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Coast Miwok language: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Extinct Miwok language of California, US}}
{{Short description|Extinct Miwok language of California, US}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name= Coast Miwok
| name = Coast Miwok
|states=[[United States]]
| states = [[United States]]
|region=[[California]]
| region = [[California]]
|ethnicity=[[Coast Miwok people|Coast Miwok]]
| ethnicity = [[Coast Miwok people|Coast Miwok]]
|extinct=1978 with the death of [[Sarah Ballard (Miwok)|Sarah Ballard]]
| extinct = 1978, with the death of Sarah Ballard
|ref=e25
| ref = e25
|familycolor=American
| familycolor = American
|fam1=[[Yok-Utian]]
| fam1 = [[Yok-Utian]]
|fam2=[[Utian]]
| fam2 = [[Utian]]
|fam3=[[Miwokan languages|Miwokan]]
| fam3 = [[Miwokan languages|Miwokan]]
|fam4=Western
| fam4 = Western
|iso3=csi
| iso3 = csi
|glotto=coas1301
| glotto = coas1301
|glottorefname=Coast Miwok
| glottorefname = Coast Miwok
| speakers2 = 1 (1994)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hinton |first=Leanne |title=Flutes of fire: essays on California Indian languages |date=1996 |publisher=Heyday Books |isbn=978-0-930588-62-5 |edition=2nd print., rev |location=[[Berkeley, California]]}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''Coast Miwok''' was one of the [[Miwok language|Miwok]] languages spoken in [[California]], from [[San Francisco Bay]] to [[Bodega Bay]].<ref>{{e18|csi|Coast Miwok}}</ref> The [[Marin County|Marin]] and Bodega varieties may have been separate languages. All of the population has shifted to [[English language|English]].
'''Coast Miwok''' was one of the [[Miwok language|Miwok]] languages spoken in [[California]], from [[San Francisco Bay]] to [[Bodega Bay]].<ref>{{e18|csi|Coast Miwok}}</ref> The [[Marin County|Marin]] and Bodega varieties may have been separate languages. All of the population has shifted to English.


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
According to Catherine A. Callaghan's ''Bodega Miwok Dictionary'', nouns have the following [[noun case|case]]s, expressed with suffixes: present [[subjective case|subjective]], [[possessive]], [[allative]], [[locative]], [[ablative]], [[instrumental case|instrumental]], and [[comitative]]. Sentences are most commonly [[subject-verb-object]], but Callaghan says that "syntax is relatively free".<ref name=":0" />
According to Catherine A. Callaghan's ''Bodega Miwok Dictionary'', nouns have the following [[noun case|case]]s, expressed with suffixes: present [[subjective case|subjective]], [[possessive]], [[allative]], [[locative]], [[ablative]], [[instrumental case|instrumental]], and [[comitative]]. Sentences are most commonly [[subject-verb-object]], but Callaghan says that "syntax is relatively free".{{sfn|Callaghan|1970}}


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 101: Line 102:
|}
|}


Phonemes in parentheses are introduced from Spanish loan words. Allophones of introduced sounds, /b ɡ/ include /β ɣ/.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Bodega Miwok Dictionary|last=Callaghan|first=Catherine A.|publisher=University of California Press|year=1970}}</ref>
Phonemes in parentheses are introduced from Spanish loan words. Allophones of introduced sounds, /b ɡ/ include /β ɣ/.{{sfn|Callaghan|1970}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

* Callaghan, Catherine A. 1970. ''Bodega Miwok Dictionary''. Berkeley: University of California Press.
=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Callaghan |first=Catherine A. |url=https://archive.org/details/bodegamiwokdicti0000call/mode/2up |title=Bodega Miwok Dictionary |publisher=University of California Press |year=1970 |location=Berkeley}}
* Coast Miwok Indians. "''Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA006''. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "''Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley''".
* Coast Miwok Indians. "''Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA006''. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "''Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley''".
* Keeling, Richard. "''Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology''," 1985. Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. v. 2. North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians
* {{Cite book |last=Keeling |first=Richard |title=Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology |publisher=Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California |year=1985 |volume=2: North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians |location=Berkeley}}
{{refend}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 142: Line 147:


[[Category:Coast Miwok]]
[[Category:Coast Miwok]]
[[Category:Utian languages]]
[[Category:Miwok languages]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of North America]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of North America]]
[[Category:History of the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:History of the San Francisco Bay Area]]

Latest revision as of 20:05, 4 November 2024

Coast Miwok
Native toUnited States
RegionCalifornia
EthnicityCoast Miwok
Extinct1978, with the death of Sarah Ballard[1]
1 (1994)[2]
Yok-Utian
Language codes
ISO 639-3csi
Glottologcoas1301
ELPCoast Miwok

Coast Miwok was one of the Miwok languages spoken in California, from San Francisco Bay to Bodega Bay.[3] The Marin and Bodega varieties may have been separate languages. All of the population has shifted to English.

Grammar

[edit]

According to Catherine A. Callaghan's Bodega Miwok Dictionary, nouns have the following cases, expressed with suffixes: present subjective, possessive, allative, locative, ablative, instrumental, and comitative. Sentences are most commonly subject-verb-object, but Callaghan says that "syntax is relatively free".[4]

Phonology

[edit]

The following is the Bodega dialect:

Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Stop plain p t̪ ⟨t⟩ t̠ ⟨ṭ⟩ k ʔ ⟨'⟩
voiced (b) (d) (ɡ)
Affricate tʃ ⟨c⟩
Fricative (f) s ʃ ⟨ṣ⟩ h
Tap (ɾ) ⟨r⟩
Approximant w l j ⟨y⟩

Phonemes in parentheses are introduced from Spanish loan words. Allophones of introduced sounds, /b ɡ/ include /β ɣ/.[4]

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Hinton, Leanne (1996). Flutes of fire: essays on California Indian languages (2nd print., rev ed.). Berkeley, California: Heyday Books. ISBN 978-0-930588-62-5.
  3. ^ Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  4. ^ a b Callaghan 1970.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Callaghan, Catherine A. (1970). Bodega Miwok Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Coast Miwok Indians. "Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA006. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley".
  • Keeling, Richard (1985). Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology. Vol. 2: North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians. Berkeley: Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California.
[edit]
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