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{{Short description|British Army officer}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
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| name = Digby Tatham-Warter
| honorific_prefix = Major
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| name = Allison Digby Tatham-Warter
| honorific_suffix = [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Digby Tatham-Warter.jpg
| image = Digby Tatham-Warter.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption = Digby in 1944
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1917|05|21|df=y}}
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|03|21|1917|05|21|df=y}}
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| birth_place = [[Atcham]], [[Shropshire]], [[England]]
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| death_place = [[Nanyuki]], [[Kenya]]
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| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
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| nickname = "Digby"
| birth_name = Allison Digby Tatham-Warter
| birth_name = Allison Digby Tatham-Warter
⚫
| nickname = "Digby"
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| allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1917|05|21|df=y}}
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| branch = [[File:Flag of the British Army.svg|26px]] [[British Army]]
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| birth_place = [[Atcham]], [[Shropshire]], England
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|03|21|1917|05|21|df=y}}
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| death_place = [[Nanyuki]], Kenya
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| placeofburial =
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| allegiance = United Kingdom
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| branch = [[British Army]]
| serviceyears = 1937–1946
| serviceyears = 1937–1946
| rank = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]
| rank = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]
| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.-->
| servicenumber = 75060
| unit = [[Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry]]<br>[[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]]
| unit = [[Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry]]<br/>[[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]]
| commands =
| commands =
| battles = [[Battle of Arnhem]]
| battles = [[Second World War]]
* [[Battle of Arnhem]]
[[Mau Mau Uprising]]
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Distinguished Service Order]]
| awards = [[Distinguished Service Order]]
| memorials =
| relations =
| spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced -->
| relations =
| laterwork = Safari operator
| laterwork = Safari operator
| signature =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| module =
}}
}}
[[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] '''Allison Digby Tatham-Warter''' [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] (21 May 1917 – 21 March 1993), also known as '''Digby Tatham-Warter''' or just '''Digby''', was a [[British Army]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] who fought in the [[World War II|Second World War]] and was famed for carrying an umbrella into battle.<ref name=peg>{{cite web|url=http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/tatham_warter.htm |title=Major Digby Tatham-Warter |publisher=Pegasus Archive |date=17 September 1944 |accessdate=28 April 2014}}</ref>
[[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] '''Allison Digby Tatham-Warter''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|DSO}} (21 May 1917 – 21 March 1993), also known as '''Digby Tatham-Warter''' or just '''Digby''', was a [[British Army]] [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] who fought in the [[Second World War]] and was famed for wearing a [[bowler hat]] and carrying an umbrella into battle.<ref name=peg>{{cite web|url=http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/tatham_warter.htm |title=Major Digby Tatham-Warter |publisher=Pegasus Archive |date=17 September 1944 |access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref>


== Early life ==
==Early life==
Digby was born in [[Atcham]], [[Shropshire]], [[England]]. He was the second son of Henry de Grey Tatham-Warter, a landowner with several estates in the southwest of England. Digby's father fought in the [[World War I|First World War]] with the [[Artists Rifles]]; he was [[Chemical warfare|gassed]] in the [[Trench warfare|trenches]] and died when Digby was 11.<ref name=sax>{{cite web|url=http://www.saxonlodge.net/showmedia.php?mediaID=587 |title=Histories: Digby Tatham-Warter (1917–1993): The Tatham Family of County Durham |publisher=Saxon Lodge |date= |accessdate=28 April 2014}}</ref> Digby was educated at [[Wellington College, Berkshire]]. In 1935 he was accepted into the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saxonlodge.net/getperson.php?personID=I0973&tree=Tatham#cite1 |title=Allison Digby Tatham-Warter b. 26 May 1917 Atcham d. 21 Mar 1993 Nanyuki, Kenya: The Tatham Family of County Durham |publisher=Saxon Lodge |date= |accessdate=28 April 2014}}</ref>
Digby was born in [[Atcham]], [[Shropshire]], on 21 May 1917. He was the second son of Henry de Grey Tatham-Warter, a landowner with several estates in the southwest of England. Digby's father fought in the [[First World War]] with the [[Artists Rifles]]; he was [[Chemical warfare|gassed]] in the [[Trench warfare|trenches]] and died when Digby was 11.<ref name=sax>{{cite web|url=http://www.saxonlodge.net/showmedia.php?mediaID=587 |title=Histories: Digby Tatham-Warter (1917–1993): The Tatham Family of County Durham |publisher=Saxon Lodge |access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref> Digby was educated at [[Wellington College, Berkshire]].


==Early military career==
==Early military career==
Digby graduated from Sandhurst as an [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] with the rank of [[second lieutenant]] on 21 January 1937 and was commissioned into the Unattached List for the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] with a view to joining the Indian Army due to his family connections. He was attached to the 2nd Battalion, [[Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry]] in [[British Raj|India]] from 13 March 1937, and subsequently transferred to that regiment 27 April 1938 (never joining the Indian Army) so that he would be able to continue his hobbies of [[tiger hunting]] and [[pig sticking]].<ref name=sax /><ref>October 1937 Indian Army List</ref><ref>London Gazette 26 April 1938</ref>
In 1935 he was accepted into the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saxonlodge.net/getperson.php?personID=I0973&tree=Tatham#cite1 |title=Allison Digby Tatham-Warter b. 26 May 1917 Atcham d. 21 Mar 1993 Nanyuki, Kenya: The Tatham Family of County Durham |publisher=Saxon Lodge |access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref> Digby passed out of Sandhurst on 21 January 1937 and was commissioned as a [[second lieutenant]] into the Unattached List for the [[British Indian Army]] with a view to joining the Indian Army due to his family connections.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34364|page=622|date=29 January 1937}}</ref> He was attached to the 2nd Battalion, [[Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry]], then serving in [[British Raj|India]], from 13 March 1937, and subsequently transferred to that regiment 27 April 1938 (never joining the Indian Army) so that he would be able to continue his hobbies of [[tiger hunting]] and [[pig sticking]].<ref name=sax /><ref>October 1937 Indian Army List</ref><ref>London Gazette 26 April 1938</ref>


==Second World War==
==Second World War==
When the [[World War II|Second World War]] broke out, Digby was not initially sent to fight in Europe. His sister Kit served in the [[Western Desert Campaign]] and was awarded the [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)|French Croix de guerre]] while serving with the [[Hadfield-Spears Ambulance Unit|Hadfield-Spears Unit]]. Upon hearing of his brother John's death at the [[Second Battle of El Alamein]] in late 1942 with the [[2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)|2nd Dragoon Guards, The Queen's Bays]], Digby volunteered for the [[airborne forces]] and transferred to the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]]. He was appointed as the [[company commander]] of A Company of the [[2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment|2nd Parachute Battalion]], part of the [[1st Parachute Brigade (United Kingdom)|1st Parachute Brigade]] of the [[1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)|1st Airborne Division]]. He was stationed in [[Grantham]], Lincolnshire during training. His tiger hunting exploits were well known, and his reputation was enhanced as he was able to obtain the use of an American [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Dakota]] aeroplane in which he flew all the company officers in the camp to London for a party at [[The Ritz London Hotel|the Ritz]].<ref name=sax />
When the [[Second World War]] broke out, Digby was not initially sent to fight in Europe. His sister Kit served in the [[Western Desert Campaign]] and was awarded the French [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)|Croix de guerre]] while serving with the [[Hadfield-Spears Ambulance Unit|Hadfield-Spears Unit]]. Upon hearing of his brother John's death at the [[Second Battle of El Alamein]] in late 1942 with the [[2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)|2nd Dragoon Guards, The Queen's Bays]], Digby volunteered for the [[airborne forces]] and transferred to the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]]. He was appointed as the [[company commander]] of A Company of the [[2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment|2nd Parachute Battalion]], part of the [[1st Parachute Brigade (United Kingdom)|1st Parachute Brigade]] of the [[1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)|1st Airborne Division]]. He was stationed in [[Grantham]], Lincolnshire, during training. His tiger hunting exploits were well known, and his reputation was enhanced as he was able to obtain the use of an American [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Dakota]] aeroplane in which he flew all the company officers in the camp to London for a party at [[The Ritz London Hotel|the Ritz]].<ref name=sax />


A Company was then chosen by the battalion's [[commanding officer]], [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] [[John Frost (British Army officer)|John Dutton Frost]], to lead the 2nd Parachute Battalion in the [[Battle of Arnhem]], part of [[Operation Market Garden]], because of Digby's reputation of being an aggressive commander. In preparation Digby, concerned about the unreliability of radios, educated his men on how to use [[bugle calls]] that had been used during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] for communication in case the radios failed. He also took an umbrella with his kit as a means of identification because he had trouble remembering passwords and felt that anyone who saw him with it would think that "only a bloody fool of an Englishman" would carry an umbrella into battle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turtlebunbury.com/family/bunburyfamily_lisnavagh/bunburyfamily_lisnavagh_hcmassy.html |title='The Major' Hugh Caruthers Massy (1914–1987)|publisher=Turtle Bunbury |date= |accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref>
A Company was then chosen by the battalion's [[commanding officer]], Lieutenant Colonel [[John Frost (British Army officer)|John Frost]], to lead the 2nd Parachute Battalion in the [[Battle of Arnhem]], part of [[Operation Market Garden]], because of Digby's reputation of being an aggressive commander. In preparation Digby, concerned about the unreliability of radios, educated his men on how to use [[bugle calls]] that had been used during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] for communication in case the radios failed. He also took an umbrella with his kit as a means of identification because he had trouble remembering passwords and felt that anyone who saw him with it would think that "only a bloody fool of an Englishman" would carry an umbrella into battle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turtlebunbury.com/family/bunburyfamily_lisnavagh/bunburyfamily_lisnavagh_hcmassy.html |title='The Major' Hugh Caruthers Massy (1914–1987)|publisher=Turtle Bunbury |access-date=30 April 2014}}</ref>


A Company were dropped away from the target of [[John Frost Bridge|Arnhem Bridge]] and had to go through [[Arnhem]] where the streets were blocked by German forces. Digby led his men through the back gardens of nearby houses instead of attempting to advance through the streets and thus avoided the Germans.<ref name=peg /> Digby and A Company managed to travel 8 miles in 7 hours while also taking prisoner 150 German soldiers including members of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]]. During the battle, Digby wore his [[red beret]] instead of a helmet and waved his umbrella while walking about the defences despite heavy mortar fire. When the Germans started using tanks to cross the bridge, Digby led a [[bayonet charge]] against them wearing a [[bowler hat]]. He later disabled a German [[armored car (military)|armoured car]] with his umbrella, incapacitating the driver by shoving the umbrella through the car's observational slit and poking the driver in the eye.<ref name=peg />
A Company was dropped away from the target of [[John Frost Bridge|Arnhem Bridge]] and had to go through [[Arnhem]], where the streets were blocked by German forces. Digby led his men through the back gardens of nearby houses instead of attempting to advance through the streets and thus avoided the Germans.<ref name=peg /> Digby and A Company managed to travel 8 miles in 7 hours while also taking prisoner 150 German soldiers, including members of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]]. During the battle, Digby wore his [[maroon beret]] instead of a helmet and waved his umbrella while walking about the defences despite heavy mortar fire. When the Germans started using tanks to cross the bridge, Digby led a [[bayonet charge]] against them wearing a [[bowler hat]]. He later disabled a German [[armored car (military)|armoured car]] with his umbrella, incapacitating the driver by shoving the umbrella through the car's observational slit and poking the driver in the eye.<ref name=peg />


Digby then noticed the [[Military chaplain|chaplain]] pinned down by enemy fire while trying to cross the street to get to injured soldiers. Digby got to him and said "Don't worry about the bullets, I've got an umbrella". He then escorted the chaplain across the street under his umbrella. When he returned to the front line, one of his fellow officers said about his umbrella that "that thing won't do you any good", to which Digby replied "Oh my goodness Pat, but what if it rains?"<ref name=mam>{{cite book | first =Jon E. | last =Lewis | title =The Mammoth Book of Heroes| publisher = Constable & Robinson | location = | year = 2012| isbn = 978-1780337258 | chapter = Obituary: Digby Tatham-Warter}}</ref> Digby was later injured by shrapnel, which also cut open the rear of his trousers but continued to fight until A Company had run out of ammunition. Despite the radios being unreliable as Digby had predicted and the bugle calls being used most in the battle, the message "out of ammo, God save The King" was radioed out before Digby was captured.<ref>{{cite book | first =Allan | last =Mallinson | title = The Making of the British Army| publisher = Random House | location = | year = 2009| isbn = 978-1409085812 | page = 488}}</ref>
Digby then noticed the [[Military chaplain|chaplain]] pinned down by enemy fire while trying to cross the street to get to injured soldiers. Digby got to him and said "Don't worry about the bullets, I've got an umbrella". He then escorted the chaplain across the street under his umbrella. When he returned to the front line, one of his fellow officers said about his umbrella that "that thing won't do you any good", to which Digby replied "Oh my goodness Pat, but what if it rains?"<ref name=mam>{{cite book | first =Jon E. | last =Lewis | title =The Mammoth Book of Heroes| publisher = Constable & Robinson | year = 2012| isbn = 978-1780337258 | chapter = Obituary: Digby Tatham-Warter}}</ref> Digby was later injured by shrapnel, which also cut open the rear of his trousers, but continued to fight until A Company had run out of ammunition. Despite the radios being unreliable as Digby had predicted and the bugle calls being used most in the battle, the message "out of ammo, God save The King" was radioed out before Digby was captured.<ref>{{cite book | first =Allan | last =Mallinson | title = The Making of the British Army| publisher = Random House | year = 2009| isbn = 978-1409085812 | page = 488}}</ref>


Because of his injury, Digby was sent to St Elizabeth's Hospital but escaped out of a window with his second in command Captain Tony Frank, when the German nurses had left them alone. After creating an escape compass from buttons on his uniform, Digby and Frank headed towards Mariendaal. Upon arriving, they were hidden by a Dutch woman who spoke no English before being put in contact with her neighbour. He disguised them as painters and moved them to Derk Wildeboer's house. Wildeboer was a local leader of the [[Dutch Resistance]] in [[Ede, Netherlands|Ede]]. They then met Menno de Nooy of the Dutch Resistance who gave them a bicycle. Wildeboer had a fake [[Dutch identity card]] made for Digby to allow him to pose as Peter Jensen, a [[deaf-mute]] son of a lawyer.<ref name=peg /> Digby used the bicycle to visit fellow soldiers in hiding and the Germans did not recognise him despite him helping to push a Nazi staff car out of a ditch and German soldiers being billeted in the same house that he was staying in.<ref name=peg /> Digby then gathered 150 escaped soldiers to head towards the front line. This was known as [[Operation Pegasus]]. Digby and the soldiers cycled to the [[Rhine]] and Digby flashed a [[V sign|V for Victory]] sign using [[Morse Code]] with his [[flashlight|torch]]. Members of [[XXX Corps (United Kingdom)|XXX Corps]] then ferried them across the river. Upon return to the United Kingdom, Digby was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]].<ref name=mam />
Because of his injury, Digby was sent to St Elizabeth's Hospital but escaped out of a window with his second-in-command, Captain Tony Frank, when the German nurses left them alone. After creating an escape compass from buttons on his uniform, Digby and Frank headed towards Mariendaal. Upon arriving, they were hidden by a Dutch woman who spoke no English, before being put in contact with her neighbour. He disguised them as painters and moved them to Derk Wildeboer's house. Wildeboer was a local leader of the [[Dutch Resistance]] in [[Ede, Netherlands|Ede]]. They then met Menno de Nooy of the Dutch Resistance, who gave them a bicycle. Wildeboer had a fake [[Dutch identity card]] made for Digby to allow him to pose as Peter Jensen, the [[deaf-mute]] son of a lawyer.<ref name=peg /> Digby used the bicycle to visit fellow soldiers in hiding and the Germans did not recognise him despite him helping to push a Nazi staff car out of a ditch and German soldiers being billeted in the same house in which he was staying.<ref name=peg /> Digby then gathered 150 escaped soldiers to head towards the front line. This was known as [[Operation Pegasus]]. Digby and the soldiers cycled to the [[Rhine]] and Digby flashed a [[V sign|V for Victory]] sign using [[Morse Code]] with his [[flashlight|torch]]. Members of [[XXX Corps (United Kingdom)|XXX Corps]] then ferried them across the river. Upon return to the United Kingdom, Digby was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]].<ref name=mam /> He also wrote a report on the Battle of Arnhem Bridge that resulted in Lieutenant [[Jack Grayburn]]'s posthumously receiving a promotion to captain and being awarded the [[Victoria Cross]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theparachuteregimentalassociation.com/the-victoria-cross/ |title=The Victoria Cross |publisher=The Parachute Regiment |accessdate=8 January 2021 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730152514/https://theparachuteregimentalassociation.com/the-victoria-cross/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Later life==
== Post-Second World War ==
After the war ended, Digby served in British-controlled [[Mandatory Palestine]] before being appointed to the 5th [[King's African Rifles]] in [[British Kenya]] in 1946, where he also bought two estates in [[Eburru]] and [[Nanyuki]].<ref name=peg /> During the [[Mau Mau Uprising]], Digby raised a volunteer mounted police force at his own expense and led them into battle against the [[Mau Mau]].<ref name=sax /> After that, he retired to run his estates. He also created the concept of the modern [[safari]] where animals would be photographed rather than hunted.<ref name=sax /> During [[Kenyan independence]], it is reported that the British Defence staff told the [[British High Commissioner]] to "look after Tatham-Warter".<ref name=sax />
After the war ended, Digby served in British-controlled [[Mandatory Palestine]] before being appointed to the 5th [[King's African Rifles]] in [[British Kenya]] in 1946, where he also bought two estates in [[Eburru]] and [[Nanyuki]].<ref name=peg /> During the [[Mau Mau Uprising]], Digby raised a volunteer mounted police force at his own expense and led them into battle against the [[Kenya Land and Freedom Army|Mau Mau]].<ref name=sax /> He then retired to run his estates. He also created the concept of the modern [[safari]] where animals would be photographed rather than hunted.<ref name=sax /> During [[Kenyan independence]], it is reported that the British Defence staff told the [[British High Commissioner]] to "look after Tatham-Warter".<ref name=sax />


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Tatham-Warter married in 1949 Jane Boyd, daughter of Capt. Roderick Bulteel Boyd (farmer in [[Nanyuki]], Kenya<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=SexVGMnR5RgC&pg=PT81&lpg=PT81&dq=Roderick+Bulteel+Boyd+kenya&source=bl&ots=PEi22-rf2H&sig=ACfU3U2Zov894YIJkZgEzl_FKE75H7SqGw&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjA7979v9_oAhXE3YUKHRQCC5wQ6AEwC3oECAsQNg#v=onepage&q=Roderick%20Bulteel%20Boyd%20kenya&f=false The Official Gazette of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya], Vol. XL, N° 59, Serial N° B 41, p. 81, 6 Dec 1938.</ref>) and granddaughter of Arthur George Egerton, 5th [[Earl of Wilton]],<ref>[http://www.thepeerage.com/p32420.htm#i324198 Jane Boyd, Mrs. Tatham-Warter], #324198, ''thepeerage.com'', Sept 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/default.asp?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=3727 « Europeans In East Africa »], Name: BOYD, Roderick Bulteel, ''europeansineastafrica.co.uk'', 2020.</ref> and they had three daughters and several grandchildren. Their daughter Belinda Rose Tatham-Warter (b. 1954) married in Nanyuki German aristocrat Duke Friedrich von Oldenburg, great-grandson of [[Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Frederick Augustus II, last ruling Grand Duke of Oldenburg]].<ref>Almanach de Gotha, 187th edition, ed. John Kennedy, Almanach de Gotha Ltd, 2004, pp. 282-3</ref> Digby died in Nanyuki on 21 March 1993.<ref name=mam />
Tatham-Warter married in 1949 Jane Boyd, daughter of Captain Roderick Bulteel Boyd (farmer in [[Nanyuki]], Kenya)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SexVGMnR5RgC&dq=Roderick+Bulteel+Boyd+kenya&pg=PT81 |title=The Official Gazette of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya |date=1938-12-06 |volume=XL, N° 59, Serial N° B 41 |pages=81 |language=en}}</ref> and granddaughter of Arthur George Egerton, 5th [[Earl of Wilton]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=3727 |accessdate=2024-06-16 |website=europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> and they had three daughters and several grandchildren. Their daughter Belinda Rose Tatham-Warter (b. 1954) married in Nanyuki German aristocrat Friedrich von Oldenburg, great-grandson of [[Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Frederick Augustus II, last ruling Grand Duke of Oldenburg]].<ref>Almanach de Gotha, 187th edition, ed. John Kennedy, Almanach de Gotha Ltd, 2004, pp. 282–3</ref> Digby died in Nanyuki on 21 March 1993.<ref name=mam />


==In popular culture==
==See also==
Tatham-Warter served as the inspiration for the character of Major Harry Carlyle, who likewise carried an umbrella into battle, in the 1977 film ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]''. The role was played by [[Christopher Good]]. Although Tatham-Warter survived the Second World War, Carlyle is depicted as being a casualty of the Battle of Arnhem.

== See also ==
* [[Jack Churchill]]<!-- Another WWII eccentric Brit, carried longbow, broadsword, bagpipes. -->
* [[Jack Churchill]]<!-- Another WWII eccentric Brit, carried longbow, broadsword, bagpipes. -->
* [[Alfred Wintle]]<!-- Another WWI and WWII eccentric Brit -->


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Thornton|first=Neil|title=Arnhem Umbrella: Major Digby Tatham Warter DSO|publisher=Fonthill Media|year=2022|isbn=978-1874351276}}

==External links==
*[https://www.unithistories.com/officers/1AirbDiv_officersT.htm#Tatham%20Warter_AD 1st British Airborne Division officers]


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[[Category:King's African Rifles officers]]
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Latest revision as of 12:33, 17 July 2024

Digby Tatham-Warter
Digby in 1944
Birth nameAllison Digby Tatham-Warter
Nickname(s)"Digby"
Born(1917-05-21)21 May 1917
Atcham, Shropshire, England
Died21 March 1993(1993-03-21) (aged 75)
Nanyuki, Kenya
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service / branchBritish Army
Years of service1937–1946
RankMajor
Service number75060
UnitOxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
Parachute Regiment
Battles / warsSecond World War Mau Mau Uprising
AwardsDistinguished Service Order
Other workSafari operator

Major Allison Digby Tatham-Warter, DSO (21 May 1917 – 21 March 1993), also known as Digby Tatham-Warter or just Digby, was a British Army officer who fought in the Second World War and was famed for wearing a bowler hat and carrying an umbrella into battle.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Digby was born in Atcham, Shropshire, on 21 May 1917. He was the second son of Henry de Grey Tatham-Warter, a landowner with several estates in the southwest of England. Digby's father fought in the First World War with the Artists Rifles; he was gassed in the trenches and died when Digby was 11.[2] Digby was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire.

Early military career

[edit]

In 1935 he was accepted into the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.[3] Digby passed out of Sandhurst on 21 January 1937 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Unattached List for the British Indian Army with a view to joining the Indian Army due to his family connections.[4] He was attached to the 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, then serving in India, from 13 March 1937, and subsequently transferred to that regiment 27 April 1938 (never joining the Indian Army) so that he would be able to continue his hobbies of tiger hunting and pig sticking.[2][5][6]

Second World War

[edit]

When the Second World War broke out, Digby was not initially sent to fight in Europe. His sister Kit served in the Western Desert Campaign and was awarded the French Croix de guerre while serving with the Hadfield-Spears Unit. Upon hearing of his brother John's death at the Second Battle of El Alamein in late 1942 with the 2nd Dragoon Guards, The Queen's Bays, Digby volunteered for the airborne forces and transferred to the Parachute Regiment. He was appointed as the company commander of A Company of the 2nd Parachute Battalion, part of the 1st Parachute Brigade of the 1st Airborne Division. He was stationed in Grantham, Lincolnshire, during training. His tiger hunting exploits were well known, and his reputation was enhanced as he was able to obtain the use of an American Dakota aeroplane in which he flew all the company officers in the camp to London for a party at the Ritz.[2]

A Company was then chosen by the battalion's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel John Frost, to lead the 2nd Parachute Battalion in the Battle of Arnhem, part of Operation Market Garden, because of Digby's reputation of being an aggressive commander. In preparation Digby, concerned about the unreliability of radios, educated his men on how to use bugle calls that had been used during the Napoleonic Wars for communication in case the radios failed. He also took an umbrella with his kit as a means of identification because he had trouble remembering passwords and felt that anyone who saw him with it would think that "only a bloody fool of an Englishman" would carry an umbrella into battle.[7]

A Company was dropped away from the target of Arnhem Bridge and had to go through Arnhem, where the streets were blocked by German forces. Digby led his men through the back gardens of nearby houses instead of attempting to advance through the streets and thus avoided the Germans.[1] Digby and A Company managed to travel 8 miles in 7 hours while also taking prisoner 150 German soldiers, including members of the SS. During the battle, Digby wore his maroon beret instead of a helmet and waved his umbrella while walking about the defences despite heavy mortar fire. When the Germans started using tanks to cross the bridge, Digby led a bayonet charge against them wearing a bowler hat. He later disabled a German armoured car with his umbrella, incapacitating the driver by shoving the umbrella through the car's observational slit and poking the driver in the eye.[1]

Digby then noticed the chaplain pinned down by enemy fire while trying to cross the street to get to injured soldiers. Digby got to him and said "Don't worry about the bullets, I've got an umbrella". He then escorted the chaplain across the street under his umbrella. When he returned to the front line, one of his fellow officers said about his umbrella that "that thing won't do you any good", to which Digby replied "Oh my goodness Pat, but what if it rains?"[8] Digby was later injured by shrapnel, which also cut open the rear of his trousers, but continued to fight until A Company had run out of ammunition. Despite the radios being unreliable as Digby had predicted and the bugle calls being used most in the battle, the message "out of ammo, God save The King" was radioed out before Digby was captured.[9]

Because of his injury, Digby was sent to St Elizabeth's Hospital but escaped out of a window with his second-in-command, Captain Tony Frank, when the German nurses left them alone. After creating an escape compass from buttons on his uniform, Digby and Frank headed towards Mariendaal. Upon arriving, they were hidden by a Dutch woman who spoke no English, before being put in contact with her neighbour. He disguised them as painters and moved them to Derk Wildeboer's house. Wildeboer was a local leader of the Dutch Resistance in Ede. They then met Menno de Nooy of the Dutch Resistance, who gave them a bicycle. Wildeboer had a fake Dutch identity card made for Digby to allow him to pose as Peter Jensen, the deaf-mute son of a lawyer.[1] Digby used the bicycle to visit fellow soldiers in hiding and the Germans did not recognise him despite him helping to push a Nazi staff car out of a ditch and German soldiers being billeted in the same house in which he was staying.[1] Digby then gathered 150 escaped soldiers to head towards the front line. This was known as Operation Pegasus. Digby and the soldiers cycled to the Rhine and Digby flashed a V for Victory sign using Morse Code with his torch. Members of XXX Corps then ferried them across the river. Upon return to the United Kingdom, Digby was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.[8] He also wrote a report on the Battle of Arnhem Bridge that resulted in Lieutenant Jack Grayburn's posthumously receiving a promotion to captain and being awarded the Victoria Cross.[10]

Later life

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After the war ended, Digby served in British-controlled Mandatory Palestine before being appointed to the 5th King's African Rifles in British Kenya in 1946, where he also bought two estates in Eburru and Nanyuki.[1] During the Mau Mau Uprising, Digby raised a volunteer mounted police force at his own expense and led them into battle against the Mau Mau.[2] He then retired to run his estates. He also created the concept of the modern safari where animals would be photographed rather than hunted.[2] During Kenyan independence, it is reported that the British Defence staff told the British High Commissioner to "look after Tatham-Warter".[2]

Personal life

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Tatham-Warter married in 1949 Jane Boyd, daughter of Captain Roderick Bulteel Boyd (farmer in Nanyuki, Kenya)[11] and granddaughter of Arthur George Egerton, 5th Earl of Wilton,[12] and they had three daughters and several grandchildren. Their daughter Belinda Rose Tatham-Warter (b. 1954) married in Nanyuki German aristocrat Friedrich von Oldenburg, great-grandson of Frederick Augustus II, last ruling Grand Duke of Oldenburg.[13] Digby died in Nanyuki on 21 March 1993.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Major Digby Tatham-Warter". Pegasus Archive. 17 September 1944. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Histories: Digby Tatham-Warter (1917–1993): The Tatham Family of County Durham". Saxon Lodge. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  3. ^ "Allison Digby Tatham-Warter b. 26 May 1917 Atcham d. 21 Mar 1993 Nanyuki, Kenya: The Tatham Family of County Durham". Saxon Lodge. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  4. ^ "No. 34364". The London Gazette. 29 January 1937. p. 622.
  5. ^ October 1937 Indian Army List
  6. ^ London Gazette 26 April 1938
  7. ^ "'The Major' Hugh Caruthers Massy (1914–1987)". Turtle Bunbury. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  8. ^ a b c Lewis, Jon E. (2012). "Obituary: Digby Tatham-Warter". The Mammoth Book of Heroes. Constable & Robinson. ISBN 978-1780337258.
  9. ^ Mallinson, Allan (2009). The Making of the British Army. Random House. p. 488. ISBN 978-1409085812.
  10. ^ "The Victoria Cross". The Parachute Regiment. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  11. ^ The Official Gazette of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya. Vol. XL, N° 59, Serial N° B 41. 6 December 1938. p. 81.
  12. ^ "Europeans In East Africa - View entry". europeansineastafrica.co.uk. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  13. ^ Almanach de Gotha, 187th edition, ed. John Kennedy, Almanach de Gotha Ltd, 2004, pp. 282–3

Bibliography

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  • Thornton, Neil (2022). Arnhem Umbrella: Major Digby Tatham Warter DSO. Fonthill Media. ISBN 978-1874351276.
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