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Eastern Neisse: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 50°49′9″N 17°39′30″E / 50.81917°N 17.65833°E / 50.81917; 17.65833
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{{Infobox river
{{Geobox|River
| name = Eastern Neisse <br />''(Nysa Kłodzka)''
| name = Eastern Neisse <br />''(Nysa Kłodzka)''
| image = Rezerwat Dębina 015.JPG
| name_native =
| name_native_lang =
⚫
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| name_other =
| country = Poland
| name_etymology =
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
⚫
| state =
| region = Lower Silesian Voivodeship
| image = 2014 Kłodzko, starówka 09.JPG
| region1 = Opole Voivodeship
| image_size =
| image_caption = Nysa Kłodzka in Kłodzko
| length = 195
| watershed = 4565
| map = Glatzerneisse.png
| discharge_location = mouth
| map_size =
| discharge_average = 574
| map_caption = Oder basin, Nysa Kłodzka in red
| discharge_max =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
⚫
| discharge_min =
| pushpin_map_caption=
⚫
| discharge1_location =
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| discharge1_average =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| source_name =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Poland]]
⚫
| source_location = [[Jodłów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Jodłów]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| source_district =
| subdivision_name2 =
| source_region = Lower Silesian Voivodeship
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| source_state =
| subdivision_name3 = [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]], [[Opole Voivodeship]]
| source_country = Poland
| subdivision_type4 =
⚫
| source_coordinates = {{coord|50|9|45|N|16|45|8|E|display=inline}}
| subdivision_name4 =
| source_elevation =
| subdivision_type5 =
| source_length =
| subdivision_name5 =
| mouth_name = Oder
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
⚫
| mouth_location = [[Rybna, Opole Voivodeship|Rybna]]
| mouth_district =
| length = {{convert|189|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| mouth_region = Opole Voivodeship
| width_min =
| mouth_state =
| width_avg =
| mouth_country = Poland
| width_max =
| capital_coordinates =
| depth_min =
⚫
| depth_avg =
⚫
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|50|49|9|N|17|39|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| depth_max =
⚫
| discharge1_location= [[mouth]]
| tributary_left =
| tributary_left1 =
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|37.7|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| tributary_right =
| tributary_right1 =
| discharge1_max =
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| map = Glatzerneisse.png
| map_size =
| source1 =
⚫
| source1_location = [[Jodłów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Jodłów]], [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]], [[Poland]]
| map_caption = Oder basin, Nysa Kłodzka in red
⚫
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|50|9|53|N|16|47|20|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation = 1006 m
⚫
| mouth = [[Oder]]
⚫
| mouth_location = [[Rybna, Opole Voivodeship|Rybna]], [[Opole Voivodeship]], [[Poland]]
⚫
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|50|49|9|N|17|39|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation = 139 m
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{convert|4570|km2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label = Progression
| custom_data = {{ROder}}
⚫
| extra =
}}
}}
The '''Eastern Neisse''',<ref name=Plokhy/> also known by its Polish name of '''Nysa Kłodzka''' ({{lang-de|Glatzer Neiße}}, {{lang-cs|Kladská Nisa}}), is a [[river]] in southwestern [[Poland]], a left tributary of the [[Oder]], with a length of 195&nbsp;km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,566&nbsp;km² (3,744 in Poland).
The '''Eastern Neisse''',<ref name=Plokhy/> also known by its Polish name of '''Nysa Kłodzka''' ({{langx|de|Glatzer Neiße}}, {{langx|cs|Kladská Nisa}}), is a [[river]] in southwestern [[Poland]], a left tributary of the [[Oder]], with a length of 188&nbsp;km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,570&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (3,742 in Poland).<ref>[http://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/en/defaultaktualnosci/3328/2/17/1/statistical_yearbook_of_the_republic_of_poland_2017.pdf Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017], [[Central Statistical Office (Poland)|Statistics Poland]], p. 85-86</ref>


Before 1945 the area was part of Germany. During the [[Yalta Conference]] it was discussed by the [[Allies of World War II|Western Allies]] as one possible line of the western Polish border. Attempts were made to negotiate a compromise with the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] on the new Polish-German frontier; it was suggested that the Eastern Neisse be made the line of demarcation. This would have meant that (East) Germany could have retained approximately half of Silesia, including most of [[Wrocław]]. However the Soviets rejected the suggestion at the [[Potsdam Conference]] and insisted that the southern boundary between Germany and Poland be drawn further west, at the [[Lusatian Neisse]].<ref>Brogan, Patrick (1990). ''The Captive Nations: Eastern Europe, 1945-1990''. Avon books, p. 18. {{ISBN|0380763044}}</ref><ref name=Plokhy>Plokhy S.M. ''Yalta: The Price of Peace'', New York: Viking, 2010.</ref>
Prior to [[World War II]] it was part of [[Germany]]. During the [[Yalta Conference]] it was discussed by the [[Allies of World War II|Western Allies]] as one possible line of the western Polish border. Attempts were made to negotiate a compromise with the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] on the new Polish-German frontier; it was suggested that the Eastern Neisse be made the line of demarcation. This would have meant that (East) Germany could have retained approximately half of Silesia, including most of [[Wrocław]] (formerly Breslau). However the Soviets rejected the suggestion at the [[Potsdam Conference]] and insisted that the southern boundary between Germany and Poland be drawn further west, at the [[Lusatian Neisse]],<ref>Brogan, Patrick (1990). ''The Captive Nations: Eastern Europe, 1945-1990''. Avon books, p. 18. {{ISBN|0380763044}}</ref><ref name="Plokhy">Plokhy S.M. ''Yalta: The Price of Peace'', New York: Viking, 2010.</ref> in some way reintroducing the border to the place from the [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|beginnings of Polish statehood]], i.e. west of [[Legnica]] Town, important for [[Bolesław IV the Curly]] and [[Henry the Bearded]], two Polish [[Princeps]]es.<ref>"U źródeł Polski (do roku 1038" (Foundations of Poland (until year 1038)), [[Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie]], Wrocław 2002, {{ISBN|83-7023-954-4}}</ref><ref>Benedykt Zientara, Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy, Wydawnictwo TRIO, Warszawa 1997, {{ISBN|83-7436-056-9}}</ref>


==Floods==
==Floods==
The Eastern Neisse originates in the [[Śnieżnik Mountains|Śnieżnik]] mountain range of the [[Sudetes]], near the border with the [[Czech Republic]]. It is partially regulated. The river has often left its banks and flooded nearby towns, at times destroying them completely. Town chronicles from [[Kłodzko]] mention [[flood]]s in the following years:
The Eastern Neisse originates in the [[Králický Sněžník Mountains]] of the [[Sudetes]], near the border with the [[Czech Republic]]. It is partially regulated. The river has often burst its banks and flooded nearby towns, at times destroying them completely. Town chronicles from [[Kłodzko]] mention [[flood]]s in the following years:


* 14th century: 1310
* 14th century: 1310
Line 56: Line 70:
* 19th century: 1804, 1806, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1831, 1850, 1854, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1891, 1897
* 19th century: 1804, 1806, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1831, 1850, 1854, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1891, 1897
* 20th century: 1900, 1903, 1907, 1938, 1952, 1997, 1998
* 20th century: 1900, 1903, 1907, 1938, 1952, 1997, 1998
* 21st century: 2024


==Towns==
==Towns==
Line 66: Line 81:
* [[Kłodzko]] (''Glatz'')
* [[Kłodzko]] (''Glatz'')
* [[Lewin Brzeski]] (''Löwen'')
* [[Lewin Brzeski]] (''Löwen'')
* [[Międzylesie]] (''Mittelwalde'') - both names mean "Middle Wood"
* [[Międzylesie]] (''Mittelwalde'') - both names mean "middle of the woods"
* [[Nysa, Poland|Nysa]] (''Neiße'')
* [[Nysa, Poland|Nysa]] (''Neiße'')
* [[Otmuchów]] (''Ottmachau'')
* [[Otmuchów]] (''Ottmachau'')
* [[Paczków]] (''Patschkau'')
* [[Paczków]] (''Patschkau'')

==See also==
==See also==
{{Commons category|Nysa Kłodzka}}
{{Commons category|Nysa Kłodzka}}
* [[Lusatian Neisse]] (''Lužická Nisa'', ''Nysa Łużycka'')
* [[Lusatian Neisse]] (''Lužická Nisa'', ''Nysa Łużycka'')
* [[Raging Neisse]] (''Nysa Szalona'')
* [[Raging Neisse]] (''Nysa Szalona'')
* [[Nysa Mała]] (''Little Neisse'')
* [[Rivers of Poland]]
* [[Rivers of Poland]]
* [[Geography of Poland]]
* [[Geography of Poland]]
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[[Category:Rivers of Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Rivers of Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Rivers of Opole Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Rivers of Opole Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Oder basin]]

Latest revision as of 16:26, 23 October 2024

Eastern Neisse
(Nysa Kłodzka)
Nysa Kłodzka in Kłodzko
Oder basin, Nysa Kłodzka in red
Location
CountryPoland
RegionLower Silesian Voivodeship, Opole Voivodeship
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationJodłów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
 • coordinates50°9′53″N 16°47′20″E / 50.16472°N 16.78889°E / 50.16472; 16.78889
 • elevation1006 m
MouthOder
 • location
Rybna, Opole Voivodeship, Poland
 • coordinates
50°49′9″N 17°39′30″E / 50.81917°N 17.65833°E / 50.81917; 17.65833
 • elevation
139 m
Length189 km (117 mi)
Basin size4,570 km2 (1,760 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationmouth
 • average37.7 m3/s (1,330 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionOder→ Baltic Sea

The Eastern Neisse,[1] also known by its Polish name of Nysa Kłodzka (German: Glatzer Neiße, Czech: Kladská Nisa), is a river in southwestern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder, with a length of 188 km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,570 km2 (3,742 in Poland).[2]

Prior to World War II it was part of Germany. During the Yalta Conference it was discussed by the Western Allies as one possible line of the western Polish border. Attempts were made to negotiate a compromise with the Soviets on the new Polish-German frontier; it was suggested that the Eastern Neisse be made the line of demarcation. This would have meant that (East) Germany could have retained approximately half of Silesia, including most of Wrocław (formerly Breslau). However the Soviets rejected the suggestion at the Potsdam Conference and insisted that the southern boundary between Germany and Poland be drawn further west, at the Lusatian Neisse,[3][1] in some way reintroducing the border to the place from the beginnings of Polish statehood, i.e. west of Legnica Town, important for Bolesław IV the Curly and Henry the Bearded, two Polish Princepses.[4][5]

Floods

[edit]

The Eastern Neisse originates in the Králický Sněžník Mountains of the Sudetes, near the border with the Czech Republic. It is partially regulated. The river has often burst its banks and flooded nearby towns, at times destroying them completely. Town chronicles from Kłodzko mention floods in the following years:

  • 14th century: 1310
  • 15th century: 1441, 1464, 1474
  • 16th century: 1500, 1522, 1524, 1560, 1566, 1570, 1587, 1589, 1591, 1598,
  • 17th century: 1602, 1603, 1605, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1625, 1646, 1652, 1655, 1689, 1693, 1696
  • 18th century: 1702, 1703, 1713, 1724, 1735, 1736, 1740, 1755, 1763, 1767, 1775, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1799
  • 19th century: 1804, 1806, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1831, 1850, 1854, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1891, 1897
  • 20th century: 1900, 1903, 1907, 1938, 1952, 1997, 1998
  • 21st century: 2024

Towns

[edit]

Until 1945, these communities were situated on German territory and largely populated by Germans before they were driven out at the end of the Second World War. German names are indicated in italics.

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nysa Kłodzka.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Plokhy S.M. Yalta: The Price of Peace, New York: Viking, 2010.
  2. ^ Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017, Statistics Poland, p. 85-86
  3. ^ Brogan, Patrick (1990). The Captive Nations: Eastern Europe, 1945-1990. Avon books, p. 18. ISBN 0380763044
  4. ^ "U źródeł Polski (do roku 1038" (Foundations of Poland (until year 1038)), Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław 2002, ISBN 83-7023-954-4
  5. ^ Benedykt Zientara, Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy, Wydawnictwo TRIO, Warszawa 1997, ISBN 83-7436-056-9
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