
-[[Category:Australian culture]]
 [[Category:Australian military memorials]]
+[[Category:Avenues (landscape)]]
-[[de:Avenue of Honour]]
-[[fr:Avenue de l'honneur]]

v t e Australian war memorials
Major national monuments (capital cities)	Anzac Memorial (Sydney) Australian Army Memorial (Canberra) Australian Merchant Navy Memorial (Canberra) Australian Peacekeeping Memorial (Canberra) Australian Service Nurses National Memorial (Canberra) Australian War Memorial (Canberra) The Cenotaph (Hobart) Kings Park War Memorial (Perth) National War Memorial (Adelaide) Remembrance Driveway (Sydney to Canberra) Royal Australian Navy Memorial (Canberra) Shrine of Remembrance (Brisbane) Shrine of Remembrance (Melbourne) Vietnam Forces National Memorial (Canberra)
On foreign soil	Australian War Memorial (London, England) Australian Soldier Park (Beersheba, Palestine) Lae War Cemetery (Lae, Papua New Guinea) Lone Pine Memorial (Gallipoli, Turkey) V.C. Corner Australian Cemetery and Memorial (Fromelles, France)
Regional monuments	ACT Memorial (Canberra) Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (Ballarat) Monument Hill (Fremantle) Victory Memorial Gardens (Wagga Wagga)
Boer War memorials	South African War Memorial (Adelaide) South African War Memorial (Brisbane) Boer War Memorial (Canberra)
World War I memorials	Arch of Victory (Ballarat) Avenues of Honour The Cenotaph (Sydney) Johnstone Park Memorial (Geelong) Light Horse Interchange (Sydney) Mount Macedon Memorial Cross
World War II memorials	Australian–American Memorial (Canberra) Avenues of Honour Albany Armadale Bacchus Marsh Ballarat Booroopki Buchan South Cowra Hobart Lakes Entrance Lysterfield Macedon O'Connell Woodend North Military Museum and Bombing Memorial (Darwin) El Alamein Fountain (Sydney) Hellenic Memorial (Canberra) Rats of Tobruk Memorial (Canberra)
Korean War memorials	Korean War Memorial (Canberra)
Campaigns	Regimental Square (Sydney)
Branch	Rockingham Naval Memorial Park (RAN)