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{{short description|German scientist and philosopher (1788–1869)}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name = Carl Reichenbach
|name = Carl Reichenbach
|image = Karl Reichenbach.jpg
|image = Karl Reichenbach.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Carl Ludwig von Reichenbach
|caption = Carl Ludwig von Reichenbach
|birth_name = Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Reichenbach
|birth_name = Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Reichenbach
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1788|02|12}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1788|02|12}}
|birth_place = [[Stuttgart]], [[Holy Roman Empire|Germany]]
|birth_place = [[Stuttgart]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1869|01|19|1788|02|12}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1869|01|19|1788|02|12}}
|death_place = [[Leipzig]], [[North German Confederation|Germany]]
|death_place = [[Leipzig]], [[North German Confederation]]
|body_discovered =
|death_cause =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
|residence =
|nationality = German
|nationality = German
|ethnicity =
|citizenship =
|citizenship =
|other_names =
|other_names =
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|alma_mater = [[University of Tübingen]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Tübingen]]
|employer =
|employer =
|occupation = [[Chemist]], [[Geologist]], [[Metallurgist]], [[natural history|Naturalist]], [[Industrialist]] and [[Philosopher]]
|occupation = [[Chemist]], [[geologist]], [[metallurgist]], [[natural history|naturalist]], [[industrialist]] and [[philosopher]]
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}}
}}


[[Freiherr|Baron]] Dr. '''Carl (Karl) Ludwig von Reichenbach''' (full name: Karl Ludwig [[Freiherr]] von Reichenbach) (February 12, 1788{{spaced ndash}}January 1869) was a notable [[chemist]], [[geologist]], [[metallurgist]], [[natural history|naturalist]], [[industrialist]] and [[philosopher]], and a member of the prestigious [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. He is best known for his discoveries of several chemical products of economic importance, extracted from [[tar]], such as [[eupione]], waxy [[Paraffin wax|paraffin]], [[pittacal]] (the first synthetic [[dye]]) and [[phenol]] (an [[antiseptic]]). He also dedicated himself in his last years to research an unproved field of energy combining [[electricity]], [[magnetism]] and [[heat]], emanating from all living things, which he called the [[Odic force]].<ref>Much of this information is quoted from: http://books.google.com/books?vid=0mfUqc4DBV7x8P&id=5iMlMLNd4jsC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=reichenbach+pittacal Reichenbach, Karl. The [[New American Cyclopedia]], 1863 (in the [[public domain]]). Facsimile copy available on the Internet at [[Google Books]].</ref>
'''Karl Ludwig [[Freiherr]] von Reichenbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkaʁl ˈluːtvɪç ˈfʁaɪhɛʁ fɔn ˈʁaɪçn̩bax}}; February 12, 1788{{spaced ndash}}January 19, 1869), known as '''Carl Reichenbach''', was a German [[chemist]], [[geologist]], [[metallurgist]], [[natural history|naturalist]], [[industrialist]] and [[philosopher]], and a member of the [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. He is best known for his discoveries of several chemical products of economic importance, extracted from [[tar]], such as [[eupione]], waxy [[Paraffin wax|paraffin]], [[pittacal]] (the first synthetic [[dye]]) and [[phenol]] (an [[antiseptic]]). He also dedicated his last years to researching an unproved field of energy combining [[electricity]], [[magnetism]] and [[heat]], emanating from all living things, which he called the [[Odic force]].<ref name=NewAm>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5iMlMLNd4jsC&dq=reichenbach+pittacal&pg=PA20 Reichenbach, Karl. The New American Cyclopedia, 1863 (in the public domain). Facsimile copy available on the Internet at Google Books.]</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Reichenbach was educated at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he obtained the degree of [[doctor of philosophy]]. At the age of 16 he conceived the idea of establishing a new German state in one of the [[South Sea Islands]], and for five years he devoted himself to this project.
Reichenbach was educated at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he obtained the degree of [[doctor of philosophy]]. At the age of 16 he conceived the idea of establishing a new German state in one of the [[South Sea Islands]], and for five years he devoted himself to this project.


Afterwards, directing his attention to the application of science to the [[industry|industrial]] arts, he visited [[manufacture|manufacturing]] and [[metallurgy|metallurgical works]] in France and Germany, and established the first modern metallurgical company, with [[forge]]s of his own in [[Villingen]] and [[Hausach]] in the [[Black Forest]] region of Southern Germany and later in [[Baden]].
Afterwards, directing his attention to the application of science to the industrial arts, he visited [[manufacture|manufacturing]] and [[metallurgy|metallurgical works]] in France and Germany, and established the first modern metallurgical company, with [[forge]]s of his own in [[Villingen]] and [[Hausach]] in the [[Black Forest]] region of Southern Germany and later in [[Baden]].


==Scientific contributions==
==Scientific contributions==
Reichenbach conducted original scientific investigations in many areas. The first [[geology|geological]] monograph which appeared in Austria was his ''Geologische Mitteilungen aus Mähren'' ([[Vienna]], 1834).{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
Reichenbach conducted original scientific investigations in many areas. The first [[geology|geological]] monograph which appeared in Austria was his ''Geologische Mitteilungen aus Mähren'' ([[Vienna]], 1834).<ref name=NewAm />


His position as the head of the large [[chemical industry|chemical works]], [[iron]] [[furnace]]s and [[machine shop]]s upon the great estate of Count Hugo secured to him excellent opportunities for conducting large-scale experimental research. From 1830 to 1834 he investigated complex products of the [[distillation]] of [[organic chemistry|organic substances]] such as [[coal]] and [[wood]] [[tar]], discovering a number of valuable [[hydrocarbon]] compounds including [[creosote]], [[Paraffin wax|paraffin]], [[eupione]] and [[phenol]] ([[antiseptic]]s), [[pittacal]] and cidreret (synthetic [[dye]]stuffs), [[picamar]] (a [[perfume]] base), assamar, [[capnomor]], and others. Under the name of eupione, Reichenbach included the mixture of hydrocarbon oils now known as waxy paraffin or coal [[oil]]s. In his paper describing the substance, first published in the ''Neues Jahrbuch der Chemie und Physik'', B, ii, he dwelt upon the economical importance of this and of its associate paraffins, whenever the methods of separating them cheaply from natural [[bitumen|bituminous]] compounds would be established.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
His position as the head of the large [[chemical industry|chemical works]], [[iron]] [[Metallurgical furnace|furnace]]s and [[machine shop]]s upon the great estate of Count Hugo secured to him excellent opportunities for conducting large-scale experimental research. From 1830 to 1834 he investigated complex products of the [[distillation]] of [[organic chemistry|organic substances]] such as [[coal]] and [[wood]] [[tar]], discovering a number of valuable [[hydrocarbon]] compounds including [[creosote]], [[Paraffin wax|paraffin]], [[eupione]] and [[phenol]] ([[antiseptic]]s), [[pittacal]] and cidreret (synthetic [[dye]]stuffs), [[picamar]] (a [[perfume]] base), assamar, [[capnomor]], and others. Under the name of eupione, Reichenbach included the mixture of hydrocarbon oils now known as waxy paraffin or coal [[oil]]s. In his paper describing the substance, first published in the ''Neues Jahrbuch der Chemie und Physik'', B, ii, he dwelt upon the economical importance of this and of its associate paraffins, whenever the methods of separating them cheaply from natural [[bitumen|bituminous]] compounds would be established.<ref name=NewAm />


===Earth's magnetism===
===Earth's magnetism===
Reichenbach expanded on the work of previous scientists, such as [[Galileo Galilei]], who believed the Earth's axis was magnetically connected to a universal central force in space, in concluding that Earth's magnetism comes from magnetic iron, which can be found in meteorites. His reasoning was that meteorites and planets are the same, and no matter the size of the meteorite, polar existence can be found in the object. This was deemed conclusive by the scientific community in the 19th century.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=WBic2x0P5i4C&dq "Scientific materialism and ultimate conceptions"], Sidney Billing. Bickers and Son, 1879. p. 355.</ref>
Reichenbach expanded on the work of previous scientists, such as [[Galileo Galilei]], who believed the Earth's axis was magnetically connected to a universal central force in space, in concluding that Earth's magnetism comes from magnetic iron, which can be found in meteorites. His reasoning was that meteorites and planets are the same, and no matter the size of the meteorite, polar existence can be found in the object. This was deemed conclusive by the scientific community in the 19th century.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WBic2x0P5i4C "Scientific materialism and ultimate conceptions"], Sidney Billing. Bickers and Son, 1879. p. 355.</ref>


==The Odic force==
==The Odic force==
{{Main|Odic force}}
{{Main article|Odic force}}


In 1839 Von Reichenbach retired from industry and entered upon an investigation of the pathology of the human [[nervous system]]. He studied [[neurasthenia]], [[somnambulism]], [[hysteria]] and [[phobia]], crediting reports that these conditions were affected by the moon. After interviewing many patients he ruled out many causes and cures, but concluded that such maladies tended to affect people whose sensory faculties were unusually vivid. These he termed "sensitives".{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
In 1839 Von Reichenbach retired from industry and entered upon an investigation of the pathology of the human [[nervous system]]. He studied [[neurasthenia]], [[somnambulism]], [[hysteria]] and [[phobia]], crediting reports that these conditions were affected by the moon. After interviewing many patients he ruled out many causes and cures, but concluded that such maladies tended to affect people whose sensory faculties were unusually vivid. These he termed "sensitives".<ref>{{cite book|title=Odic-Magnetic Letters -1859|url=https://archive.org/stream/odicmagneticlett00reic/odicmagneticlett00reic_djvu.txt|via=archive.org|publisher=New York : C. Blanchard|year=1860}}</ref>


Influenced by the works of [[Franz Anton Mesmer]] he hypothesised that the condition could be affected by environmental electromagnetism, but finally his investigations led him to propose a new imponderable force allied to [[magnetism]], which he thought was an emanation from most substances, a kind of "life principle" which permeates and connects all living things. To this [[vitalism|vitalist]] manifestation he gave the name ''[[Odic force]]''.<ref>Gerry Vassilatos, ''Lost Science,'' Adventures Unlimited Press (2000)ISBN 0932813755 ISBN 978-0-932813-75-6</ref>
Influenced by the works of [[Franz Anton Mesmer]] he hypothesised that the condition could be affected by environmental electromagnetism, but finally his investigations led him to propose a new imponderable force allied to [[magnetism]], which he thought was an emanation from most substances, a kind of "life principle" which permeates and connects all living things. To this [[vitalism|vitalist]] manifestation he gave the name ''[[Odic force]]''.<ref>Gerry Vassilatos, ''Lost Science,'' Adventures Unlimited Press (2000){{ISBN|0932813755}} {{ISBN|978-0-932813-75-6}}</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
* ''Das Kreosot: ein neuentdeckter Bestandtheil des gemeinen Rauches, des Holzessigs und aller Arten von Theer'' 1833
* ''Das Kreosot: ein neuentdeckter Bestandtheil des gemeinen Rauches, des Holzessigs und aller Arten von Theer'' 1833
* ''Geologische Mitteilungen aus Mähren'' (''Geological news from Moravia'') Wien, 1834
* ''Geologische Mitteilungen aus Mähren'' (''Geological news from Moravia'') Wien, 1834
* ''Physikalisch-physiologische Untersuchungen über die Dynamide des Magnetismus, der Elektrizität, der Wärme, des Lichtes, der Krystallisation, des Chemismus in ihren Beziehungen zur Lebenskraft'' (Band 1 + [http://books.google.ch/books?id=F_M_AAAAIAAJ Band 2]) Braunschweig, 1850
* ''Physikalisch-physiologische Untersuchungen über die Dynamide des Magnetismus, der Elektrizität, der Wärme, des Lichtes, der Krystallisation, des Chemismus in ihren Beziehungen zur Lebenskraft'' (Band 1 + [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_F_M_AAAAIAAJ Band 2]) Braunschweig, 1850
* [http://books.google.ch/books?id=nyU4AAAAYAAJ ''Odisch-magnetische Briefe''] Stuttgart 1852, 1856; Ulm 1955
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=nyU4AAAAYAAJ ''Odisch-magnetische Briefe''] Stuttgart 1852, 1856; Ulm 1955
* ''Der sensitive Mensch und sein Verhalten zum Ode'' (''The sensitive human and his behaviour towards Od'') Stuttgart und Tübingen ([http://books.google.ch/books?id=tvYNAAAAYAAJ Band 1] 1854 + [http://books.google.ch/books?id=AfYNAAAAYAAJ Band 2] 1855)
* ''Der sensitive Mensch und sein Verhalten zum Ode'' (''The sensitive human and his behaviour towards Od'') Stuttgart und Tübingen ([https://books.google.com/books?id=tvYNAAAAYAAJ Band 1] 1854 + [https://books.google.com/books?id=AfYNAAAAYAAJ Band 2] 1855)
* [http://books.google.ch/books?id=VM86AAAAcAAJ ''Köhlerglaube und Afterweisheit: Dem Herrn C. Vogt in Genf zur Antwort''] Wien, 1855
* [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_VM86AAAAcAAJ ''Köhlerglaube und Afterweisheit: Dem Herrn C. Vogt in Genf zur Antwort''] Wien, 1855
* [http://books.google.ch/books?id=K8c6AAAAcAAJ ''Wer ist sensitiv, wer nicht''] (''Who is sensitive, who is not?'') Wien, 1856
* [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K8c6AAAAcAAJ_2 ''Wer ist sensitiv, wer nicht''] (''Who is sensitive, who is not?'') Wien, 1856
* [http://books.google.ch/books?id=44g5AAAAcAAJ ''Odische Erwiederungen an die Herren Professoren Fortlage, Schleiden, Fechner und Hofrath Carus''] Wien, 1856
* [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_44g5AAAAcAAJ ''Odische Erwiederungen an die Herren Professoren Fortlage, Schleiden, Fechner und Hofrath Carus''] Wien, 1856
* [http://books.google.ch/books?id=VdQbAAAAIAAJ ''Die Pflanzenwelt in ihren Beziehungen zur Sensitivität und zum Ode''] Wien, 1858
* [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_VdQbAAAAIAAJ ''Die Pflanzenwelt in ihren Beziehungen zur Sensitivität und zum Ode''] Wien, 1858
* [http://www.sapientia.ch/E-Buecher/Diverse_E-Buecher/Reichenbach%20-%20Berlin.pdf ''Odische Begebenheiten zu Berlin in den Jahren 1861 und 1862''] Berlin, 1862
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091014164131/http://www.sapientia.ch/E-Buecher/Diverse_E-Buecher/Reichenbach%20-%20Berlin.pdf ''Odische Begebenheiten zu Berlin in den Jahren 1861 und 1862''] Berlin, 1862
* [http://books.google.ch/books?id=6Ig5AAAAcAAJ ''Aphorismen über Sensitivität und Od''] (''Aphorisms on Sensitivity and Od'') Wien, 1866
* [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6Ig5AAAAcAAJ ''Aphorismen über Sensitivität und Od''] (''Aphorisms on Sensitivity and Od'') Wien, 1866
* [http://books.google.ch/books?id=L5Q5AAAAcAAJ ''Die odische Lohe und einige Bewegungserscheinungen als neuentdeckte Formen des odischen Princips in der Natur''] Wien, 1867
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=L5Q5AAAAcAAJ ''Die odische Lohe und einige Bewegungserscheinungen als neuentdeckte Formen des odischen Princips in der Natur''] Wien, 1867
<!--

autotranslation by google of above:
autotranslation by google of above:




The creosote: a newly discovered common constituent of smoke, the wood vinegar and all kinds of tar 1833
The creosote: a newly discovered common constituent of smoke, the wood vinegar and all kinds of tar 1833
Line 99: Line 68:
## Odic events to Berlin in 1861 and in 1862 Berlin, 1862
## Odic events to Berlin in 1861 and in 1862 Berlin, 1862
## Aphorisms about sensitivity and OD (Aphorisms on Sensitivity and Od) Vienna, 1866
## Aphorisms about sensitivity and OD (Aphorisms on Sensitivity and Od) Vienna, 1866
## The odic blaze and some phenomena of motion as newly discovered forms of anodic principle in nature Wien 1867
## The odic blaze and some phenomena of motion as newly discovered forms of anodic principle in nature Wien 1867 -->





English translations:
English translations:
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=qe0RAAAAYAAJ ''Physico-physiological researches on the dynamics of magnetism, electricity, heat, light, crystallization, and chemism, in their relation to Vital Force''] New York, 1851
* [https://archive.org/details/physicophysiolo02ashbgoog ''Physico-physiological researches on the dynamics of magnetism, electricity, heat, light, crystallization, and chemism, in their relation to Vital Force''] New York, 1851
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=wXIFAQAAIAAJ ''Somnambulism and cramp''] New York, 1860 (excerpt translated chapter out of ''Der sensitive Mensch und sein Verhalten zum Ode'')
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=wXIFAQAAIAAJ ''Somnambulism and cramp''] New York, 1860 (excerpt translated chapter out of ''Der sensitive Mensch und sein Verhalten zum Ode'')
* ''Letters on Od and Magnetism'' 1926
* ''Letters on Od and Magnetism'' 1926


{{botanist|C.Rchb.|Reichenbach, Carl Ludwig von}}
{{botanist|C.Rchb.|Reichenbach, Carl Ludwig von}}


==See also==
==Reichenbach's ideas in popular culture==
*[[German colonial projects before 1871#Colonies and German national consciousness|Reichenbach's Otaheiti Society]]
Characters in the fantasy novel, The Hollow People by Brian Keaney (Orchard Books 2006) manipulate Odyllic force, an energy which is accessed through waking dreams.


⚫
==Notes==
Reichenbach and his Odic force are referred to in the game "Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs".
⚫
* {{German title Freiherr}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

⚫
==Notes==
⚫
{{German title Freiherr}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
*[http://www.paranormal.de/para/ballabene/okkultes_weltbild/aether/reichenbach/reichenbach1.htm Karl von Reichenbach und Od]. Paranormal Site (In German)
* [http://www.paranormal.de/para/ballabene/okkultes_weltbild/aether/reichenbach/reichenbach1.htm Karl von Reichenbach und Od]. Paranormal Site (In German)
*[http://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/300460 Karl Ludwig von Reichenbach]. Stadt Stuttgart (in German)
* [http://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/300460 Karl Ludwig von Reichenbach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919160032/http://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/300460 |date=2016-09-19 }}. Stadt Stuttgart (in German)
* [http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/sgml/moa-idx?notisid=ABL5306-0015-126 Researches on Magnetism, Electricity, Heat and Light in their relations to Vital Forces]. Cornell University. or [http://books.google.com/books/download/Researches_on_magnetism__electricity__he.pdf?id=KukRAAAAYAAJ&hl=fr&output=pdf&sig=ACfU3U3nqkyamSfUKay6Iol3jgdh9mnmqw&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0 here]
* [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044018742130;view=1up;seq=9 Researches on Magnetism, Electricity, Heat and Light in their relations to Vital Forces]. Cornell University. or [https://archive.org/details/researchesonmag00greggoog here]
* [http://customers.hbci.com/~wenonah/history/odenergy.htm Luminous World]. Article by Gerry Vassilatos
* [http://customers.hbci.com/~wenonah/history/odenergy.htm Luminous World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209104041/http://customers.hbci.com/~wenonah/history/odenergy.htm |date=2013-02-09 }}. Article by Gerry Vassilatos

{{Parapsychology}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1869 deaths]]
[[Category:1869 deaths]]
[[Category:German astrologers]]
[[Category:German astrologers]]
[[Category:German chemists]]
[[Category:19th-century German chemists]]
[[Category:German geologists]]
[[Category:19th-century German geologists]]
[[Category:German naturalists]]
[[Category:German naturalists]]
[[Category:Metallurgists]]
[[Category:German metallurgists]]
[[Category:19th-century occultists]]
[[Category:19th-century occultists]]
[[Category:Parapsychologists]]
[[Category:Parapsychologists]]
[[Category:People from Stuttgart]]
[[Category:Scientists from Stuttgart]]
[[Category:Barons of Germany]]
[[Category:German barons]]
[[Category:Vitalists]]

Latest revision as of 21:03, 17 September 2024

Carl Reichenbach
Carl Ludwig von Reichenbach
Born
Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Reichenbach

(1788-02-12)February 12, 1788
Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg, Holy Roman Empire
DiedJanuary 19, 1869(1869-01-19) (aged 80)
Leipzig, North German Confederation
NationalityGerman
Alma materUniversity of Tübingen
Occupation(s)Chemist, geologist, metallurgist, naturalist, industrialist and philosopher
Known forOdic force

Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Reichenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈkaʁl ˈluːtvɪç ˈfʁaɪhɛʁ fɔn ˈʁaɪçn̩bax]; February 12, 1788 – January 19, 1869), known as Carl Reichenbach, was a German chemist, geologist, metallurgist, naturalist, industrialist and philosopher, and a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his discoveries of several chemical products of economic importance, extracted from tar, such as eupione, waxy paraffin, pittacal (the first synthetic dye) and phenol (an antiseptic). He also dedicated his last years to researching an unproved field of energy combining electricity, magnetism and heat, emanating from all living things, which he called the Odic force.[1]

Life

[edit]

Reichenbach was educated at the University of Tübingen, where he obtained the degree of doctor of philosophy. At the age of 16 he conceived the idea of establishing a new German state in one of the South Sea Islands, and for five years he devoted himself to this project.

Afterwards, directing his attention to the application of science to the industrial arts, he visited manufacturing and metallurgical works in France and Germany, and established the first modern metallurgical company, with forges of his own in Villingen and Hausach in the Black Forest region of Southern Germany and later in Baden.

Scientific contributions

[edit]

Reichenbach conducted original scientific investigations in many areas. The first geological monograph which appeared in Austria was his Geologische Mitteilungen aus Mähren (Vienna, 1834).[1]

His position as the head of the large chemical works, iron furnaces and machine shops upon the great estate of Count Hugo secured to him excellent opportunities for conducting large-scale experimental research. From 1830 to 1834 he investigated complex products of the distillation of organic substances such as coal and wood tar, discovering a number of valuable hydrocarbon compounds including creosote, paraffin, eupione and phenol (antiseptics), pittacal and cidreret (synthetic dyestuffs), picamar (a perfume base), assamar, capnomor, and others. Under the name of eupione, Reichenbach included the mixture of hydrocarbon oils now known as waxy paraffin or coal oils. In his paper describing the substance, first published in the Neues Jahrbuch der Chemie und Physik, B, ii, he dwelt upon the economical importance of this and of its associate paraffins, whenever the methods of separating them cheaply from natural bituminous compounds would be established.[1]

Earth's magnetism

[edit]

Reichenbach expanded on the work of previous scientists, such as Galileo Galilei, who believed the Earth's axis was magnetically connected to a universal central force in space, in concluding that Earth's magnetism comes from magnetic iron, which can be found in meteorites. His reasoning was that meteorites and planets are the same, and no matter the size of the meteorite, polar existence can be found in the object. This was deemed conclusive by the scientific community in the 19th century.[2]

The Odic force

[edit]
Main article: Odic force

In 1839 Von Reichenbach retired from industry and entered upon an investigation of the pathology of the human nervous system. He studied neurasthenia, somnambulism, hysteria and phobia, crediting reports that these conditions were affected by the moon. After interviewing many patients he ruled out many causes and cures, but concluded that such maladies tended to affect people whose sensory faculties were unusually vivid. These he termed "sensitives".[3]

Influenced by the works of Franz Anton Mesmer he hypothesised that the condition could be affected by environmental electromagnetism, but finally his investigations led him to propose a new imponderable force allied to magnetism, which he thought was an emanation from most substances, a kind of "life principle" which permeates and connects all living things. To this vitalist manifestation he gave the name Odic force.[4]

Works

[edit]

English translations:

The standard author abbreviation C.Rchb. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[5]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  • Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as 'Baron'). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Reichenbach, Karl. The New American Cyclopedia, 1863 (in the public domain). Facsimile copy available on the Internet at Google Books.
  2. ^ "Scientific materialism and ultimate conceptions", Sidney Billing. Bickers and Son, 1879. p. 355.
  3. ^ Odic-Magnetic Letters -1859. New York : C. Blanchard. 1860 – via archive.org.
  4. ^ Gerry Vassilatos, Lost Science, Adventures Unlimited Press (2000)ISBN 0932813755 ISBN 978-0-932813-75-6
  5. ^ International Plant Names Index.  C.Rchb.
[edit]
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