Charles Constantine of Vienne
Charles Constantine | |
|---|---|
| Count of Vienne | |
| Died | 962 |
| Noble family | Bivinids |
| Spouse(s) | Thiberge de Troyes |
| Issue | Richard Hubert Constance |
| Father | Louis III the Blind |
| Mother | Anna of Constantinople (disputed) |
Charles-Constantine (died 962) was a Count of Vienne. His father, Louis the Blind, was King of Provence and Holy Roman Emperor.
Life
When Charles' father Louis died in 929, Hugh of Arles, who was already king of Italy, took over Provence and gave it, in 933, to King Rudolf II of Burgundy.[1] Charles-Constantine, for whatever reason, did not inherit the imperial throne or Provence.[2] This has led many to believe he was, in fact, illegitimate.[3] He was awarded the county of the Viennois in 931, by Rudolph of France.[4]
He was married to Thiberge de Troyes.[4] They had two sons and a daughter:
- Constance of Vienne, married to Boson II count of Arles.
Name and ancestry
This count appears simply as "Carolus" (Charles) in his own charters.[5] Flodoard, writing his annals during the count's lifetime, called him Karolo Constantino Ludovici orbi filii (Charles Constantine, son of Louis the Blind), and this added byname also appears in the writings of 10th-century historian Richerus, who used Flodoard as a source.[5][6] The implications of this byname, Constantine, have been subject to debate. Poole considered it a toponymic name of Flodoard's devising, reference to Arles (sometimes called Constantina urbs),[5] but Previté-Orton sees in it a reference to his parentage.[7] A surviving letter by Patriarch Nicholas I Mystikos testifies that Emperor Leo VI the Wise of Byzantium, father of Constantine VII, had betrothed his daughter to a Frank prince, a cousin of Bertha (of Tuscany), to whom came later a great misfortune. That unfortunate prince could only be Louis III, whose mother Ermengard of Italy was a first cousin of Bertha, and who was blinded on 21 July 905, while the prospective bride would have been Emperor Leo's only surviving daughter at that time, Anna of Constantinople, born to his second wife Zoe Zaoutzaina.[7] Charles Constantine would thus have been given names reflecting his paternal and maternal imperial heritage.[8] However, it is still questioned whether the planned marriage ever took place,[9] and there are chronological difficulties (not insurmountable in the opinion of Previté-Orton) in making Anna the mother of Charles Constantine.[7] Richerus suggested that the ancestry of Charles Constantine was tainted by illegitimacy back to five generations,[7] although the meaning of this is disputed. Most of the scholars accept that Charles Constantine was Anna's son.[10][11][12]
References and Notes
- ^ Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Death and Life in the Tenth Century, (The University of Michigan Press, 1967), 58.
- ^ Burgundy and Provence, Constance Brittain Bouchard, The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024, ed. Timothy Reuter, Rosamond McKitterick, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 334-335.
- ^ C.W. Previte-Orton, The Early History of the House of Savoy, (Cambridge University Press, 1912), 104 note6.
- ^ a b c d Constance Brittain Bouchard, Those of My Blood: Creating Noble Families in Medieval Francia, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), 82.
- ^ a b c Reginald L. Poole, "Burgundian Notes", English Historical Review, 27(1912):299—309.
- ^ C. W. Previté Orton, "Italy and Provence, 900—950", English Historical Review, 32(1917):335—47.
- ^ a b c d C. W. Previté Orton, "Charles Constantine of Vienne", English Historical Review, 29(1914):703—9.
- ^ Christian Settipani, Nos Ancêtres de l' Antiquité, p. 6-7
- ^ Shepard, Jonathan, The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire, Cambridge University Press, 2008, pg. 423
- ^ Rosamond McKitterick; Timothy Reuter (1995). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521364478.
- ^ Adelbert Davids (2002). The Empress Theophano Byzantium and the West at the Turn of the First Millennium. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 9780521524674.
- ^ Pierre Riché (1993). The Carolingians A Family Who Forged Europe. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 374. ISBN 0812213424.
Sources
- Dictionnaire de Biographie Française. Roman d'Amat and R. Limousin-Lamothe (ed). Paris, 1967.