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{{Short description|Jewish swing band playing in the German Theresienstadt concentration camp.}}
[[File:Ghetto Swingers Theresienstadt 1944 10.jpg|thumb|The ''Ghetto Swingers'' playing in the 1944 propaganda film.|alt=From left to right: three standing saxophone players, one sitting guitar player, one accordion player, one fiddler, one conductor and one barely visible drummer. All are men and wear six-pointed stars.]]
[[File:Ghetto Swingers Theresienstadt 1944 20.jpg|thumb|Another frame of the film|alt=From left to right: two standing saxophone players, one sitting guitar player, one accordion player, one fiddler, one conductor and one drummer. All are men and wear six-pointed stars.]]
<!-- Commented out: [[File:Weiss.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|A poster for a music performance of the [[Fritz Weiss]] Quintet, [[Hermann Cerini]] (piano), [[Viktor Kohn]], Dr. Brammer (piano) and the Swing-Club in the [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]], created by K. Heřmann.]] -->
<!-- Commented out: [[File:Weiss.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|A poster for a music performance of the [[Fritz Weiss]] Quintet, [[Hermann Cerini]] (piano), [[Viktor Kohn]], Dr. Brammer (piano) and the Swing-Club in the [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]], created by K. Heřmann.]] -->
The '''Ghetto Swingers''' were a jazz band organised in the Nazi concentration camp [[Theresienstadt]].<ref>Ruth Elias ''Triumph of Hope: From Theresienstadt and Auschwitz to Israel'' 1999 p. 288 "Finally, we arrived home — home in the Theresienstadt ghetto. We were alive. Had they counted us? ... there was always some form of entertainment, usually light popular music performed by singers and a jazz band, the Ghetto Swingers."</ref>
The '''Ghetto Swingers''' were a jazz band organised in the Nazi concentration camp [[Theresienstadt]].<ref>Ruth Elias ''Triumph of Hope: From Theresienstadt and Auschwitz to Israel'' 1999 p. 288 "Finally, we arrived home — home in the Theresienstadt ghetto. We were alive. Had they counted us? ... there was always some form of entertainment, usually light popular music performed by singers and a jazz band, the Ghetto Swingers."</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Kellie D. |title=The sound of hope: Music as solace, resistance and salvation during the holocaust and world war II |publisher=McFarland |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4766-7056-0 |pages=90–91}}</ref>


The original amateur Czech band playing in the Café of the Ghetto was led by [[Eric Vogel]] and Pavel Libensky. Vogel petitioned the Kommandant on January 8, 1943. The personnel of The Ghetto Swingers would be: Dr. Brammer (piano), Dr. Kurt Bauer (percussion), Fr. Goldschmidt (guitar), Fasal (bass), Ing. Vogel (trumpet), Langer (tenor sax and clarinet), and Fr. Mautner (trombone).<ref> Joža Karas ''Music in Terezín 1941–1945'' 1985 p. 151</ref>
The original amateur Czech band playing in the Café of the Ghetto was led by [[Eric Vogel]] and Pavel Libensky. Vogel petitioned the Kommandant on January 8, 1943. The personnel of The Ghetto Swingers would be: Dr. Brammer (piano), Dr. Kurt Bauer (percussion), Fr. Goldschmidt (guitar), Fasal (bass), Ing. Vogel (trumpet), Langer (tenor sax and clarinet), and Fr. Mautner (trombone).<ref>Joža Karas ''Music in Terezín 1941–1945'' 1985 p. 151</ref>


When the famous jazz pianist [[Martin Roman]] arrived in the camp he was asked to lead. The band appeared in a Theresienstadt cabaret review, known as the ''Karussell'' ("Carousel"). The Ghetto Swingers performed over fifty times, most frequently during June and July 1944. The cabarets were organised by [[Kurt Gerron]], who could draw upon the best talent in the camp.<ref>Michael Balfour – Theatre and war, 1933–1945: performance in extremis 2001 p. 154</ref> Both Roman and Gerron had come to Theresienstadt via the [[Westerbork transit camp]], and qualified for entry to Theresienstadt as "artists".<ref>Michael H. Kater Different drummers: jazz in the culture of Nazi Germany 1991 "A comfortable stay in Terezín was never guaranteed; periodically, transports were sent to Auschwitz, and they invariably consisted of the sick and elderly. p. 83 Roman and Gerron both qualified for entry into this camp as "artists".</ref>
When the famous jazz pianist [[Martin Roman]] arrived in the camp he was asked to lead. The band appeared in a Theresienstadt cabaret review, known as the ''Karussell'' ("Carousel"). The Ghetto Swingers performed over fifty times, most frequently during June and July 1944. The cabarets were organised by [[Kurt Gerron]], who could draw upon the best talent in the camp.<ref>Michael Balfour – Theatre and war, 1933–1945: performance in extremis 2001 p. 154</ref> Both Roman and Gerron had come to Theresienstadt via the [[Westerbork transit camp]], and qualified for entry to Theresienstadt as "artists".<ref>Michael H. Kater Different drummers: jazz in the culture of Nazi Germany 1991 "A comfortable stay in Terezín was never guaranteed; periodically, transports were sent to Auschwitz, and they invariably consisted of the sick and elderly. p. 83 Roman and Gerron both qualified for entry into this camp as "artists".</ref>


After the Red Cross visit to the camp, Commandant [[Karl Rahm]] instructed Gerron to make a propaganda film. Footage shows the Ghetto Swingers playing on the wooden pavilion built for [[Karel Ančerl]]'s string orchestra in the town's main square.<ref>Legacies of silence: the visual arts and the Holocaust memory p. 60 Glenn Sujo, Imperial War Museum (Great Britain) – 2001 "The renowned film producer and cabaret artist Kurt Gerron, interned in Theresienstadt, was a significant creative ... and is followed by footage of Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing in the town's main square"</ref> After the camp closed, the members of the jazz band were sent to Auschwitz.<ref>Dinah Shelton Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity 2005 "In the realm of jazz and popular music, Martin Roman led the Ghetto Swingers. ... Within a month most of Theresienstadt's cultural establishment, including Gerron and Haas, were deported to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. "</ref> Martin Roman and guitarist [[Coco Schumann]] survived. Kurt Gerron and clarinetist [[Fritz Weiss|Bedřich "Fritz" Weiss]] did not.
After the Red Cross visit to the camp, Commandant [[Karl Rahm]] instructed Gerron to make [[Theresienstadt (1944 film)|a propaganda film]]. Footage shows the Ghetto Swingers playing on the wooden pavilion built for [[Karel Ančerl]]'s string orchestra in the town's main square.<ref>Legacies of silence: the visual arts and the Holocaust memory p. 60 Glenn Sujo, Imperial War Museum (Great Britain) – 2001 "The renowned film producer and cabaret artist Kurt Gerron, interned in Theresienstadt, was a significant creative ... and is followed by footage of Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing in the town's main square"</ref> After the camp closed, the members of the jazz band were sent to Auschwitz.<ref>[[Dinah Shelton]] Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity 2005 "In the realm of jazz and popular music, Martin Roman led the Ghetto Swingers. ... Within a month most of Theresienstadt's cultural establishment, including Gerron and Haas, were deported to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. "</ref> Martin Roman and guitarist [[Coco Schumann]] survived. Kurt Gerron and clarinetist [[Fritz Weiss|Bedřich "Fritz" Weiss]] did not.


Schumann's 1997 biography<ref>''Coco Schumann: der Ghetto-Swinger : eine Jazzlegende erzählt'' Coco Schumann, Max Christian Graeff, [[Michaela Haas]] – 1997</ref> includes a photo of the Ghetto Swingers, with Roman, Schumann, Weiss (clarinet and saxophone), Fritz Goldschmidt (guitar), Nettl (accordion), Jetti Kantor and Ratner (violin), [[Josef Taussig]] (trombone)<ref>„Svêdectvi Josefa Taussiga" (Das Zeugnis von Josef Taussig)</ref> and others; Kohn, Chokkes, and [[Erich Vogel]] (trumpet), Donde (tenor saxophone), Pavel Libensky (double bass), and Fredy Haber (tenor).<ref>Joža Karas Music in Terezín, 1941–1945 p. 151 1990 "percussion; and Franta Goldschmidt was the guitarist, who unfortunately had to play on a very inferior instrument. Shortly after the establishment of the "café," on January 8, 1943. An engineer and amateur trumpet player, Erich Vogel.</ref> Some of the players overlapped with the Jazz-Quintet-Weiss.
Schumann's 1997 biography<ref>''Coco Schumann: der Ghetto-Swinger : eine Jazzlegende erzählt'' Coco Schumann, Max Christian Graeff, [[Michaela Haas]] – 1997</ref> includes a photo of the Ghetto Swingers, with Roman, Schumann, Weiss (clarinet and saxophone), Fritz Goldschmidt (guitar), Nettl (accordion), Jetti Kantor and Ratner (violin), [[Josef Taussig]] (trombone)<ref>„Svêdectvi Josefa Taussiga" (Das Zeugnis von Josef Taussig)</ref> and others; Kohn, Chokkes, and [[Erich Vogel]] (trumpet), Donde (tenor saxophone), Pavel Libensky (double bass), and Fredy Haber (tenor).<ref>Joža Karas Music in Terezín, 1941–1945 p. 151 1990 "percussion; and Franta Goldschmidt was the guitarist, who unfortunately had to play on a very inferior instrument. Shortly after the establishment of the "café," on January 8, 1943. An engineer and amateur trumpet player, Erich Vogel.</ref> Some of the players overlapped with the Jazz-Quintet-Weiss.
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*[[Swingjugend]]
*[[Swingjugend]]
*[[Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz]]
*[[Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz]]
*{{anli|Charlie and his Orchestra}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Theresienstadt}}
{{Theresienstadt}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:German jazz ensembles]]
[[Category:German jazz ensembles]]
[[Category:Theresienstadt Ghetto]]
[[Category:Theresienstadt Ghetto]]

Latest revision as of 14:39, 31 March 2024

From left to right: three standing saxophone players, one sitting guitar player, one accordion player, one fiddler, one conductor and one barely visible drummer. All are men and wear six-pointed stars.
The Ghetto Swingers playing in the 1944 propaganda film.
From left to right: two standing saxophone players, one sitting guitar player, one accordion player, one fiddler, one conductor and one drummer. All are men and wear six-pointed stars.
Another frame of the film

The Ghetto Swingers were a jazz band organised in the Nazi concentration camp Theresienstadt.[1][2]

The original amateur Czech band playing in the Café of the Ghetto was led by Eric Vogel and Pavel Libensky. Vogel petitioned the Kommandant on January 8, 1943. The personnel of The Ghetto Swingers would be: Dr. Brammer (piano), Dr. Kurt Bauer (percussion), Fr. Goldschmidt (guitar), Fasal (bass), Ing. Vogel (trumpet), Langer (tenor sax and clarinet), and Fr. Mautner (trombone).[3]

When the famous jazz pianist Martin Roman arrived in the camp he was asked to lead. The band appeared in a Theresienstadt cabaret review, known as the Karussell ("Carousel"). The Ghetto Swingers performed over fifty times, most frequently during June and July 1944. The cabarets were organised by Kurt Gerron, who could draw upon the best talent in the camp.[4] Both Roman and Gerron had come to Theresienstadt via the Westerbork transit camp, and qualified for entry to Theresienstadt as "artists".[5]

After the Red Cross visit to the camp, Commandant Karl Rahm instructed Gerron to make a propaganda film. Footage shows the Ghetto Swingers playing on the wooden pavilion built for Karel Ančerl's string orchestra in the town's main square.[6] After the camp closed, the members of the jazz band were sent to Auschwitz.[7] Martin Roman and guitarist Coco Schumann survived. Kurt Gerron and clarinetist Bedřich "Fritz" Weiss did not.

Schumann's 1997 biography[8] includes a photo of the Ghetto Swingers, with Roman, Schumann, Weiss (clarinet and saxophone), Fritz Goldschmidt (guitar), Nettl (accordion), Jetti Kantor and Ratner (violin), Josef Taussig (trombone)[9] and others; Kohn, Chokkes, and Erich Vogel (trumpet), Donde (tenor saxophone), Pavel Libensky (double bass), and Fredy Haber (tenor).[10] Some of the players overlapped with the Jazz-Quintet-Weiss.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ruth Elias Triumph of Hope: From Theresienstadt and Auschwitz to Israel 1999 p. 288 "Finally, we arrived home — home in the Theresienstadt ghetto. We were alive. Had they counted us? ... there was always some form of entertainment, usually light popular music performed by singers and a jazz band, the Ghetto Swingers."
  2. ^ Brown, Kellie D. (2020). The sound of hope: Music as solace, resistance and salvation during the holocaust and world war II. McFarland. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-1-4766-7056-0.
  3. ^ Joža Karas Music in Terezín 1941–1945 1985 p. 151
  4. ^ Michael Balfour – Theatre and war, 1933–1945: performance in extremis 2001 p. 154
  5. ^ Michael H. Kater Different drummers: jazz in the culture of Nazi Germany 1991 "A comfortable stay in Terezín was never guaranteed; periodically, transports were sent to Auschwitz, and they invariably consisted of the sick and elderly. p. 83 Roman and Gerron both qualified for entry into this camp as "artists".
  6. ^ Legacies of silence: the visual arts and the Holocaust memory p. 60 Glenn Sujo, Imperial War Museum (Great Britain) – 2001 "The renowned film producer and cabaret artist Kurt Gerron, interned in Theresienstadt, was a significant creative ... and is followed by footage of Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing in the town's main square"
  7. ^ Dinah Shelton Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity 2005 "In the realm of jazz and popular music, Martin Roman led the Ghetto Swingers. ... Within a month most of Theresienstadt's cultural establishment, including Gerron and Haas, were deported to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. "
  8. ^ Coco Schumann: der Ghetto-Swinger : eine Jazzlegende erzählt Coco Schumann, Max Christian Graeff, Michaela Haas – 1997
  9. ^ „Svêdectvi Josefa Taussiga" (Das Zeugnis von Josef Taussig)
  10. ^ Joža Karas Music in Terezín, 1941–1945 p. 151 1990 "percussion; and Franta Goldschmidt was the guitarist, who unfortunately had to play on a very inferior instrument. Shortly after the establishment of the "café," on January 8, 1943. An engineer and amateur trumpet player, Erich Vogel.
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