Editing Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)

{{Short description|Marvel Comics fictional character}}
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{{Infobox comics character
| character_name = Daredevil
| image          = Daredevil 65.jpg
| caption        = Promotional art for ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' vol. 2, #65<br>(September 2004).<br>Art by [[Greg Land]].
| publisher      = [[Marvel Comics]]
| debut          = ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' #1<br>(April 1964)
| creators       = [[Stan Lee]] (writer)<br>[[Bill Everett]] (artist)
| alter_ego      = Matthew Michael Murdock
| species        = Human mutate
| homeworld      = [[Hell's Kitchen]], [[New York City]]
| alliances      = [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]]<br>[[The New Avengers (comics)|New Avengers]]<br>[[Defenders (comics)|Defenders]]<br>[[Marvel Knights#Team|Marvel Knights]]<br>[[Chaste (Marvel Comics)|The Chaste]]<br>[[The Hand (comics)|The Hand]]
| partners       = [[Elektra (character)|Elektra]]<br>[[Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)|Black Widow]]
| aliases        = Man Without Fear<ref>Daredevil #1 (April, 1964)</ref><br>Jack Batlin<ref>Daredevil #327 (April, 1984)</ref><br>Mike Murdock<ref>Daredevil #25 (February, 1967)</ref><br>Scarlet Swashbuckler<ref>Daredevil #69 (October, 1970)</ref><br>[[Heimdall (comics)|God Without Fear]]<ref>''War of the Realms'' #3. Marvel Comics.</ref>
| powers         = *Superhuman senses, agility, reflexes, stamina, coordination, and balance
*[[Human echolocation|Echolocative]] radar sense
*Master martial artist, hand-to-hand combatant, and stick fighter
*Expertise in [[criminology]], criminal law, and police procedures
*Utilizes [[club (weapon)|billy club]] with multi-purpose functions
*Expert acrobat and gymnast
}}
'''Daredevil''' is a [[superhero]] appearing in [[American comic book]]s published by [[Marvel Comics]]. Created by [[Literary editor|writer-editor]] [[Stan Lee]] and artist [[Bill Everett]], with an unspecified amount of input from [[Jack Kirby]], the character first appeared in ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' #1 (April 1964).<ref name="thejackfaq4" /> 

Daredevil is the alias of '''Matthew Michael''' "'''Matt'''" '''Murdock''', a lawyer blinded in childhood in a chemical accident that gave him special abilities. He is commonly known by such [[epithets]] as "Hornhead",<ref>{{Cite web|title='Man Without Fear': Daredevil in Transition|url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/man-without-fear-daredevil-in-transition|access-date=2021-12-09|website=Marvel Entertainment|language=en}}</ref> "The Man Without Fear",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shdictionary.tripod.com/superheroes/daredevil.html |title=Daredevil |last=Rezvan-Mojarrad |first=Sohrab |year=2002 |work=The Superhero Dictionary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113142358/http://shdictionary.tripod.com/superheroes/daredevil.html |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 3, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> and "The Devil of Hell's Kitchen".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/tv/25608/return_to_hells_kitchen_in_exclusive_marvels_daredevil_poster_photos |title=Return to Hell's Kitchen in Exclusive ''Marvel's Daredevil'' Poster & Photos |last=Cavanaugh |first=Patrick |date=January 8, 2016 |publisher=Marvel Comics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113232704/http://marvel.com/news/tv/25608/return_to_hells_kitchen_in_exclusive_marvels_daredevil_poster_photos |archive-date=January 13, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=June 28, 2016 |df=mdy }}</ref> While growing up in [[New York City]]'s [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]], a crime-ridden, [[working class|working-class]], [[Irish-American]] neighborhood, Murdock pushes a man from the path of an oncoming truck and is blinded by a [[Radioactive contamination|radioactive]] substance that falls from the vehicle. His exposure to the radioactive material heightens his remaining senses beyond normal human ability and gives him a "radar sense." His father, a boxer named [[Jack Murdock (character)|Jack Murdock]], is a single man raising his now-blind son to form a better life for himself. Jack is killed by gangsters after refusing to [[Match fixing|throw a fight]], leaving Matt an orphan. He hones his physical abilities and superhuman senses under the tutelage of a mysterious blind stranger named [[Stick (comics)|Stick]], eventually becoming a highly skilled and expert martial artist.

Some years later, after graduating from [[Columbia Law School]], Murdock seeks out the criminal element in Hell's Kitchen and begins to fight crime. He targets the local gangsters who murdered his father and succeeds in bringing them to justice. Eventually, in somewhat of a juxtaposition to his [[Catholic]] upbringing, Matt dons a costumed attire modeled after a devil and takes up a dual life of fighting against the criminal underworld in New York City as the masked vigilante Daredevil, which puts him in conflict with many super-villains, including his arch-enemies [[Bullseye (comics)|Bullseye]] and the [[Kingpin (character)|Kingpin]].<ref name="debut">{{Cite comic | Writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] | Penciller=[[Bill Everett|Everett, Bill]] | Inker=[[Steve Ditko|Ditko, Steve]] | Story=The Origin of Daredevil | Title=Daredevil | Issue=1 | date=April 1964 | Publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]}}</ref> He also becomes a skilled and respected lawyer who forms the law firm Nelson & Murdock with [[Foggy Nelson|Franklin "Foggy" Nelson]], his best friend and roommate. He subsequently meets his ex-girlfriend [[Elektra (character)|Elektra]], who has become a fearsome ninja assassin.

Writer/artist [[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]]'s influential tenure on the title in the early 1980s cemented the character as a popular and influential part of the [[Marvel Universe]]. Miller introduced elements of [[film noir]] and [[List of ninja films|ninja films]], and subsequent writers for the title have continued these themes and imagery. ''Daredevil'' is a critically acclaimed series, and has won multiple [[Eisner Award|Eisner Awards]], in particular for authors [[Brian Michael Bendis]], [[Ed Brubaker]], and [[Mark Waid]].

Daredevil is a prominent example of a [[Disability|disabled]] superhero, and has served as inspiration and positive representation for the blind and their advocates. He has appeared in various forms of media, including films and TV series. The character was first portrayed in live action by [[Rex Smith (entertainer)|Rex Smith]] in the 1989 [[television film]] ''[[The Trial of the Incredible Hulk]]'', and then by [[Ben Affleck]] in the 2003 film ''[[Daredevil (film)|Daredevil]]''. [[Charlie Cox]] portrays [[Matt Murdock (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|the character]] in the [[Marvel Television]] series ''[[Daredevil (TV series)|Daredevil]]'' (2015–2018). He reprises the role in the [[miniseries]] ''[[The Defenders (miniseries)|The Defenders]]'' (2017), the [[Marvel Studios]] film ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' (2021), and the [[Disney+]] television series ''[[She-Hulk: Attorney at Law]]'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://collider.com/she-hulk-daredevil-writer-director-interview-sdcc/|title= 'She-Hulk': Charlie Cox's Daredevil Confirmed for Series By Filmmakers|work=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|first=Therese|last=Lacson|date=26 July 2022|accessdate=1 August 2022}}</ref> and ''[[Echo (miniseries)|Echo]]'' (2024). Cox will return in ''[[Daredevil: Born Again]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paige |first=Rachel |date=May 17, 2022 |title='Echo': Alaqua Cox Returns to the MCU as Maya Lopez in First-Look Image |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/echo-alaqua-cox-maya-lopez-first-image |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517150818/https://www.marvel.com/articles/tv-shows/echo-alaqua-cox-maya-lopez-first-image |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |access-date=May 17, 2022 |website=[[Marvel.com]]}}</ref>

==Publication history==
{{further|List of Daredevil titles}}
{{further|Daredevil collected editions}}

===Creation===
According to [[Steve Ditko]], Stan Lee presented the proposition of launching a new ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' series, offering the option to resurrect the [[Daredevil (Lev Gleason Publications)|original character]] or craft a novel one, provided it bore some resemblance to [[Spider-Man]]. He declined the assignment, citing his existing commitments. Faced with the unavailability of Ditko, Lee sought the creative input of [[Jack Kirby]] to design the envisioned new character. Kirby's initial design sheet formed the basis for the majority of the final cover image, although numerous alterations were made during the process.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tombrevoort.com/2020/12/05/lee-kirby-ditko-everett-brodsky-the-long-road-to-daredevil-1/ | title=Lee & Kirby & Ditko & Everett & Brodsky: The Long Road to DAREDEVIL #1 | date=December 5, 2020 }}</ref> Paul Young indicates that the basic concept of the character as a heroic blind vigilante is probably inspired by the symbol and motif of [[Lady_Justice#Blindfold|blind justice]].<ref>Young, p. 22.</ref> The character was generally considered second-string in Marvel's pantheon of heroes, and had low commercial viability, for the first decade and a half of his existence, prior to Miller's re-invention.<ref>Young, p. 26-27.</ref>

===1960s===
[[File:Daredevil splashpage - number 1.png|thumb|upright|left|Splash page of the first issue of ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' (April 1964) features the hero in his original costume. Art by [[Jack Kirby]] (penciler) and [[Bill Everett]] (inker).<ref name="thejackfaq4" />]]
The character debuted in [[Marvel Comics]]' ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' #1 ([[cover date]] April 1964),<ref name=gcd-dd1>{{gcdb series|id= 1636|title= Daredevil ''(Marvel, 1964 series)''}}</ref> created by writer-editor [[Stan Lee]] and artist [[Bill Everett]],<ref>{{cite book|last1 = DeFalco|first1 = Tom|author-link = Tom DeFalco|last2 = Gilbert|first2 = Laura|chapter= 1960s|title = Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History|publisher = [[Dorling Kindersley]]|year = 2008|location= London, United Kingdom|page = 100|isbn =978-0756641238|quote= Stan Lee chose the name Daredevil because it evoked swashbucklers and circus daredevils, and he assigned Bill Everett, the creator of the Sub-Mariner to design and draw ''Daredevil'' #1.}}</ref> with character design input from [[Jack Kirby]], who devised Daredevil's billy club.<ref name="thejackfaq4"/> Writer and [[comics historian]] [[Mark Evanier]] has suggested without confirmation that Kirby also designed the basic image of Daredevil's initial costume, though Everett modified it.<ref name="thejackfaq4"/> That original costume design was a combination of black, yellow, and red, reminiscent of acrobat tights.<ref name="debut"/>

The first issue covered both the character's origins and his desire for justice on the man who had killed his father, boxer [[Jack Murdock (comics)|"Battling Jack" Murdock]], who raised young Matthew Murdock in the [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]] neighborhood of [[Manhattan]], New York City. Jack instills in Matt the importance of education and nonviolence with the aim of seeing his son become a better man than himself. In the course of saving a blind man from the path of an oncoming truck, Matt is blinded by a radioactive substance that falls from the vehicle. The radioactive exposure heightens his remaining senses beyond normal human limits, and gives him a kind of "radar" sense, enabling him to detect the shape and location of objects around him. To support his son, Jack Murdock returns to boxing under the Fixer, a known gangster, and the only man willing to contract the aging boxer. When he refuses to throw a fight because his son is in the audience, he is killed by one of the Fixer's men. Having promised his father not to use violence to deal with his problems, Matt adopts a new identity who can use physical force. Adorned in a yellow and black costume made from his father's boxing robes and using his superhuman abilities, Matt confronts the killers as the superhero Daredevil, unintentionally causing the Fixer to have a fatal heart attack.<ref name="debut"/>

[[Wally Wood]] introduced Daredevil's modern red costume in issue #7,<ref name="writers">{{cite web |url=http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-writers.shtml |title=Daredevil: The Man Without Fear – Writers |first=Kuljit |last=Mithra |date=1996–2013 |publisher=ManWithoutFear.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321191654/http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-writers.shtml |archive-date=March 21, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 107</ref> which depicts Daredevil's battle against the far more powerful [[Namor|Sub-Mariner]], and has become one of the most iconic stories of the series.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Thomas|first= Roy|date= August 2011|title= Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Interview!|journal= [[Alter Ego (magazine)|Alter Ego]]|issue= 104| pages= 10, 12|publisher= [[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|location= Raleigh, North Carolina}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1= Lee|first1= Stan|chapter= In Mortal Combat with Sub-Mariner|title= The Very Best of Marvel Comics|publisher= Marvel Comics|date= 1991|page= 136|isbn= 0-87135-809-3}}</ref> In issue #8, it is revealed that his mask contains a complex radio receiver, and that his horns are both antennae to pick up radio signals and amplifiers of his own super-sensory radar blips. However, these concepts would be dropped.<ref>[https://bigcomicpage.com/2023/02/13/the-devils-double-reviewing-daredevil-8-from-1965-and-2023/ The Devil's Double – Reviewing Daredevil #8 from 1965 and 2023]</ref>

Daredevil embarks on a series of adventures involving such villains as the [[Owl (Marvel Comics)|Owl]], [[Stilt-Man]], the [[Gladiator (Melvin Potter)|Gladiator]], and the [[Enforcers (comics)|Enforcers]]. In issue #16 (May 1966), he meets [[Spider-Man]], who will eventually become one of Daredevil's closest friends.<ref name="daredevilvol1#16">{{Cite comic | Writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] | Penciller=[[John Romita Sr.|Romita, John Sr.]] | Inker=[[Frank Giacoia|Giacoia, Frank]] | Story=Enter... Spider-Man! | Title=Daredevil | Issue=16 | date=May 1966 | Publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]}}</ref> A letter from Spider-Man unintentionally exposes Daredevil's secret identity, compelling him to adopt a third identity as his twin brother Mike Murdock,<ref name="daredevilvol1#25">{{Cite comic |Writer= Lee, Stan| Penciller=[[Gene Colan|Colan, Gene]] | Inker=Giacoia, Frank| Story=Enter: the Leap-Frog! | Title=Daredevil | Issue=25 | date=January 1967 | Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref><ref>DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 120: "Matt Murdock decided to introduce his legal partner and his secretary to his identical twin brother when they began to suspect he was Daredevil. Unfortunately, he didn't have one. So, Matt pretended to be his own twin, who was a glibber and more enthusiastic party boy.</ref> whose carefree, wisecracking personality more closely resembles the Daredevil guise than the stern, studious, and emotionally-withdrawn Matt Murdock. The "Mike Murdock" plotline was used to highlight the character's quasi-[[multiple personality disorder]] (he at one point wonders whether Matt or Mike/Daredevil "is the real me"<ref name="daredevilvol1#29">{{Cite comic | Writer= Lee, Stan| Penciller= Colan, Gene| Inker=[[John Tartaglione|Tartaglione, John]] | Story=Unmasked! | Title=Daredevil | Issue=29 | date=June 1967 | Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref>). This proved confusing to readers, and was dropped in issues #41–42; Daredevil fakes Mike Murdock's death and claims he had trained a replacement Daredevil. The series' 31-issue run by writer-editor Stan Lee and penciller [[Gene Colan]] (beginning with issue #20) includes ''Daredevil'' #47, in which Murdock defends a blind [[Vietnam veteran]] against a [[frameup]]; Lee has cited it as one of the favorite stories of his career.<ref>{{cite book|last = McLaughlin|first = Jeff|title = Stan Lee: Conversations|publisher = [[University Press of Mississippi]]|year = 2007|location= Jackson, Mississippi|page = 185|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zLmB3GprtboC&q=Stan+Lee+most+proud+of&pg=PA185|isbn = 978-1578069859|quote= There was a ''Daredevil'' story about a blind guy that I loved [issue #47].}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1= Lee|first1= Stan|chapter= Brother, Take My Hand!|title=The Very Best of Marvel Comics|date=1991|publisher=Marvel Comics|page=157|isbn= 0-87135-809-3}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2017}}

Matt discloses his secret identity to his girlfriend [[Karen Page]] in issue #57.<ref>DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 138</ref> However, the revelation proves too much for her, and she breaks off the relationship.<ref name="daredevilvol1#57">{{Cite comic | Writer= Lee, Stan| Penciller= Colan, Gene| Inker=[[Syd Shores|Shores, Syd]] | Story=In the Midst of Life...! | Title=Daredevil | Issue=57 | date=October 1969 | Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> This was the first of several long-term breakups between Matt and Karen, who remains a recurring character up until her death in the late 1990s.

===1970s===
[[Gerry Conway]] took over as writer with issue #72, and turned the series in a pulp science fiction direction: a lengthy story arc centered on a robot from thousands of years in the future trying to change history. Even long-standing arch-villain the Owl was outfitted with futuristic weaponry and vehicles. Conway also moved Daredevil to [[San Francisco]] beginning with ''Daredevil'' #86, and simultaneously brought on the [[Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)|Black Widow]] as a co-star for the series.<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 155.</ref> The Black Widow served as Daredevil's crime-fighting ally as well as his lover for issues #81–124 (Nov. 1971–Aug. 1975). Issues #92-107 were published under the title ''Daredevil and the Black Widow''.

The writing and editing jobs went to [[Marv Wolfman]] with issue #124. He wrote the Black Widow out of the series and returned Daredevil to Hell's Kitchen.<ref name="back45">{{cite journal|last= Carson|first= Lex|date= December 2010|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|title= Daredevil and the Black Widow: A Swinging Couple of Crimefighters|journal= [[Back Issue!]]|issue= 45|pages= 31–38|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing}}</ref> Wolfman promptly introduced the lively but emotionally fragile [[Heather Glenn]] to replace the Black Widow as Daredevil's love interest. Wolfman's 20-issue run included the introduction of one of Daredevil's most popular villains, [[Bullseye (comics)|Bullseye]],<ref>[[Peter Sanderson|Sanderson, Peter]] "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 175: In March [1976], writer Marv Wolfman and artist Bob Brown co-created one of the Man Without Fear's greatest nemeses, Bullseye.</ref> and a story arc in which [[Jester (Marvel Comics)|the Jester]] uses computer-generated images to manipulate the mass media. With issue #144, [[Jim Shooter]] became the writer and introduced [[Paladin (comics)|Paladin]] in issue #150 (Jan. 1978).<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 184</ref> Shooter had difficulty keeping up with the schedule, and the writing chores were shortly turned over to [[Roger McKenzie (comics)|Roger McKenzie]].<ref name="ShooterInt">{{cite web |url=http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/Shooter |title=Interview With Jim Shooter |first=Kuljit |last=Mithra |date=July 1998 |publisher=ManWithoutFear.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321191517/http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/Shooter |archive-date=March 21, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=April 7, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref>

McKenzie's work on Daredevil reflected his background in horror comics, and the stories and even the character himself took on a much darker tone: Daredevil battled a personification of death,<ref name="daredevilvol1#156">{{Cite comic | Writer=[[Roger McKenzie (comics)|McKenzie, Roger]] | Penciller= Colan, Gene| Inker=[[Klaus Janson|Janson, Klaus]] | Story=Ring of Death! | Title=Daredevil | Issue=156 | date=January 1979 | Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> [[Death-Stalker|one of his archenemies]] was bifurcated by a tombstone,<ref name="daredevilvol1#158">{{Cite comic | Writer=McKenzie, Roger| Penciller=[[Frank Miller (comics)|Miller, Frank]] | Inker=Janson, Klaus| Story=A Grave Mistake! | Title=Daredevil | Issue=158 | date=May 1979 | Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> and a re-envisioning of Daredevil's origin showed him using stalker tactics to drive the Fixer to his fatal heart attack.<ref name="daredevilvol1#164">{{Cite comic | Writer= McKenzie, Roger| Penciller=Miller, Frank| Inker=Janson, Klaus| Story= Exposé | Title=Daredevil | Issue=164 | date=May 1980 | Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> McKenzie created chain-smoking ''[[Daily Bugle]]'' reporter [[Ben Urich]], who deduces Daredevil's secret identity over the course of issues #153–163,<ref>Manning "1970s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 102: "''The Daily Bugle'' gained one of its finest writers when Ben Urich was introduced, thanks to writer Roger McKenzie and penciler Gene Colan."</ref> and had Daredevil using the criminal underworld of Hell's Kitchen as an information network, adding several small-time crooks to the supporting cast. Halfway through his run, McKenzie was joined by penciller [[Frank Miller]] with issue #158 (May 1979).<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 189: In this issue, the great longtime ''Daredevil'' artist Gene Colan was succeeded by a new penciller who would become a star himself: Frank Miller.</ref>

In a story arc overlapping Wolfman, Shooter, and McKenzie's runs on the series, Daredevil reveals his identity to Glenn and becomes partially responsible for the suicide of her father. Their relationship would persist, but proves increasingly harmful to both of them. Though the Black Widow returned for a dozen issues (#155–166) and attempted to rekindle her romance with Daredevil, he ultimately rejects her in favor of Glenn.

===1980s===
Miller disliked Roger McKenzie's scripts,<ref name="ShooterInt"/> so new editor [[Dennis O'Neil]] fired McKenzie so that Miller could write the series.<ref name="O'NeilInt">{{cite web |url=http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/ONeil |title=Interview With Dennis O'Neil |first=Kuljit |last=Mithra |date=February 1998 |publisher=ManWithoutFear.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321185605/http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/ONeil |archive-date=March 21, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=April 7, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref> In this period, Miller modeled Matt Murdock's appearance on the actor [[Robert Redford]].<ref>"The Frank Miller/Klaus Janson Interview," Peter Sanderson, reprinted in Miller and Janson, p. 779.</ref> Miller's initial run, first as penciler, then writer/penciler, and last a writer and layout artist begins in May 1979 and ends in February 1983. During this period, circulation doubled, to average sales of 276,812 copies per month. The series made Miller a star in the industry.<ref>Young, p. 8.</ref> Miller took writing inspiration from [[hardboiled]] [[crime fiction]] as well as the superhero comic tradition.<ref>Young, p. 17.</ref> For example, he draws on techniques of suspense, dramatic irony, and ambiguous characterization adopted from [[Raymond Chandler]].<ref>Young, p. 59.</ref>

[[File:Daredevil cover - number 184.jpeg|thumb|upright|Cover of ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' #184 (July 1982). Art by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson.]]
Miller continued the title in a similar vein to McKenzie. Resuming the drastic metamorphosis the previous writer had begun, Miller took the step of essentially ignoring all of Daredevil's continuity prior to his run on the series; on the occasions where older villains and supporting cast were used, their characterizations and history with Daredevil were reworked or overwritten. Most prominently, dedicated and loving father Jack Murdock was reimagined as a drunkard who [[physical abuse|physically abused]] his son Matt, entirely revising Daredevil's reasons for becoming a lawyer.<ref name="daredevilvol1#191">{{Cite comic | Writer=Miller, Frank | Penciller=Miller, Frank| Inker=[[Terry Austin (comics)|Austin, Terry]] | Story= Roulette | Title=Daredevil | Issue=191 | date=May 1980 | Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> [[Spider-Man]] villain [[Kingpin (character)|Kingpin]] was introduced as Daredevil's new primary nemesis, displacing most of his large rogues gallery. Daredevil himself was gradually developed into something of an [[antihero]]. In issue #181 (April 1982), he attempts to murder Bullseye by throwing him off a tall building; when the villain survives as a [[quadriplegic]], he breaks into his hospital room and tries to scare him to death by playing a two-man variation on [[Russian roulette]] with a secretly unloaded gun.<ref name="daredevilvol1#191"/>

Although still conforming to traditional comic book styles, Miller infused his first issue of ''Daredevil'' with his own [[film noir]] style.<ref name="ICv2">Flinn, Tom. "Writer's Spotlight: Frank Miller: Comics' Noir Auteur," ''ICv2: Guide to Graphic Novels'' #40 (Q1 2007).</ref> Miller sketched the roofs of New York in an attempt to give his ''Daredevil'' art an authentic feel not commonly seen in superhero comics at the time. Miller cited [[Will Eisner]] and [[Jean Giraud|Moebius]], from the comics tradition, and filmmakers [[Orson Welles]], [[Fritz Lang]], and [[Alfred Hitchcock]] as inspirations.<ref>Miller and Janson, p. 775, 786.</ref> One journalist commented:{{blockquote|text=Daredevil's New York, under Frank's run, became darker and more dangerous than the Spider-Man New York he'd seemingly lived in before. New York City itself, particularly Daredevil's [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]] neighborhood, became as much a character as the shadowy crimefighter; the stories often took place on the rooftop level, with water towers, pipes and chimneys jutting out to create a skyline reminiscent of [[German Expressionism]]'s dramatic edges and shadows.<ref>Irving in NYCGraphicNovelists.com</ref>}}

Following up a suggestion from O'Neil that he give Daredevil a realistic fighting style,<ref>{{cite news |author=Kraft, David Anthony |author2=Salicup, Jim |author-link=David Anthony Kraft |author-link2=Jim Salicrup |date=April 1983 |title=Frank Miller's Ronin|work=[[Comics Interview]] |issue=2 |pages=7–21 |publisher=[[Fictioneer Books]]}}</ref> Miller introduced [[ninja]]s into the Daredevil canon, bringing a martial-arts aspect to Daredevil's fighting skills, and introducing previously unseen characters who had played a major part in his youth: [[Stick (comics)|Stick]], leader of the ninja clan, the [[Chaste (Marvel Comics)|Chaste]], who had been Murdock's [[sensei]] after he was blinded;<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 202: "Possibly modeled after Nantembo, a Zen master who reputedly disciplined his students by striking them with his nantin staff, Stick first appeared in this issue [#176] by Frank Miller."</ref> a rival organization of assassins called the [[Hand (comics)|Hand]];<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 202: The Hand was a league of ninja assassins who employed dark magic...Introduced in ''Daredevil'' #174 by writer/artist Frank Miller, this group of deadly warriors had been hired by the Kingpin of Crime to exterminate Matt Murdock."</ref> and [[Elektra (comics)|Elektra]], an ex-girlfriend and sometime member of the Hand.<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 201: "Matt Murdock's college sweetheart first appeared in this issue [#168] by writer/artist Frank Miller."</ref> This was a drastic change for a character once called "the sightless [[swashbuckler]]." <!--following is POV; needs a cite: The focus of a ninja's control of the inner self-served as a counterbalance to the emerging themes of anger and torment.--> Elektra was killed by Bullseye in issue #181 (April 1982).<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 207: "Frank Miller did the unthinkable when he killed off the popular Elektra in ''Daredevil'' #181...[This issue] immediately sold out in comic book stores and sent fans and retailers to raid mass-market newsstands for all the remaining copies."</ref>

[[File:6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi27.jpg|thumb|left|Artist [[John Romita Jr.]], signing a copy of issue 254 of the series at [[Midtown Comics]] in Manhattan]]
After #191 Miller left the series. O'Neil switched from editor to writer.<ref name="O'NeilInt"/> He continued McKenzie and Miller's noir take on the series, but backed away from the antihero depiction of the character by having him not only spare Bullseye's life but express guilt over his two previous attempts to kill him. Miller returned as the title's regular writer, co-writing #226 with O'Neil. Miller and artist [[David Mazzucchelli]] crafted the acclaimed "[[Born Again (comics)|Born Again]]" storyline in #227–233.<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 226: "'Born Again' was a seven-issue story arc that appeared in ''Daredevil'' from issue #227 to #233 (Feb.&nbsp;– Aug. 1986)."</ref> In the ''Born Again'' storyline, Karen Page returns as a heroin-addicted porn star, and sells Daredevil's secret identity for drug money. The Kingpin acquires the information and, in an act of revenge, orchestrates a frameup that costs Murdock his attorney's license. Miller ended the arc on a positive note, with Murdock reuniting with both Karen Page and [[Maggie Murdock|Maggie]], the mother he thought dead, now a nun. Miller's period of authorship was enormously commercially successful; his story arcs on ''Daredevil'' were the only sales competition for [[Chris Claremont]]'s ''[[Uncanny X-Men]]'', the consistent top seller in the 1980s.<ref> Deman, J. Andrew (2023). ''The Claremont Run: Subverting Gender in the X-Men''. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-3075-3. p. 6.</ref>

[[Ann Nocenti]] later became the series's longest-running regular writer, with a four-and-a-quarter-year run from #238–291 (Jan. 1987&nbsp;– April 1991). In this period, Murdock returns to law by co-founding with Page a nonprofit drug and legal clinic. Nocenti crafted stories confronting [[feminism]], [[drug abuse]], [[nuclear proliferation]], and [[animal rights]]-inspired terrorism. She introduced the antagonist [[Typhoid Mary (character)|Typhoid Mary]],<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 237: "Mary was first introduced in ''Daredevil'' #254 by [writer] Ann Nocenti and artist John Romita Jr."</ref> and in issues #262–265 used [[Inferno (Marvel Comics)|the Inferno event]] as a backdrop for the collapse of Daredevil's life: the clinic is destroyed, Page goes missing after learning that Matt has had an affair with Mary Walker, and Walker reveals herself as the alter ego of Typhoid Mary. Murdock subsequently becomes a [[drifter (person)|drifter]] in [[upstate New York]], an especially controversial move in Nocenti's run, as it marked the first time the character had been taken outside of an urban environment. She ended her run with a positive turn in Murdock's fortunes. He returns to Hell's Kitchen, regains his sense of self, reconciles with Foggy Nelson, and resolves to seek out Karen Page.

===1990s===
New writer [[D. G. Chichester]] continued from where Nocenti left off, with Murdock resuming his friendship with [[Foggy Nelson]], struggling to re-win the heart of Karen Page, appealing the revocation of his attorney's license, and bonding more deeply than ever with Hell's Kitchen. Chichester's focus on Daredevil's relationship with New York City went so far as to have two issues devoted entirely to Daredevil defending New Yorkers from ordinary criminals and even simple accidents. The critically acclaimed "Last Rites" arc from #297–300 saw Daredevil regaining his attorney's license and finally bringing the Kingpin to justice.<ref>Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 258: "Culminating in the anniversary 300th issue, Daredevil would finally gain the upper hand against longtime foe Wilson Fisk (the Kingpin) in this moody tale by writer D. G. Chichester and penciller Lee Weeks."</ref>

[[Frank Miller]] returned to the character and his origins with the 1993 five-issue ''[[Daredevil: The Man Without Fear]]'' miniseries.<ref>Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 264: "Comic legends Frank Miller and John Romita Jr. united to tell a new version of Daredevil's origin in this carefully crafted five-issue miniseries."</ref> With artist [[John Romita Jr.]], Miller expanded his [[retcon]] of the life and death of Murdock's father, "Battling Jack" Murdock, and Murdock's first encounters with the Kingpin and Foggy Nelson.<ref name="man without fear">{{Cite book |first= Frank|last= Miller|author-link= Frank Miller (comics)|author2=Romita, John Jr. |author-link2= John Romita Jr.| title= Daredevil: The Man Without Fear|publisher= Marvel Comics|page= 160|year= 1994|isbn= 978-0752208978}}</ref> The role of [[Stick (comics)|Stick]] in the genesis of Daredevil was expanded, as was Murdock's doomed love affair with Elektra.

The creative team of Chichester and penciler [[Scott McDaniel]] changed the ''status quo'' with their "Fall From Grace" storyline in issues #319–325 (Aug. 1993&nbsp;– Feb. 1994).<ref>Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 263</ref> [[Elektra (comics)|Elektra]], who was resurrected in #190 but had not been seen since, finally returned. An injured Daredevil creates a more protective costume from biomimetic materials: red and gray with white armor on the shoulders and knee pads. Revamped billy clubs could attach to form [[nunchucks]] or a [[bo staff]]. His secret identity becomes public knowledge, leading to him fake his own death and assume the new identity of "Jack Batlin". This new identity and costume last for several story arcs, while Murdock finds a way to convince the world that he is not, in fact, secretly Daredevil (courtesy of a double). A short stint by [[J. M. DeMatteis]] returned Daredevil to his traditional red costume and Matt Murdock's identity.

Under writers [[Karl Kesel]] and later [[Joe Kelly (comics)|Joe Kelly]], the title gained a lighter tone, with Daredevil returning to the lighthearted, wisecracking hero depicted by earlier writers. Matt and Foggy (who now knows of Matt's dual identities) join a law firm run by Foggy's mother, Rosalind Sharpe.

In 1998, ''Daredevil''{{'}}s numbering was rebooted, with the title "canceled" with issue #380 and revived a month later as part of the [[Marvel Knights]] imprint.<ref>{{gcdb series|id= 6026|title= Daredevil ''vol. 2''}}</ref> [[Joe Quesada]] drew the new series, written by filmmaker [[Kevin Smith]].<ref>Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 290: "It was a dream come true for many comic fans. Kevin Smith, the writer/director of such cult films as ''Clerks'', ''Mallrats'', and ''Chasing Amy''...had been hired by Marvel to write ''Daredevil'', a character whose title many thought could use a major facelift."</ref> Its first story arc, "[[Guardian Devil]]", depicts Daredevil struggling to protect a child whom he is told could either be the [[Messiah]] or the [[Anti-Christ]]. Murdock experiences a crisis of faith exacerbated by the discovery that Karen Page has AIDS (later revealed to be a hoax) and her subsequent death at [[Bullseye (comics)|Bullseye]]'s hands.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Smith, Kevin|penciller= Quesada, Joe|inker= Palmiotti, Jimmy|story= Guardian Devil Part 8: The Devil's Deliverance|title= Daredevil|volume= 2|issue= 7|date= May 1999}}</ref> When he discovers that the true party responsible for the scheme is [[Mysterio]], who is currently dying of cancer, he leaves Mysterio to commit suicide, deciding to use the money Karen left him in her will to re-open Nelson & Murdock.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Smith, Kevin|penciller= Quesada, Joe|inker= Palmiotti, Jimmy|story= Guardian Devil Part 8: The Devil's Deliverance|title= Daredevil|volume= 2|issue= 8|date= June 1999}}</ref>

Smith was succeeded by writer-artist [[David W. Mack|David Mack]], who contributed the seven-issue "Parts of a Hole" (vol. 2, #9–15). The arc introduced Maya Lopez, also known as [[Echo (Marvel Comics)|Echo]], a [[deaf]] martial artist.

===2000s===
David Mack brought colleague [[Brian Michael Bendis]] to Marvel to co-write the following arc, "Wake Up" in vol. 2, #16–19 (May 2001&nbsp;– August 2001),<ref>Manning "2000s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 305: "Writer Brian Michael Bendis began his impressive run on the ''Daredevil'' title with a small character-driven four-part story, teaming with his old friend David Mack."</ref> which follows reporter [[Ben Urich]] as he investigates the aftereffects of a fight between Daredevil and the new [[Leap-Frog (comics)|Leap-Frog]].

The 2001 ''Daredevil: Yellow'' miniseries presented another take on Daredevil's origins using letters written to Karen Page after her death. The series depicts the early rivalry between Matt Murdock and Foggy Nelson for Page's affection, and incorporates many events depicted in the earliest issues of ''Daredevil''. The supervillains the Owl and the [[Purple Man]] appear as [[antagonist]]s. In this story, Daredevil credits Page with coining the phrase "The Man Without Fear", and she suggests to Daredevil he wear all maroon instead of dark red and yellow.

Issue #26 (December&nbsp;2001) brought back [[Brian Michael Bendis]]. Developments in this run included the introduction of romantic interest and future wife [[Milla Donovan]], the outing once again of Murdock's secret identity, the reemergence of the Kingpin, and Daredevil's surrender to the FBI. Bendis won an [[Eisner Awards|Eisner Award]] for Best Writer for his work on ''Daredevil'', as well as other concurrent titles, in 2002 and 2003. ''Daredevil'' by Bendis and Maleev also won the Eisner for Best Continuing Series in 2003. Bendis says he was congratulated for this achievement by Frank Miller.<ref>"Thoughts on Working with Alex Maleev," ''Daredevil by Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev Ultimate Collection'' Book 2, 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner.php |editor-first=Joel |editor-last=Hahn |title=Will Eisner Awards [1988-2007] |publisher=Comic Book Awards Almanac |access-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102132937/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner |archive-date=November 2, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The impact of the exposure of Murdock's identity as Daredevil continued as a plot point in storylines by the new creative team, writer [[Ed Brubaker]] and artist [[Michael Lark]]. Brubaker and Lark began with ''Daredevil'' vol. 2, #82 (Feb. 2006).<ref>Manning "2000s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 331: "Writer Ed Brubaker and artist Michael Lark had quite a challenge ahead of them when they took over the reins of ''Daredevil'' from the popular team of writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Alex Maleev."</ref> Brubaker says that, in his view, "Daredevil is one of the most experimental mainstream comics there is," and cited inspiration from [[noir fiction]].<ref>Interview with John Rhett Thomas, in ''Daredevil by Ed Brubaker and Michael Lark Ultimate Collection Book 1'', 2012.</ref> His first story arc had a new character masquerading as Daredevil in [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]].<ref name="darev2#87">{{Cite comic | Writer= [[Ed Brubaker|Brubaker, Ed]]|Penciller= [[Michael Lark|Lark, Michael]]|Inker= Gaudiano, Stefano|Story= The Devil in Cell Block D|Title= Daredevil|Volume= 2|Issue= 87|date= September 2006}}</ref> Murdock later discovered the ersatz Daredevil is his friend Danny Rand, the superhero [[Iron Fist (comics)|Iron Fist]].<ref name="daredevilmasked">{{cite web|url=http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=78460 |title=Spoiler Sport: Who Was That Daredevil-Masked Man? |last=Brady |first=Matt |date=July 27, 2006 |publisher=Newsarama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119212716/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=78460 |archive-date=November 19, 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 30, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> Murdock is also imprisoned in this period.<ref>Daredevil by Ed Brubaker and Michael Lark Ultimate Collection Book 1, 2012.</ref> The series returned to its original numbering with issue #500 (Oct. 2009),<ref>{{gcdb series|id= 39233|title= Daredevil ''(continuation of vol. 1)''}}</ref> which followed vol. 2, #119 (Aug. 2009). Brubaker won Eisner Awards for Best Writer for his work on ''Daredevil'' and other titles in 2007, 2008, and 2010.<ref>Image Comics on Ed Brubaker. [https://imagecomics.com/creators/ed-brubaker]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner.php |editor-first=Joel |editor-last=Hahn |title=Will Eisner Awards [1988-2007] |publisher=Comic Book Awards Almanac |access-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102132937/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner |archive-date=November 2, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2009, new writer [[Andy Diggle]] revised the status quo,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.marvel.com/news/moviestories.7311/|title= Diggle on Daredevil|first= Kiel|last= Phegley|publisher= Marvel Comics|date= March 26, 2009|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130103232918/http://www.marvel.com/news/moviestories.7311/|archive-date= January 3, 2013|url-status=dead|access-date= March 27, 2009|df= mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsarama.com/comics/030924-DD-Diggle.html |title=Moving into Hell's Kitchen: Andy Diggle Talks Daredevil |first=Matt |last=Brady |publisher=Newsarama |date=March 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914150440/http://www.newsarama.com/comics/030924-DD-Diggle.html |archive-date=September 14, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=March 27, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> with Daredevil assuming leadership of the ninja army the [[Hand (comics)|Hand]]. Daredevil later appeared in the [[one-shot (comics)|one-shot]]  ''[[Dark Reign (comics)|Dark Reign]]: The List&nbsp;– Daredevil''.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kevin |last=Mahadeo |url=http://marvel.com/news/comicstories.8591.making_the_list~colon~_andy_diggle |title=Making the List: Andy Diggle |publisher=Marvel |date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019193828/http://marvel.com/news/story/8591/making_the_list_andy_diggle |archive-date=October 19, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=June 5, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref>

===2010s===
Following this came the crossover story arc "[[Shadowland (comics)|Shadowland]]",<ref name=cbr25788>{{cite web|first= Dave|last= Richards|url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=25788|title= C2E2: Diggle Leads Daredevil into ''Shadowland''|publisher= [[Comic Book Resources]]|date= April 17, 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130419235035/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=25788|archive-date= April 19, 2013|url-status=live|access-date= June 5, 2010|df= mdy-all}}</ref> in which it is revealed that Daredevil's recent actions after taking control of the Hand are the result of him being possessed by a demon. Purged of the demon by his allies, Murdock departs New York, leaving his territory in the hands of the [[Black Panther (comics)|Black Panther]] in the briefly retitled series' ''Black Panther: Man Without Fear'' #513. Murdock finds himself renewed in the miniseries ''Daredevil: Reborn'' #1–4 (March–July 2011), where he confronts a drug dealer with the power to make his opponents live their darkest fears. He reaffirms his role as the man without fear as he confronts his enemy's taunts and resolves to return to New York.

In July 2011, ''Daredevil'' relaunched with vol. 3, #1 (Sept. 2011),<ref>{{gcdb series|id= 60120|title= Daredevil ''vol. 3''}}</ref> with writer [[Mark Waid]]. Waid focused on emphasizing the character's powers and perception of the physical world.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=32338|title= Waid, Rivera & Martin Give the ''Daredevil'' His Due|first= Dave|last= Richards|date= May 16, 2011|publisher= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130419234931/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=32338|archive-date= April 19, 2013|url-status=live|access-date= May 30, 2011|df= mdy-all}}</ref> In the premiere issue, Murdock finds he can no longer serve as a trial lawyer due to past allegations of his being Daredevil causing a case he represents in court to turn into a media circus. Two issues later, Nelson and Murdock have developed a new business strategy of serving as consulting counselors, by teaching clients how to represent themselves in court. Waid won the Eisner Award for ''Daredevil'' in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner.php |editor-first=Joel |editor-last=Hahn |title=Will Eisner Awards [1988-2007] |publisher=Comic Book Awards Almanac |access-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102132937/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisner |archive-date=November 2, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Daredevil joins the [[The New Avengers (comics)|New Avengers]] in a story written by former ''Daredevil'' series writer [[Brian Michael Bendis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/story/16071/new_avengers_devils_you_know |title=New Avengers: Devils You Know |first=Ben |last=Morse |date=June 9, 2011 |publisher=Marvel Comics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525050649/http://marvel.com/news/story/16071/new_avengers_devils_you_know |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=April 1, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Bendis, Brian Michael|penciller= [[Mike Deodato|Deodato, Mike]]|inker= Deodato, Mike|story= I Go Online|title= [[The New Avengers (comics)|The New Avengers]]|volume= 2|issue= 16|date= November 2011}}</ref> Daredevil appeared as a regular character in the 2010–2013 ''New Avengers'' series in issues #16–34 (November 2011&nbsp;– January 2013). At one point, Foggy begins to question Matt's sanity, ultimately leading to a fallout between the two.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Waid, Mark|penciller= [[Chris Samnee|Samnee, Chris]]|inker= Samnee, Chris|story= A sudden floodtide of bitter memories|title= Daredevil|volume= 3|issue= 16|date= October 2012}}</ref> They reconcile once the truth is discovered.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Waid, Mark|penciller= Samnee, Chris|inker= Samnee, Chris|story= In my time, I've thought off Kingpin, Bullseye and the Hulk|title= Daredevil|volume= 3|issue= 21|date= February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Waid, Mark|penciller= Samnee, Chris|inker= Samnee, Chris|title= Daredevil|volume= 3|issue= 22|date= March 2013}}</ref> ''Daredevil'' vol. 3 ended at issue #36 in February 2014,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=48699|title= ''Daredevil'' To Conclude With Issue #36|first= Steve|last= Sunu|date= October 23, 2013|publisher= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140818011401/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=48699|archive-date= August 18, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> in which Matt is forced to publicly reveal his Daredevil identity, resulting in his being disbarred by New York and prompting him to again relocate to San Francisco.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Waid, Mark|penciller= Samnee, Chris|inker= Samnee, Chris|story= Wow. Matt that's--|title= Daredevil|volume= 3|issue= 36|date= April 2014}}</ref>

Waid and [[Chris Samnee]] followed this up with [[Infinite Comics]]' ''Daredevil: Road Warrior'' weekly digital miniseries,<ref name="Schedeen">{{cite web |url= https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/11/26/mark-waid-returns-to-daredevil-in-march-2014|title= Mark Waid Returns to ''Daredevil'' in March 2014|first= Jesse|last= Schedeen|date= November 25, 2013|publisher= IGN|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140225160358/http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/11/26/mark-waid-returns-to-daredevil-in-march-2014|archive-date= February 25, 2014|url-status=live|quote= Marvel announced that Waid and artist Chris Samnee would be returning to helm the fourth volume of ''Daredevil''.}}</ref> which focused on an adventure during Matt's trip to San Francisco. It was reprinted as issue 0.1 in ''Daredevil'' volume 4,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://marvel.com/comics/issue/50907/daredevil_2014_0.1|title= ''Daredevil'' (2014) #0.1|date= July 2, 2014|publisher= Marvel Comics|archive-url= https://archive.today/20140707103416/http://marvel.com/comics/issue/50907/daredevil_2014_0.1|archive-date= July 7, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> which launched under Waid and Samnee with a new issue #1 (March 2014) as part of the [[All-New Marvel NOW!]] storyline centered on Matt's new life in San Francisco.<ref name="Schedeen" /><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nerdist.com/2013/11/exclusive-mark-waid-and-chris-samnee-talk-daredevil-1-for-marvel-now/|title= Exclusive: Mark Waid and Chris Samnee Talk ''Daredevil'' #1 for All-New Marvel NOW!|first= Dan|last= Casey|date= November 25, 2013|publisher= Nerdist.com|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140523215503/http://www.nerdist.com/2013/11/exclusive-mark-waid-and-chris-samnee-talk-daredevil-1-for-marvel-now/|archive-date= May 23, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Daredevil'' volume 4 ended with issue #18 in September 2015. A new volume began as part of the [[All-New, All-Different Marvel]] branding, written by [[Charles Soule]] with art by [[Ron Garney]] with the first two issues released in December 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/secret-wars-ends-a-force-totally-awesome-hulk-more-debut-in-marvels-december-2015-solicitations|title= ''Secret Wars'' Ends, ''A-Force,'' ''Totally Awesome Hulk'' & More Debut in Marvel's December 2015 Solicitations|date= September 15, 2015|publisher=Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151125002053/http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/secret-wars-ends-a-force-totally-awesome-hulk-more-debut-in-marvels-december-2015-solicitations|archive-date= November 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In this series, Matt returns to New York, where he now works as an Assistant District Attorney. He had a redesigned costume and a new apprentice in Samuel Chung, an undocumented immigrant who has been living in [[Chinatown, Manhattan|New York's Chinatown]] since he was a child, who has taken up the codename [[Blindspot (Sam Chung)|Blindspot]].<ref name="DDV51">{{cite comic|writer= Soule, Charles|penciller= Garney, Ron|inker= Garney, Ron|story= I am Matt Murdock|title= Daredevil|volume= 5|issue= 1|date= February 2016}}</ref> Flashbacks in a later story arc reveal how Matt regained his secret identity; when the Purple Children acquired a machine designed by their father to enhance his powers after Matt had saved them from a mob, they used the machine to erase the world's knowledge of Matt's identity as Daredevil, Matt only allowing Foggy to know his secret identity afterward,<ref>''Daredevil'' Vol. 5 #20</ref> enabling him to be re-instated as a New York Attorney.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Soule, Charles|penciller= Garney, Ron|inker= Garney, Ron|story= My brothers and sisters. My children.|title= Daredevil|volume= 5|issue= 2|date= February 2016}}</ref> Using his restored secret identity, Murdock is able to take advantage of a subsequent court case to establish a precedent for superheroes testifying in court without the need to expose their secret identities.<ref>''Daredevil'' (vol.5) #21-22</ref> Despite interference from the Kingpin, Murdock succeeds in taking this precedent to the Supreme Court so that all superheroes will have the same rights in future cases, and afterward returns to his traditional red costume.<ref>''Daredevil'' (vol.5) #25</ref>

Following the release of Issue 28, much like with other Marvel series as part of the ''[[Marvel Legacy]]'' event, the ''Daredevil'' series renumbered, as if it had never been relaunched, with #595 which was released on November 8, 2017, where Daredevil's longtime nemesis the Kingpin became the Mayor of New York City and begins a campaign to make costumed vigilantes officially criminals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.marvel.com/comics/78145/daredevil-storming-city-hall/|title=Daredevil: Storming City Hall|website=News - Marvel.com|access-date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> Although Murdock's attempt to set up a sting operation results in his allies being arrested when the Kingpin turns this trap against him, Fisk's legal manipulations work against him when he is attacked by the Hand, leaving Fisk in a coma and Murdock legally mayor of New York from his position as deputy mayor due to a loophole added by a prior administration that had not been amended,<ref>''Daredevil'' #600</ref> allowing Matt to take control of the city and release his fellow heroes to help him stop the Hand.<ref>''Daredevil'' #601</ref>

Throughout his career as a superpowered vigilante, Matt Murdock would often pretend to have a sighted [[Twin#Monozygotic (identical) twins|identical twin]] brother named '''Mike Murdock''', who Matt would claim was Daredevil whenever his identity was made public knowledge, and he would occasionally impersonate this fabricated twin. In 2018, Mike Murdock is actually brought into existence following Matt Murdock’s encounter with a reality-warping [[Mutant (Marvel Comics)|mutant]].

Charles Soule released his final Daredevil storyline "Death of Daredevil" during the October and November 2018 releases, in a 4-part bimonthly release which ended the series.<ref>[https://www.newsarama.com/41944-death-of-daredevil-starts-this-october.html DEATH OF DAREDEVIL Starts This October] -Newsarama</ref> Afterwards the series went on hiatus for two months and resumed distribution in February 2019, with a brand-new volume written by [[Chip Zdarsky]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsarama.com/42800-marvel-comics-february-2019-solicitations.html|title=Marvel Comics FEBRUARY 2019 Solicitations|date=June 29, 2023 |publisher=Newsarama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsarama.com/42746-daredevil-1-relaunch-coming-in-february-wait-isn-t-he-about-to-die.html|title=DAREDEVIL #1 Relaunch Coming in FEBRUARY (Wait, Isn't He About to Die?)|date=June 29, 2023 |publisher=Newsarama}}</ref> The primary artist on the series is Marco Checchetto. This new volume follows Daredevil's return to crime-fighting as he accidentally kills a robber during an arrest, leading him to doubt his status as a hero and to a confrontation with Spider-Man. Murdock later abandons his Daredevil persona and focuses on his job as a parole officer, feeling that Daredevil does not bring justice and only harms the Hell's Kitchen community. His mantle is taken up by several vigilantes trying to replace Daredevil, eventually leading Murdock to don a black variation of Daredevil's outfit and fight against the mob, which has taken over Hell's Kitchen, usurping Wilson Fisk's control over the district.

===2020s===
After he helps save Hell's Kitchen, Daredevil, still in his mask, gives himself up to police custody, stating that he wants to stand trial for his crimes but will only do so on the condition his identity is never revealed. He voluntarily confesses to the killing and is sentenced to a prison term. While Matt serves his time, Elektra takes up the Daredevil costume and protects Hell's Kitchen at his behest. In the prison, Murdock grapples with the idea that Daredevil and Matt Murdock work together to put people in prison, which he comes to see as ruining people's lives without reforming them or setting them on the right path.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/everything-that-s-happened-in-daredevil-so-far|title=Everything That's Happened in 'Daredevil' So Far |first=Blair |last=Marnell |date= June 26, 2020 |publisher=Marvel.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/daredevil-going-to-prison-marvel-comics/|title=Daredevil is Going To Prison in Marvel Comics |first=Mike|last=Cuenca|date= September 18, 2020 |publisher=Screen Rant}}</ref>

In August 2021, it was confirmed that volume 6 of the series would end in November 2021, at Issue #36.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/marvel-is-ending-zdarsky-and-checchettos-daredevil-for-now/|title=Marvel is ending Zdarsky and Checchetto's Daredevil ... for now|first=George|last=Marston|date=August 16, 2021|publisher=[[GamesRadar+]]|access-date=August 17, 2021}}</ref> The series lead into the crossover event "[[Devil's Reign]]" with the same creative team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kingpin Declares War in 'Devil's Reign' |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/daredevil-devils-reign-announcement |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Marvel Entertainment |language=en}}</ref> Following the conclusion of that series, another ''Daredevil'' series, also written by Zdarsky, was launched in July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/daredevil-marvel-relaunch/|title=Daredevil tries to atone for his and her sins in new #1 relaunch|first=Michael|last=Doran|date=January 25, 2022|publisher=[[GamesRadar+]]|access-date=January 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chip Zdarsky And Marco Checchetto Reunite For An All New Era Of Daredevil |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/chip-zdarsky-and-marco-checchetto-reunite-for-an-all-new-era-of-daredevil |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Marvel Entertainment |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DAREDEVIL #1 (APR220760) |url=https://www.previewsworld.com/Catalog/APR220760 |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=www.previewsworld.com |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2023, it was announced that volume 7 and Zdarksy's time on ''Daredevil'' would conclude with issue #14 in August 2023, with a new volume written by [[Saladin Ahmed]] and drawn by [[Aaron Kuder]] set to launch in September that same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The New Era of Daredevil Starts in Saladin Ahmed and Aaron Kuder's 'Daredevil' #1 |url=https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/daredevil-1-2023-saladin-ahmed-aaron-kuder-new-era |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Marvel Entertainment}}</ref>

==Characterization==
===Fictional character biography===
Matthew Murdock is born in Hell's Kitchen, a working-class Irish-American district of New York City. Suffering from post-partum depression, his mother, [[Maggie Murdock|Maggie]], abandons the family and becomes a nun. His father, "Battlin' Jack" Murdock, is a struggling professional boxer. Matt's father is loving but controlling and over-protective, and physically abusive on one instance. Eventually, Jack Murdock is killed in the ring. As a youth, Matt Murdock is struck by a truck carrying radioactive materials. The accident blinds him, but gives him enhanced senses that give him extraordinary perception of his environment. Matt is mentored by Stick, a mysterious sensei. Matt is driven to bring his father's killers to justice, and eventually does so. Matt attends [[Columbia University]] and meets [[Foggy Nelson]] and [[Elektra (character)|Elektra Natchios]]. Nelson becomes Murdock's best friend, and Elektra becomes Matt's first serious girlfriend. Matt and Foggy found a law firm, Nelson and Murdock. [[Karen Page]] eventually joins the firm, and becomes Nelson's girlfriend after college. Matt begins a second career as a costumed vigilante. He encounters many supervillains. He reveals his secret identity to Page, but she is anxious about the relationship and eventually leaves to pursue a career as an actress in Hollywood. Briefly, Murdock moves to San Francisco and lives with [[Natasha Romanova]], who is also a costumed adventurer under the name Black Widow. After they break up, he returns to New York and begins a relationship with Heather Glenn. However, his ex-girlfriend Elektra returns, now a mysterious and fearsome ninja. Together, they find a criminal organization called the Hand. However, she becomes an enforcer for a local crime boss, the Kingpin. She is eventually killed by a hitman, Bullseye. Karen Page has become a drug addict, and betrays Murdock's confidence by selling his secret identity to criminals. However, she returns to New York and begs forgiveness, which Murdock gives her, and she recovers from her drug addiction. She is later killed by Bullseye as well, however.<ref>Miller and Janson</ref><ref>Young</ref> Daredevil later has his secret identity revealed again, is imprisoned, runs for mayor of New York, and experiences many other adventures and misfortunes.

===Personality and motivation===
Critics have commented that Daredevil is unusually psychologically complex, by the standards of comic-book superheroes.<ref>Young, p. 47-51, 56-58.</ref>

He is highly determined and willing to make bold decisions to in order to fight crime in his city. In his public personality, as trial lawyer Matt Murdock, he also tries to defend his clients and to work within the established legal system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briceland |first=Levi |date=2022-05-18 |title=Marvel: 5 Best Lawyers, Ranked |url=https://gamerant.com/marvel-best-lawyers/ |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}</ref> Miller argues that Murdock has taken on two demanding careers (as lawyer and vigilante) because of a need to prove himself, compensating for his blindness. Miller believes that, like [[Batman]], Daredevil is driven by his concern for justice, but while Batman is primarily concerned with punishing criminals, Daredevil is more interested in finding redress for victims.<ref>Young, p. 47.</ref> The contrast between his love of the law in his regular life and his exceptional vigilante activities often produces problems for him. He is also sometimes ruthless and deceptive, and this can put his friends and loved ones at risk. Timothy Callahan even argues that Murdock is often mentally unstable or even [[psychosis|psychotic]] "in his willingness to layer the fabric of lies in his relationships with others."<ref>Quoted in Young, p. 82.</ref> One of his fundamental conflicts is between his attraction to extra-legal justice and punishment and his simultaneous fascination with objective order and legal, rational explanation.<ref>Miller and Janson, p. 783.</ref>

Miller says that Murdock is drawn to violence because of anger at the world regarding his disability as well as his unresolved conflict with his father.<ref>Miller and Janson, p. 782.</ref> Murdock's father, "Battlin' Jack", was a professional boxer who prohibited Matt from any athletic activity and compelled him to devote his time to study, attempting to mold an entirely different life for his son.<ref>Young, p. 50.</ref> Learning of his disobedience, the father resorted to corporal punishment to control his son. These events led Murdock to become obsessed with determining the proper moral and legal rules for behavior, and to develop a highly ambivalent relationship to [[combat sports]] and thrill-seeking behavior.<ref>Young, p. 50-51.</ref> Film and comic scholar Paul Young points out that the stories often depict a gap between Murdock's stated motivations and his actions, demonstrating that Murdock has inherently limited self-knowledge and sometimes deceives himself with incomplete justifications for his choices.<ref>Young, p. 56-57.</ref>

Murdock is a devout [[Catholic]] and often tormented by religious and moral guilt.<ref>Interview with Stephen S. DeKnight, in Langley, p. 45</ref> However, he also has many romantic affairs, which frequently end badly. Miller also sees the character as driven by sensuality.<ref>Miller and Janson, p. 781.</ref> Psychologist Travis Langley and literary scholar Christine Hanefalk comment that this disposition could be described as a [[sensation seeking]] personality trait.<ref>Langley, p. 21-22.</ref> They note that while Murdock has had many lovers, his takes the approach of [[serial monogamy]] rather than promiscuity or sex addiction.<ref>Langley, p. 22</ref>

Other characters often underestimate Matt Murdock because of his blindness, and he has a humorous and self-deprecating approach to his disability.

==Themes and motifs==
===Political corruption and moral ambiguity===
Like other comic books influenced by [[film noir]], Daredevil comics often depict modern urban society as highly corrupt, with no trustworthy authority. The comics frequently present a crisis of authority in which Daredevil or various antagonists, such as Kingpin, attempt to achieve a position of sovereignty in order to enforce some kind of recognized order.<ref>Anthony Peter Spanakos, "Hell's Kitchen's Prolonged Crisis and Would-be Sovereigns: Daredevil, Hobbes, and Schmitt," ''PS: Political Science and Politics, January 2014, Vol. 47, No. 1 (January 2014)'', pp. 94-97.</ref> Daredevil comics also present debates on questions about religion and the relationship between human and divine justice, as well as Christian ideals of forgiveness and generosity. The comics are also often frequently concerned with vexing romantic relationships and [[femme fatale]] characters.<ref>Paul Young, Frank Miller's Daredevil and the Ends of Heroism, Rutgers University Press, 2016.</ref>

===Disability===
The comic series also often addresses the challenges of disability. Along with [[Professor X]], Daredevil was one of the first modern disabled superheroes.<ref>Kathleen Hawkins, "With great power comes great disability," BBC News, 24 June 2014. [https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-ouch-27883836]</ref> Other supporting characters in the series are also blind, and Daredevil's former romantic partner, Echo, is deaf. Writer/co-creator [[Stan Lee]] said that he was worried that blind people would be offended at how far he exaggerated the enhancement of a blind person's remaining senses, but that his fears were assuaged by letters from organizations such as the Lighthouse for the Blind, which said that blind people greatly enjoyed having Daredevil comics read to them.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Thomas|first= Roy|date= August 2011|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|title= Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Interview!|journal= [[Alter Ego (magazine)|Alter Ego]]|issue= 104|page= 10|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing|quote= The one thing that worried me about Daredevil – I wondered if blind people would be offended, because we were exaggerating so much what a blind person can do, and they might have felt that we're making it ridiculous. But I was so pleased – after the books were published, we started getting letters from charities for blind people, like the Lighthouse for the Blind in New York. Letters saying, 'We've been reading these stories to the people here and they love them, and they're so pleased you have a super-hero who is sightless.' And, oh boy, that made me feel great!}}</ref>

===Violence and trauma===
The stories also often address the long-term effects of trauma and [[adverse childhood experiences]]. Matt Murdock's abandonment by his mother, physically abusive treatment by his alcoholic father, and bullying from childhood peers are all detailed by the series. Other prominent characters, such as Kingpin and Elektra, are also revealed to have experienced childhood misfortunes that affect aggressive and thrill-seeking behavior in adulthood.<ref>Travis Langley and Christine Hanefalk, "The Truth About the Dare: Who Seeks Thrills and Chills?" in Langley, p. 18-29.</ref> In 1981, Miller declared that "violence is actually the theme of the book," insisting on the depiction of realistic injury in order to convey the hazards and moral ambiguity of a heroic lifestyle.<ref>Young, p. 40-41.</ref>

==Powers and abilities==
[[File:9.17.16FrankMillerByLuigiNovi15.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]], seen here signing a copy of issue 181 at [[Midtown Comics]], revamped the character's Radar-Sense to make it more believable.]]
Although the character is blind, his remaining four senses function with superhuman accuracy and sensitivity, giving him abilities far beyond the limits of a sighted person. Few characters know that the hero cannot see. Daredevil developed a [[Radar]]-Sense,<ref name="historyradar">{{cite web|url=http://www.theothermurdockpapers.com/2009/03/history-of-radar-sense-4-frank-miller.html |title=A History of the Radar Sense #4 – Frank Miller, Part 1 |date=March 21, 2009 |work=The Other Murdock Papers |access-date=April 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629002733/http://www.theothermurdockpapers.com/2009/03/history-of-radar-sense-4-frank-miller.html |archive-date=June 29, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> as well as [[Human echolocation|echolocation]].

When [[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]] expanded most of Daredevil's abilities, he attempted to make them "extraordinary enough to be exciting, but not on par with [[Superman]]", noting Superman's distinctly unbelievable powers. When Miller joined the title in 1979, the first thing he did to the character was "revamp" his radar sense and made it less distinct and more believable; he wanted Daredevil to have the "proximity" sense that some martial artists claim to have. Due to the character's sensitive sense of touch, Daredevil can read by passing his fingers over the letters on a page<ref name="historyradar"/> though laminated pages prevent him from reading the ink.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Andy Diggle|Diggle, Andy]]|penciller=Gianfelice, Davide|inker= Gianfelice, Davide|story= Reborn Chapter One|title= Daredevil Reborn|issue= 1|date= March 2011}}</ref> Daredevil has commonly used his superhuman hearing to serve as a [[polygraph]] for interrogation by listening for changes in a person's heartbeat. This ability can be fooled if the other person's heart is not beating at a natural rate, such as if they have an [[artificial pacemaker]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comicbooked.com/top-5-enemies-of-daredevil/ |title=The Top 5 Enemies of Daredevil |first=Nick |last=Furious |date=January 25, 2011 |publisher=ComicBooked.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602151830/http://www.comicbooked.com/top-5-enemies-of-daredevil/ |archive-date=June 2, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=April 5, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>{{Cite comic | Writer= Miller, Frank|Penciller= Miller, Frank|Inker= Janson, Klaus|Story= Good Guys Wear Red|Title= Daredevil|Issue=184|date=July 1982}}</ref>

Just as Daredevil's other senses are stronger, they are also sensitive; his main weakness is his vulnerability to powerful sounds or odors that can temporarily weaken his radar sense.<ref name="daredevilv1#159">{{Cite comic | Writer= McKenzie, Roger|Penciller= Miller, Frank|Inker= Janson, Klaus|Story= Marked for Murder!|Title= Daredevil|Issue=159|date= July 1979}}</ref> This weakness is often used to immobilize Daredevil.<ref name="daredevilv2#3">{{Cite comic | Writer= [[Kevin Smith|Smith, Kevin]]|Penciller= [[Joe Quesada|Quesada, Joe]] |Inker= [[Jimmy Palmiotti|Palmiotti, Jimmy]]|Story= Dystopia|Title= Daredevil|Volume=2|Issue=3|date=January 1999}}</ref> Alternately, the lack of taste or smell of certain substances can be used against him, as in one instance of a hallucinogenic drug designed so that Daredevil could not tell he was drugged.<ref>{{Cite comic |Writer= Smith, Kevin|Penciller= Quesada, Joe|Inker= Palmiotti, Jimmy|Story= Devil's Despair|Title= Daredevil|Volume= 2|Issue=5|date= March 1999}}</ref> His senses are highly acute, capable of sensing the minor atmospheric disturbance created moments before a teleporting character appears.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Smith, Kevin|penciller= Dodson, Terry|inker= Dodson, Rachel|story= Trickle Down|title= Spider-Man/Black Cat: The Evil That Men Do|issue= 5|date= February 2006}}</ref> People with [[superhuman speed]], such as [[Spider-Man]], are too fast to be detected and targeted by his radar sense.

While his radar sense mostly compensates for his blindness, it has certain limitations. He cannot perceive color without touch, and he can only read printed matter if the ink is raised enough for his sense of touch.{{Volume needed|c=y|date=April 2014}}  Most photographs, televisions, and computer screens are blank to him.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Soule, Charles|penciller= Garney, Ron|inker= Garney, Ron|title= Daredevil|volume= 5|issue= 4|date= April 2016}}</ref> However, the radar sense has shown on numerous occasions the ability to "see" through walls and fabrics. The radar sense also grants him an omnidirectional field of vision. These two latter abilities are the most notable advantages the radar has over normal vision.{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}}

The extent of Daredevil’s superhuman physical attributes beyond his super-senses and radar sense varies depending on the writer and depiction of the character, though he has always been portrayed as having a superhumanly enhanced sense of balance and coordination. In most cases, he is depicted as also possessing superhuman agility, reflexes, and stamina. In all cases, Daredevil is depicted as a master of martial arts and expert acrobat and gymnast, with his superhuman attributes aiding him in his mastery of these skills.<ref name="irvineonnoir">{{cite web|url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=20665|title= The Man Who Would Be King(pin): Irvine on ''Daredevil Noir''|last= Richards|first= Dave|date= April 3, 2009|publisher= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130703001307/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=20665|archive-date= July 3, 2013|url-status=live|access-date= April 29, 2009|df= mdy-all}}</ref> Having been trained by [[Stick (comics)|Stick]], Daredevil is a master hand-to-hand combatant. He uses elements from a wide variety of martial arts, including [[Ninjutsu]], [[Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu|Aiki Jūjutsu]],<ref>''Daredevil: Road Warrior'' #3</ref> [[Aikido]], [[Judo]], [[Karate]],<ref>''Daredevil'' (vol. 1) #287 (December 1990)</ref> [[Jujitsu]], [[Kung Fu]], [[Silat]], [[Capoeira]], [[Wrestling]], and [[Stick Fighting]] combined with American-style [[Boxing]] while making full use of his Olympic-level gymnastic capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marveldirectory.com/individuals/s/stick.htm |title=Stick |year=2001 |publisher=Marvel Directory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925162603/http://www.marveldirectory.com/individuals/s/stick.htm |archive-date=September 25, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=April 29, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref>

Daredevil's signature weapon is his specially designed [[club (weapon)|baton]], which he created.<ref name="daredevilv1#159"/> Disguised as a blind man's cane in civilian garb, it is a multi-purpose weapon and tool that contains 30 feet of aircraft-control cable connected to a case-hardened steel [[grappling hook]]. Internal mechanisms allow the cable to be neatly wound and unwound, while a powerful spring launches the grapnel. The handle can be straightened for use when throwing. The club can be split into two parts, one of which is a fighting baton, the other of which ends in a curved hook.<ref name="thejackfaq4">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsfromme.com/writings/the-jack-faq/4/ |title=The Jack F.A.Q. – Page 4 |last=Evanier |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Evanier |date=n.d. |publisher=News From ME |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211131942/http://www.povonline.com/jackfaq/JackFaq4.htm |archive-date=December 11, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref name="daredevilv1#159"/>

In his civilian identity, Murdock is a skilled and respected New York attorney.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briceland |first=Levi |date=2022-05-18 |title=Marvel: 5 Best Lawyers, Ranked |url=https://gamerant.com/marvel-best-lawyers/ |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}</ref> He is a skilled detective and interrogation expert.<ref>Miller and Janson, p. 782-784.</ref>

After his identity was publicly exposed and he was forced to relocate to San Francisco, Matt Murdock's secret identity as Daredevil was restored by the Purple Children, the children of his old foe the [[Purple Man]]. From the description given by the Purple Children, their influence renders it impossible for anyone to determine Daredevil's secret identity through deductive research unless he actually tells them who he is under the mask,<ref>''Daredevil'' vol.5 #20</ref><ref>''Defenders'' vol. 5 #8</ref> or someone unmasks him.<ref>''Daredevil'' vol.5 #27</ref>

==Supporting characters==
===Elektra===
{{Main|Elektra (character)}}
Elektra is a pivotal character for Daredevil, although she appears in relatively few of his stories. At different times, she is an enemy, a romantic partner, and an ally. Elektra made her debut as a bounty hunter, and though her time as part of Daredevil's rogues' gallery was brief (spanning barely a year of the first Frank Miller series), her romantic past with him is an important part of the mythos. Created by Frank Miller, the character first appeared in Daredevil #168 (Jan. 1981). Her violent nature and mercenary lifestyle has served as a divisive point of conflict between her and Daredevil, which, in 2020, culminated in her becoming the second Daredevil.

Elektra is an unusually ruthless [[antihero]] and [[femme fatale]]. Scholar Paul Young defines some of her defining initial characteristics as including her succinct speech patterns, her "athletic, eroticized body," her [[father complex]], and her lethal weapons and fighting prowess. He notes that another critic, Larry Rodman, memorably compared her to a "[[psychosis|psychotic]] [[Fitness and figure competition|swimsuit model]].<ref>Young, p. 104.</ref>

She shows few compunctions about killing her adversaries, and in some stories even kills innocent people. However, she maintains a strong affection for Matt Murdock and, later, other people she admires. She is often morally conflicted, and eventually attempts to use her skills for good.<ref>Larisa A. Garski and Jennifer L. Yen, "Elektra: Portrait of the Assassin as a Young Woman," ''Daredevil and Psychology: The Devil You Know'', in Langley, p. 138-151.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://nbrehmer.medium.com/someones-assassin-subverting-femme-fatale-tropes-and-why-elektra-remains-one-of-marvels-7649d1f7ce8c | title="Someone's Assassin:" Subverting Femme Fatale Tropes and Why Elektra Remains One of Marvels'… | date=12 December 2020 }}</ref> Miller says that Elektra's violent disposition originates from the trauma of the loss of her father, and that he meant the character to illustrate Jung's [[Electra complex]]: "She was a young woman who had her sexual interest centered on her father, and just as she was transferring this to another man, her father is killed." Miller argues that this initial anger led to corruption by other forces (the Hand and the Kingpin). In his view she is not essentially good, but rather "one of the villains who's got a weak streak in them."<ref>Miller and Janson, p. 787.</ref>

After her resurrection, in the 1996-98 ''Elektra'' ongoing series written by Peter Milligan, she has a more conventionally heroic disposition.<ref>Elektra #4, February 1997.</ref> Elektra briefly resumes her relationship with Daredevil in this series, although he is unfaithful to his primary girlfriend at that time, [[Karen Page]].<ref>Elektra #11-13, Oct.-Dec. 1997.</ref> She has continued to appear in various subsequent series as a complicated [[anti-hero]].<ref>Young, 103-116.</ref> In stories of the 2020s, she even takes on the identity of Daredevil herself, initially because the original Daredevil is imprisoned.<ref>[https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/daredevil-woman-without-fear-erica-schultz-michael-dowling]</ref>

===Allies===
Throughout the core ''Daredevil'' series, many characters have had an influence in Matt Murdock's life. His father, "Battlin' Jack" Murdock instills in Matt the importance of education and nonviolence with the aim of seeing his son become a better man than himself.<ref name="debut"/> He always encouraged Matt to study, rather than fight like him. Jack forbade his son from undertaking any kind of physical training.<ref name="battlin'jack">{{cite web|url=http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=105387 |title=Daredevil: Battlin' Jack Murdock Debuts in June |last=Brady |first=Matt |date=March 16, 2007 |publisher=Newsarama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329233444/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=105387 |archive-date=March 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 3, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> It is his father's murder that prompts the super-powered character to become a superhero, fighting gangsters.<ref name="battlin'jack"/> He was trained by an old blind ninja master named [[Stick (comics)|Stick]] following his childhood accident.<ref name="biography">{{cite web |url=http://www.daredevil-movies.com/comics/ |title=Daredevil Comic News and Events |year=2005 |publisher=Daredevil-Movies.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306045553/http://www.daredevil-movies.com/comics/ |archive-date=March 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 3, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref>

Matt Murdock's closest friend is [[Foggy Nelson|Franklin "Foggy" Nelson]], his college roommate, [[sidekick]], and law partner.<ref name="debut"/> Their relationship in the early years of the series was fraught with tension due to Nelson's sense of inferiority to Murdock as a lawyer and as a target for the affections of their secretary, [[Karen Page]]. They frequently argued over Murdock's preference for defending supervillains, as Nelson's enthusiasm is for corporate law. The pudgy and fallible Nelson has often been used by writers for lightheartedness and even comic relief.

As a superhero, one of Daredevil's best friends is the hero [[Spider-Man]]. With his enhanced senses, Murdock was able to physically identify Spider-Man on their first meeting,<ref>{{Cite comic | Writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]]|Penciller=[[Steve Ditko|Ditko, Steve]]| Inker= Ditko, Steve|Story= Duel with Daredevil|Title= [[The Amazing Spider-Man]]|Issue= 16|date= September 1964}}</ref> and Spider-Man in turn learned his secret identity some time after.<ref>{{Cite comic | Writer= [[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]]|Penciller= [[Gene Colan|Colan, Gene]]| Inker= [[Frank Giacoia|Giacoia, Frank]]|Story=The Mystery of the Midnight Stalker!|Title=Daredevil|Issue=24|date= January 1967}}</ref> Due to the events of the "[[Spider-Man: One More Day|One More Day]]" storyline, Daredevil no longer knows Spider-Man's secret identity. Spider-Man also initially lost all memory of Daredevil's secret identity following the  ''Purple'' story arc,<ref>''Daredevil'' (vol. 5) 17-20</ref> but regained it at the beginning of the ''Red Fist'' story arc.<ref>''Daredevil (Vol. 7) #1</ref> [[Iron Fist (comics)|Iron Fist]] would later become one of his greatest friends, and at one point took on the role of Daredevil himself.<ref name="daredevilmasked"/> [[Jessica Jones]], a former superhero turned private investigator acts as a bodyguard for Matt Murdock in his civilian life. Her husband, [[Luke Cage]], is a friend of Daredevil as well.<ref name="lowlife">{{Cite book|last=Bendis|first=Brian Michael|author2=Maleev, Alex|title=Daredevil, Vol. 6: Lowlife|publisher=Marvel Comics|date=October 2006|page=[https://archive.org/details/daredevilvol13mu00bria/page/120 120]|isbn=978-0785111054|url=https://archive.org/details/daredevilvol13mu00bria/page/120}}</ref> [[Ben Urich]], a reporter for the ''[[Daily Bugle]]'' discovered Daredevil's identity and eventually becomes his friend as well,<ref name="benurich">{{cite web |url=http://www.marveldirectory.com/individuals/u/urichben.htm |title=Ben Urich |publisher=Marvel Directory |year=2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322102116/http://www.marveldirectory.com/individuals/u/urichben.htm |archive-date=March 22, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=May 3, 2009 |df=mdy }}</ref> though during his identity dispute Daredevil decided to end his "secret professional relationship" with Urich to avoid getting Urich mixed up in his problems and being used against him.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Bendis, Brian Michael|penciller= Maleev, Alex|inker= Maleev, Alex|story= I'm Not Afraid of You|title= Daredevil|volume= 2|issue= 35|date= September 2002}}</ref> The [[Punisher]], anti-hero Frank Castle, is one of Daredevil's reluctant allies, as well as his antagonist due to their different philosophies in crime-fighting.

===Romantic interests===
Daredevil has a convoluted and often tortured love life. His relationships often end badly. The longest connections he has maintained with women have been with other costumed fighters: Black Widow and Elektra. The relatively high number of violent deaths for his partners has been criticized as examples of the [[women in refrigerators]] trope, according to which female characters in comic books are often disposable and serve as plot devices to motivate or complicate male heroes.<ref>Young, p. 231.</ref>

Murdock had a long-term relationship with [[Karen Page]]. Initially, Murdock and Foggy Nelson constituted a love triangle with page, with each vying for affections.<ref>Young, p. 62.</ref> Murdock revealed his secret identity to her in Daredevil #56 (September 1969).<ref>Young, p. 35</ref> Page has various doubts and anxieties about her relationship.<ref>Young. p. 63.</ref> However, in Daredevil #86 (January 1972) Page leaves to pursue an acting career in Hollywood.<ref>Young, p. 62.</ref> He maintains an on-again off-again relationship until her tragic death. Like Elektra, Page is murdered by Bullseye; but she is never resurrected.<ref>''Daredevil: Guardian Devil''.</ref>

In the 1970s, he had a romantic relationship with [[Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)|Black Widow]], who partnered with him to fight crime while they both were in San Francisco. They [[cohabitation|cohabited]], which was a daring choice for the time period.<ref>Young, p. 27-28.</ref> She had complaints about sexist attitudes on Daredevil's part, and broke off the relationship because she did not want to feel like a [[sidekick]].<ref>Young, p. 27.</ref> They remain as close confidantes in ensuing stories, and some stories suggest the possibility of resuming the relationship.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-30|title=11 Marvel Characters Black Widow Has Had A Relationship With|url=https://www.cbr.com/black-widow-marvel-comics-past-relationships-lovers/|access-date=2021-12-28|website=CBR|language=en-US}}</ref>

In the later 1970s, he began a relationship with Heather Glenn. As with Page, he reveals his identity to her in a 1977 storyline.<ref>Young, p. 34-35.</ref> However, in contrast to Page, Glenn is a party girl and an heiress whose personality is very different from Karen Page as she initially appeared. As Young puts it, Glenn has "a casual and flirty manner, and a voracious sexual appetite;" she is also elusive and casual regarding her relationship with Murdock. Young compares to her to one of the Sternwood sisters from Chandler's ''[[The Big Sleep]]''.<ref>Young, p. 63.</ref> As initially characterized by Gerry Conway, Glenn is somewhat stereotyped because of her flighty nature. However, Young argues that the Miller period gives her a degree of verisimilitude, even arguing that she has more depth than [[Chris Claremont]]'s female heroes.<ref>Young, p. 64-65.</ref> In contrast, J. Andrew Deman has argued that Miller's depiction of women is much more stereotypical than Clarement's.<ref>J. Andrew Deman, ''The Claremont Run'', University of Texas Press, 2023, p. 6.</ref> Glenn eventually kills herself, in ''Daredevil'' #220 (March 1985).<ref>Young, p. 231-232.</ref>

In the late 1990s, he also had a brief relationship with [[Echo (Marvel Comics)|Maya Lopez]], a deaf woman and skilled martial artist. While Murdock and Lopez fell in love, Lopez was manipulated by the Kingpin into believing that Daredevil had killed her father (while it was Kingpin himself who was responsible) Under the name Echo, Lopez fought Daredevil and was eventually convinced of his innocence.<ref>''Echo: The Saga of Maya Lopez'', 2023.</ref>

In the 2000s, Murdock marries a woman named [[Milla Donovan]]. Donovan shares Murdock's disability. Eventually, one of Daredevil's enemies drives her to insanity.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Brubaker, Ed|penciller= Lark, Michael; [[Marko Djurdjević|Djurdjević, Marko]]; Romita, John Sr.; Colan, Gene; [[Bill Sienkiewicz|Sienkiewicz, Bill]]; [[Alex Maleev|Maleev, Alex]]; [[Lee Bermejo|Bermejo, Lee]]|inker= Gaudiano, Stefano; Djurdjević, Marko; [[Al Milgrom|Milgrom, Al]]; Colan, Gene; Sienkiewicz, Bill; Maleev, Alex; Bermejo, Lee|story= Without Fear Part One|title= Daredevil|volume= 2|issue= 100|date= October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Brubaker, Ed|penciller= Lark, Michael|inker= Azaceta, Paul; Gaudiano, Stefano; [[Tom Palmer (comics)|Palmer, Tom]]|story= Without Fear Part Five|title= Daredevil|volume= 2|issue= 104|date= March 2008}}</ref>

===Enemies===
{{Main|List of Daredevil enemies}}
In his early years, Daredevil fought a number of costumed supervillains, the first of these being [[Electro (Marvel Comics)|Electro]], a prominent Spider-Man foe, in ''Daredevil'' #2. A number of recurring villains would be introduced over the years, such as the [[Owl (Marvel Comics)|Owl]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Lee, Stan|penciller= [[Joe Orlando|Orlando, Joe]]|inker= [[Vince Colletta|Colletta, Vince]]|story= The Owl, Ominous Overlord of Crime!|title= Daredevil|issue= 3|date= August 1964}}</ref> the [[Purple Man]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Lee, Stan|penciller= Orlando, Joe|inker= Colletta, Vince|story= Killgrave, the Unbelievable Purple Man!|title= Daredevil|issue= 4|date= October 1964}}</ref> [[Mister Fear|Mr. Fear]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Lee, Stan|penciller= [[Wally Wood|Wood, Wally]]|inker= Wood, Wally|story= Trapped By the Fellowship of Fear|title= Daredevil|issue= 6|date= February 1965}}</ref> [[Stilt-Man]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Lee, Stan|penciller= Wood, Wally|inker= Wood, Wally|story= The Stiltman Cometh!|title= Daredevil|issue= 8|date= June 1965}}</ref> [[Gladiator (Melvin Potter)|Gladiator]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Lee, Stan; [[Dennis O'Neil|O'Neil, Denny]]|penciller= Romita, John Sr.|inker= Giacoia, Frank|story= There Shall Come a Gladiator|title= Daredevil|issue= 18|date= July 1966}}</ref> the [[Jester (Jonathan Powers)|Jester]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Lee, Stan|penciller= Colan, Gene|inker= [[Dan Adkins|Adkins, Dan]]|story= Nobody Laughs at the Jester!|title= Daredevil|issue= 42|date= July 1968}}</ref> the [[Man-Bull]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Gerry Conway|Conway, Gerry]]|penciller= Colan, Gene|inker= Palmer, Tom|story= The Horns of the Bull!|title= Daredevil|issue= 78|date= July 1971}}</ref> and [[Death-Stalker]].<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Steve Gerber|Gerber, Steve]]|penciller= [[Bob Brown (comics)|Brown, Bob]]|inker= Colletta, Vince|story= When Strikes the Gladiator!|title= Daredevil|issue= 113|date= September 1974}}</ref> The supervillain duo of the [[Cobra (Marvel Comics)|Cobra]] and [[Mister Hyde (Marvel Comics)|Mr. Hyde]] have frequently clashed with Daredevil, and Hyde has fought Daredevil alone on several occasions. The psychotic assassin [[Bullseye (comics)|Bullseye]] was introduced by [[Marv Wolfman]] in issue #131,<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Marv Wolfman|Wolfman, Marv]]|penciller= Brown, Bob|inker= Janson, Klaus|story= Watch Out For Bullseye He Never Misses!|title= Daredevil|issue= 131|date= March 1976}}</ref> and was a frequent antagonist over the next six years of the series.

Frank Miller's run on ''Daredevil'' pared down the rogue's gallery to three significant antagonists: [[Kingpin (character)|Kingpin]], [[Elektra (character)|Elektra]], and Bullseye.<ref>Young, p. 93.</ref> Like the Purple Man, Death-Stalker, Assassin, and several others, the Kingpin has long known Daredevil's secret identity. In ''Daredevil'' #254, [[Ann Nocenti]] introduced [[Typhoid Mary (comics)|Typhoid Mary]], an assassin for the Kingpin with [[dissociative identity disorder]] (the diagnostic term for multiple personalities), who would become a prominent Daredevil foe.

==Other versions==

===''End of Days''===
''Daredevil: End of Days'' is a 2013 eight-issue comic book miniseries that chronicled Daredevil's final days.<ref>{{cite news|first=Richard|last=George|title=NYCC 07: Daredevil Is Going to Die|publisher=[[IGN]]|date=2007-02-24|url=http://uk.comics.ign.com/articles/767/767747p1.html|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713004359/http://uk.comics.ign.com/articles/767/767747p1.html|archive-date=2011-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> During his final battle with [[Bullseye (comics)|Bullseye]], Daredevil whispers the single word "Mapone" to Bullseye before being killed by a blow to the head by his own billy-club. Several years before his death, Daredevil had confronted the [[Kingpin (character)|Kingpin]] when he returned to Hell's Kitchen.  Fisk had made a deal with the government and Daredevil, seeing no other options to stop Fisk, killed him in front of many people on the streets.<ref>''Daredevil: End of Days'' #1</ref> After killing Fisk, Daredevil disappeared many years until his final battle with Bullseye, having either alienated from or shunned by his friends and fellow superheroes. Matt had been training Tim Urich, the adopted son of longtime friend [[Ben Urich]], to become the new Daredevil.<ref>''Daredevil: End of Days'' #4</ref> After finishing Tim's training and becoming aware of Bullseye's return to Hell's Kitchen, Daredevil returned to prevent any more of his past enemies to affect his successor. His actions during his final battle drove Bullseye mad with curiosity over the word "Mapone", leading him to commit suicide.<ref>''Daredevil: End of Days'' #8</ref>

It is revealed that Matt had fathered a daughter named Mapone Romanova with the [[Black Widow (Natalia Romanova)|Black Widow]].  After Natasha's death, Matt and Mapone seemingly became estranged.<ref>''Daredevil: End of Days'' #2</ref> Matt was also allegedly the father of four other children with several of his past lovers: [[Elektra (comics)|Elektra Natchios]] has a son also named Matthew, [[Milla Donovan]] has a son named Franklin, and [[Typhoid Mary (character)|Mary Walker]] is the mother of twin boys.<ref>''Daredevil: End of Days'' #3</ref>

===''Spider-Gwen''===
{{main|Kingpin (Matt Murdock)}}
Matt Murdock serves as the main antagonist for most of ''Spider-Gwen''. His ninja training, law background, and powers are the same as his mainstream counterpart. However, he eventually becomes this world's version of the Kingpin and constantly antagonizes Gwen Stacy, who is the [[Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy)|Spider-Woman]] of this dimension.<ref>''Spider-Gwen'' #2</ref>

===Ultimate Marvel===
{{See also|Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra}}
The [[Ultimate Marvel]] version of Daredevil (Matt Murdock) has appeared in two different limited series, ''Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra'' written by [[Greg Rucka]], and ''Ultimate Elektra'', a team to take down the [[Kingpin (character)#Ultimate Marvel|Kingpin]]. It is revealed in ''Ultimate Spider-Man'' #109 that his father Jack was a boxer killed by the Kingpin ([[List of acronyms and initialisms: A#AK|a.k.a.]] Wilson Fisk) when Jack would not throw a match. Later, after the Kingpin burns down Murdock's law offices, a crazed Daredevil breaks into Fisk's apartments and threatens to murder the comatose [[Vanessa Fisk]], but is convinced not to by [[Spider-Man (Ultimate Marvel character)|Spider-Man]].<ref>''Ultimate Spider-Man'' #109</ref> During [[Magneto (Marvel Comics)#Ultimate Marvel|Magneto]]'s flooding of New York during the "[[Ultimatum (comics)|Ultimatum]]" storyline in which millions of people are killed, Daredevil was found dead by Spider-Man and [[Hulk (Ultimate Marvel character)|Hulk]].<ref>''Ultimate Spider-Man'' #131 (Apr. 2009)</ref>

==Reception==

Daredevil has been inspirational for readers with disabilities, particularly those with [[visual impairment]]. For example, [[Tom Sullivan (singer)|Tom Sullivan]], a blind man, writes that "When I read my first Daredevil in the mid-'60s, I decided Matt Murdock represented everything I thought I could be." Further, he argues that blind people in real life sometimes experience enhanced awareness of other senses, like Daredevil and that this can help them in athletics; he credits inspiration from Daredevil with cultivating his own abilities.<ref>Tom Sullivan, introduction to Daredevil vol. 1 HC (2003), reprinted in Daredevil: Guardian Devil by Kevin Smith, 2018.</ref>

Daredevil was also groundbreaking in the degree of violence that could be depicted in a mainstream superhero comic book, particularly in the instance of the murder of Elektra by Bullseye in 1982.<ref>Young, p. 11-12.</ref>

Daredevil was also a strong inspiration for the [[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]. The concept took its ninja imagery from ''Daredevil''.<ref>Young, p. 109.</ref> In the [[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Mirage Studios)|original comics]], the characters were even implied to be the pet turtles of Matt Murdock, who mutated as a result of the same accident that gave him superpowers.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/how-teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-went-from-comics-in-joke-to-cowabunga-blockbuster-20140814|title=How 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Went From In-Joke to Blockbuster|date=August 14, 2014|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=September 17, 2020|archive-date=June 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032110/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/how-teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-went-from-comics-in-joke-to-cowabunga-blockbuster-20140814|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Joe Quesada]], an editor at Marvel, says that [[Kevin Smith]]'s authorship of the "[[Guardian Devil]]" arc of the ''Daredevil'' series in 1998-1999 "changed everything" and that this is "probably the single most important development in this particular era of comics, from the '90s to today."<ref>Joe Quesada, introduction to Daredevil: Guardian Devil Premiere HC, reprinted in Marvel Knights Daredevil by Smith and Quesada: Guardian Devil, 2018</ref> This is because Smith was the first Hollywood director to write a mainstream superhero comic, and this encouraged subsequent authorship of comics by writers from film, TV, and literature, such as [[Joss Whedon]] and others.

==In other media==
{{Main|Daredevil in other media}}
Daredevil has appeared in various other media, particularly in television and film. He first appears in live action in the TV film''[[The Trial of the Incredible Hulk]]'', portrayed by [[Rex Smith]].<ref name="hulksmashtelevision">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/05/02/the-avengers-hulks-tv-history?page=2 |title=The Avengers: Hulk's TV History – A look back at the Green Goliath on television |last=Goldman |first=Eric |date=May 2, 2012 |publisher=IGN |page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025224905/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/05/02/the-avengers-hulks-tv-history?page=2 |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=April 7, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref>

A [[Daredevil (film)|''Daredevil'' live-action feature film]] starring [[Ben Affleck]] as the character and directed by [[Mark Steven Johnson]] was released in 2003. The film received mixed reviews from critics, and was a moderate box-office success.

In 2015, a ''[[Daredevil (TV series)|Daredevil]]'' television show, starring [[Charlie Cox]] as [[Matt Murdock (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|the protagonist]] and created by [[Drew Goddard]] premiered on Netflix and lasted for three seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deadline.com/2013/11/disney-netflix-marvel-series/|title= Netflix Picks Up Four Marvel Live-Action Series & A Mini Featuring Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, Luke Cage For 2015 Launch|last=Lieberman|first=David|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=November 7, 2013|access-date=November 7, 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140912092144/http://deadline.com/2013/11/disney-netflix-marvel-series-629696/|archive-date= September 12, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> This was acclaimed by critics and attracted a cult following from fans. [[Steven S. DeKnight]], an executive producer of the show, has said that it took inspiration from the Frank Miller period as well as the storylines by Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev, with Maleev's art in particular providing "a template for the look of the show."<ref>"Interview with Marvel's Daredevil Executive Producer Steven S. DeKnight: Running the Show in Hell's Kitchen," ''Daredevil and Psychology'', Sterling, 2018, p. 46.</ref>

Then-[[Disney]] CEO [[Bob Iger]] stated that if Marvel's Netflix TV shows such as ''Daredevil'' become popular, "It's quite possible that they could become feature films".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2013/digital/news/why-disney-chose-to-put-marvels-new-tv-shows-on-netflix-1200805867/ |title=Why Disney Chose to Put Marvel's New TV Shows on Netflix |last=Graser |first=Marc |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 7, 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215071118/http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/why-disney-chose-to-put-marvels-new-tv-shows-on-netflix-1200805867/ |archive-date=February 15, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref> In December 2013, Marvel confirmed that [[Drew Goddard]] would be the executive producer and [[showrunner]] for the series, and would write and direct the first episode.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marvel.com/news/story/21604/drew_goddard_joins_daredevil_on_netflix|title=Drew Goddard Joins ''Daredevil'' on Netflix|publisher=Marvel Comics|date=December 6, 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141207181855/http://marvel.com/news/tv/21604/drew_goddard_joins_daredevil_on_netflix|archive-date= December 7, 2014|url-status=live|access-date=December 6, 2013}}</ref> By May 2014, Goddard had departed as showrunner, being replaced by [[Steven S. DeKnight]], while Goddard was to remain with the show as a consultant.<ref name="GoddardDaredevilExit">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/steven-deknight-set-as-daredevil-703693 |title=Marvel's Netflix Drama ''Daredevil'' Taps New Showrunner (Exclusive) |last=Goldberg |first=Lesley |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=May 24, 2014 |access-date=May 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526084152/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/steven-deknight-set-as-daredevil-703693 |archive-date=May 26, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref> Later that month, [[Charlie Cox]] was cast in the starring titular role.<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://variety.com/2014/digital/news/charlie-cox-to-star-in-daredevil-tv-series-for-marvel-and-netflix-1201194139/|title=Charlie Cox to Star in ''Daredevil'' TV Series for Marvel and Netflix|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 27, 2014|access-date=May 27, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140911182408/http://variety.com/2014/digital/news/charlie-cox-to-star-in-daredevil-tv-series-for-marvel-and-netflix-1201194139/|archive-date= September 11, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Filming began in July 2014.<ref name="DaredevilFilming">{{cite web |url=http://www.hitfix.com/news/marvel-tv-head-daredevil-starts-shooting-in-july-jessica-jones-next-up |title=Marvel TV head: ''Daredevil'' starts shooting in July, ''Jessica Jones'' next up |publisher=HitFix |date=March 24, 2014 |access-date=March 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328005644/http://www.hitfix.com/news/marvel-tv-head-daredevil-starts-shooting-in-july-jessica-jones-next-up |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref> The [[Daredevil season 1|first season]] was released in April 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.npr.org/2015/04/18/400590705/after-fan-pressure-netflix-makes-daredevil-accessible-to-the-blind|title= After Fan Pressure, Netflix Makes ''Daredevil'' Accessible To The Blind|date= April 18, 2015|publisher= [[NPR]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151127040659/http://www.npr.org/2015/04/18/400590705/after-fan-pressure-netflix-makes-daredevil-accessible-to-the-blind|archive-date= November 27, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Daredevil season 2|second season]] was released on March 18, 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thehollywoodnews.com/2016/01/09/brand-new-poster-teaser-trailer-daredevil-season-2/|title= Brand new poster and teaser trailer for ''Daredevil'' season 2!|first= Ben|last= Read|date= January 9, 2016|publisher= The Hollywood News|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160221223759/http://www.thehollywoodnews.com/2016/01/09/brand-new-poster-teaser-trailer-daredevil-season-2/|archive-date= February 21, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/06/09/marvels-daredevil-jon-bernthal-cast-as-punisher-for-season-2|title= Marvel's ''Daredevil'': Jon Bernthal Cast as Punisher for Season 2|first= Matt|last= Fowler|date= June 9, 2015|publisher= IGN|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151002071041/http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/06/09/marvels-daredevil-jon-bernthal-cast-as-punisher-for-season-2|archive-date= October 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Daredevil season 3|third and final season]] was released on October 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://tvline.com/2018/09/20/daredevil-season-3-premiere-date-video-teaser-let-the-devil-out/ |title= Daredevil Season 3 Gets Premiere Date — Plus, Watch Matt Train for His Return|first= Matt|last= Mitovich|date= September 20, 2018|publisher= TVLine|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180921114647/https://tvline.com/2018/09/20/daredevil-season-3-premiere-date-video-teaser-let-the-devil-out/|archive-date= September 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Cox also reprises the role in ''[[The Defenders (miniseries)|The Defenders]]'', a crossover miniseries in which Daredevil teams up with [[Jessica Jones]], [[Luke Cage]], and [[Iron Fist (character)|Iron Fist]].<ref name="Truitt">{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/11/20/jessica-jones-mike-colter-luke-cage/76099760/ |title=''Jessica Jones'' star Mike Colter a powerhouse as Luke Cage |last=Truitt |first=Brian |work=[[USA Today]] |date=November 20, 2015 |access-date=December 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110224409/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/11/20/jessica-jones-mike-colter-luke-cage/76099760/ |archive-date=November 10, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref>

Cox reprises his role as Murdock in the film ''[[Spider-Man: No Way Home]]'' (2021),<ref name="daredevilnwh">{{cite web |last1=Acuna |first1=Kirsten |title='Spider-Man: No Way Home' brings back a beloved character fans never thought they'd see again |url=https://www.insider.com/spider-man-no-way-home-daredevil-matt-murdock-charlie-cox-2021-12 |website=Insider |access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> wherein he successfully clears [[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Peter Parker]]'s name from [[Quentin Beck (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Mysterio]]'s death. The film does not reference his superhero identity beyond a brief display of his enhanced senses when he catches a brick thrown through the Parkers' window.<ref name="daredevilnwh" /> According to Tom Holland, Murdock's appearance was written after filming began due to uncertainty about the rights to include the Marvel Netflix characters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Holland talks about the Daredevil scene in No Way Home |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17kQ12eqB2E |website=YouTube |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref>

In March 2022, Marvel Studios was revealed to be developing a ''Daredevil'' reboot series, with Kevin Feige and [[Chris Gary]] producing.<ref name="RebootComicBook">{{Cite web |last=Barnhardt |first=Adam |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Daredevil Reboot Series Reported to Begin Filming This Year |url=https://comicbook.com/marvel/news/daredevil-reboot-series-may-begin-filming-this-year/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317152647/https://comicbook.com/marvel/news/daredevil-reboot-series-may-begin-filming-this-year/ |archive-date=March 17, 2022 |access-date=March 17, 2022 |website=[[ComicBook.com]]}}</ref><ref name="RebootCinemaBlend">{{Cite web |last=Venable |first=Nick |date=March 17, 2022 |title=A Daredevil Reboot Is Moving Forward With Disney, But We Have Questions |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/superheroes/marvel-cinematic-universe/a-daredevil-reboot-is-moving-forward-with-disney-but-we-have-questions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318003140/https://www.cinemablend.com/superheroes/marvel-cinematic-universe/a-daredevil-reboot-is-moving-forward-with-disney-but-we-have-questions |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |access-date=May 25, 2022 |website=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref> The following month, Cox was revealed to have also joined the cast of the [[Disney+]] television series ''[[Echo (miniseries)|Echo]]'' (2024) alongside his ''Daredevil'' co-star [[Vincent D'Onofrio]], who had recently reprised the role of [[Kingpin (character)|Wilson Fisk / Kingpin]] in the series ''[[Hawkeye (miniseries)|Hawkeye]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-05 |title=Marvel Leak Spoils Daredevil and Kingpin's Next MCU Appearance |url=https://www.cbr.com/marvel-daredevil-kingpin-mcu-appearance-spoiled-echo/ |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=CBR |language=en-US}}</ref> Later in May, the ''Daredevil'' reboot was confirmed to be taking the form of a new series in development for Disney+, with Matt Corman and Chris Ord attached as the series' head writers and executive producers according to ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''. The series was also described by ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' as a continuation of the events of the prior show as opposed to a full reboot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=2022-05-19 |title='Daredevil' Disney+ Series in the Works at Marvel |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/daredevil-disney-series-in-the-works-at-marvel-1235150713/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref>

In July 2022, it was announced at [[San Diego Comic-Con]] that Charlie Cox would reprise his role voicing an alternate version of Daredevil in the animated series ''[[Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man]]'' (2024).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://collider.com/spider-man-freshman-year-cast-charlie-cox-daredevil/ | title=Charlie Cox Returns as Daredevil in 'Spider-Man: Freshman Year' Animated Series | website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] | date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref> He was also confirmed to be reprising his role in ''[[She-Hulk: Attorney at Law]]'' (2022),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lang |first=Brad |date=2022-07-24 |title=She-Hulk's SDCC Trailer Welcomes Charlie Cox's Daredevil to the MCU |url=https://www.cbr.com/she-hulk-attorney-at-law-new-trailer-sdcc-daredevil-mcu/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=CBR |language=en-US}}</ref> as well as in his own series: a revival of the Netflix series entitled ''[[Daredevil: Born Again]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2022-07-24 |title=Charlie Cox's Daredevil Gets Second Life Via 'Daredevil: Born Again' To Highlight Marvel TV News – Comic-Con |url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/marvel-unveils-disney-series-daredevil-born-again-comic-con-1235076216/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Daredevil titles]]
* [[1964 in comics]]
* [[Animal echolocation]]
* [[Human echolocation#Ben Underwood|Ben Underwood]]
* [[Daredevil (Lev Gleason Publications)]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* Langley, Travis, ed. (2018). ''Daredevil Psychology: The Devil You Know''. Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4549-3011-2.
* Miller, Frank and Klaus Janson (2022). ''Daredevil by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson Omnibus''. Marvel. ISBN 978-1-302-94553-4.
* Young, Paul (2016). ''Frank Miller's Daredevil and the Ends of Heroism''. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813563817.

==External links==
* {{cite web|last=Wolk|first=Douglas|url=http://www.salon.com/books/review/2006/01/05/daredevil/ |title=Secrets, lies – and lawyers!|work=[[Salon.com]]|date= January 5, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207232029/http://www.salon.com/2006/01/05/daredevil_2/|archive-date=December 7, 2011|url-status=live}}

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