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A poster for a music performance of the Fritz Weiss Quintet, Hermann Cerini (piano), Viktor Kohn, Dr. Brammer (piano) and the Swing-Club in the Theresienstadt concentration camp, created by K. Heřmann.

The Ghetto Swingers were a jazz band organised in Theresienstadt.^[1]

The original amateur Czech band playing in the Cafe was led by Eric Vogel and Pavel Lipensky. Vogel petitioned the Kommandant on January 8, 1943. The personnel of The Ghetto Swingers would be Piano: Dr. Brammer, Percussion: Dr. Kurt Bauer, Guitar: Fr. Goldschmidt, Bass: Fasal, Trumpet: Ing. Vogel, Tenor Sax and Clarinet: Langer, Trombone: Fr. Mautner.^[2]

When the famous jazz pianist Martin Roman arrived in the camp he was asked to lead. The band and appeared in the Theresienstadt cabarets, known as the Carousel (Karussell), which performed over fifty times, most frequently during June and July 1944. The cabarets were organised by Kurt Gerron who could draw upon the best talent in the camp.^[3] Both Roman and Gerron had come to Theresienstadt via Westerbork and qualified for entry to Theresienstadt as "artists".^[4]

Commandant Rahm instructed Gerron to make a propaganda film for the Red Cross. Gerron's film shows footage of the Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing on the wooden pavilion built for Karel Ančerl's string orchestra in the town's main square.^[5] After the camp closed the members of the jazz band were sent to Auschwitz.^[6] Roman and the guitarist Coco Schumann survived. Gerron and the clarinetist Fritz Weiss did not.

Coco Schumann's biography (1997)^[7] shows a photo of the Ghetto-Swingers with Martin Roman, Coco Schumann, Bedřich "Fricek" Weiss (clarinet and saxophone), Fritz Goldschmidt (guitar), Nettl (accordion), Jetti Kantor and Ratner (violin), Josef Taussig (trombone)^[8] and others; Kohn, Chokkes and Erich Vogel (trumpet), Donde (tenor saxophone), Pavel Libensky (double bass), Fredy Haber (tenor).^[9] Some of the players overlapped with the Jazz-Quintet-Weiss.

References

^ Ruth Elias Triumph of Hope: From Theresienstadt and Auschwitz to Israel 1999 p288 "Finally, we arrived home — home in the Theresienstadt ghetto. We were alive. Had they counted us? ... there was always some form of entertainment, usually light popular music performed by singers and a jazz band, the Ghetto Swingers."
^ Joža Karas Music in Terezín 1941–1945 1985 p151
^ Michael Balfour – Theatre and war, 1933–1945: performance in extremis 2001 p154
^ Michael H. Kater Different drummers: jazz in the culture of Nazi Germany 1991 "A comfortable stay in Terezin was never guaranteed; periodically, transports were sent to Auschwitz, and they invariably consisted of the sick and elderly.83 Roman and Gerron both qualified for entry into this camp under the "artist" "
^ Legacies of silence: the visual arts and the Holocaust memory p60 Glenn Sujo, David Fraser Jenkins, Imperial War Museum (Great Britain) – 2001 "The renowned film producer and cabaret artist Kurt Gerron, interned in Theresienstadt, was a significant creative ... and is followed by footage of Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing in the town's main square"
^ Dinah Shelton Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity 2005 "In the realm of jazz and popular music, Martin Roman led the Ghetto Swingers. ... Within a month most of Theresienstadt's cultural establishment, including Gerron and Haas, were deported to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. "
^ Coco Schumann: der Ghetto-Swinger : eine Jazzlegende erzählt Coco Schumann, Max Christian Graeff, Michaela Haas – 1997
^ „Svêdectvi Josefa Taussiga" (Das Zeugnis von Josef Taussig)
^ Joža Karas Music in Terezín, 1941–1945 p151 1990 "percussion; and Franta Goldschmidt was the guitarist, who unfortunately had to play on a very inferior instrument Shortly after the establishment of the "cafe," on January 8, 1943. an engineer and amateur trumpet player, Erich Vogel,

[1] Ruth Elias Triumph of Hope: From Theresienstadt and Auschwitz to Israel 1999 p288 "Finally, we arrived home — home in the Theresienstadt ghetto. We were alive. Had they counted us? ... there was always some form of entertainment, usually light popular music performed by singers and a jazz band, the Ghetto Swingers."

[2] Joža Karas Music in Terezín 1941–1945 1985 p151

[3] Michael Balfour – Theatre and war, 1933–1945: performance in extremis 2001 p154

[4] Michael H. Kater Different drummers: jazz in the culture of Nazi Germany 1991 "A comfortable stay in Terezin was never guaranteed; periodically, transports were sent to Auschwitz, and they invariably consisted of the sick and elderly.83 Roman and Gerron both qualified for entry into this camp under the "artist" "

[5] Legacies of silence: the visual arts and the Holocaust memory p60 Glenn Sujo, David Fraser Jenkins, Imperial War Museum (Great Britain) – 2001 "The renowned film producer and cabaret artist Kurt Gerron, interned in Theresienstadt, was a significant creative ... and is followed by footage of Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing in the town's main square"

[6] Dinah Shelton Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity 2005 "In the realm of jazz and popular music, Martin Roman led the Ghetto Swingers. ... Within a month most of Theresienstadt's cultural establishment, including Gerron and Haas, were deported to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. "

[7] Coco Schumann: der Ghetto-Swinger : eine Jazzlegende erzählt Coco Schumann, Max Christian Graeff, Michaela Haas – 1997

[8] „Svêdectvi Josefa Taussiga" (Das Zeugnis von Josef Taussig)

[9] Joža Karas Music in Terezín, 1941–1945 p151 1990 "percussion; and Franta Goldschmidt was the guitarist, who unfortunately had to play on a very inferior instrument Shortly after the establishment of the "cafe," on January 8, 1943. an engineer and amateur trumpet player, Erich Vogel,

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 The '''Ghetto Swingers''' were a jazz band organised in [[Theresienstadt]].<ref>Ruth Elias ''Triumph of Hope: From Theresienstadt and Auschwitz to Israel'' 1999 p288 "Finally, we arrived home — home in the Theresienstadt ghetto. We were alive. Had they counted us? ... there was always some form of entertainment, usually light popular music performed by singers and a jazz band, the Ghetto Swingers."</ref>
-The original amateur Czech band playing in the Cafe was led by [[Eric Vogel]] and Pavel Lipensky. Vogel petitioned the Kommandant on January 8, 1943. The personnel of The Ghetto Swingers would be Piano: Dr. Brammer, Percussion: Dr. Kurt Bauer, Guitar: Fr. Goldschmidt, Bass: Fasal, Trumpet: Ing. Vogel, Tenor Sax and Clarinet: Langer, Trombone: Fr. Mautner.<ref> Joža Karas ''Music in Terezín 1941-1945'' 1985 p151</ref>
+The original amateur Czech band playing in the Cafe was led by [[Eric Vogel]] and Pavel Lipensky. Vogel petitioned the Kommandant on January 8, 1943. The personnel of The Ghetto Swingers would be Piano: Dr. Brammer, Percussion: Dr. Kurt Bauer, Guitar: Fr. Goldschmidt, Bass: Fasal, Trumpet: Ing. Vogel, Tenor Sax and Clarinet: Langer, Trombone: Fr. Mautner.<ref> Joža Karas ''Music in Terezín 1941–1945'' 1985 p151</ref>
-When the famous jazz pianist [[Martin Roman]] arrived in the camp he was asked to lead. The band and appeared in the Theresienstadt cabarets, known as the Carousel (Karussell), which performed over fifty times, most frequently during June and July 1944. The cabarets were organised by [[Kurt Gerron]] who could draw upon the best talent in the camp.<ref>Michael Balfour -Theatre and war, 1933-1945: performance in extremis 2001 p154</ref> Both Roman and Gerron had come to Theresienstadt via [[Westerbork]] and qualified for entry to Theresienstadt as "artists".<ref>Michael H. Kater Different drummers: jazz in the culture of Nazi Germany  1991 "A comfortable stay in Terezin was never guaranteed; periodically, transports were sent to Auschwitz, and they invariably consisted of the sick and elderly.83 Roman and Gerron both qualified for entry into this camp under the "artist" "</ref>
+When the famous jazz pianist [[Martin Roman]] arrived in the camp he was asked to lead. The band and appeared in the Theresienstadt cabarets, known as the Carousel (Karussell), which performed over fifty times, most frequently during June and July 1944. The cabarets were organised by [[Kurt Gerron]] who could draw upon the best talent in the camp.<ref>Michael Balfour – Theatre and war, 1933–1945: performance in extremis 2001 p154</ref> Both Roman and Gerron had come to Theresienstadt via [[Westerbork]] and qualified for entry to Theresienstadt as "artists".<ref>Michael H. Kater Different drummers: jazz in the culture of Nazi Germany  1991 "A comfortable stay in Terezin was never guaranteed; periodically, transports were sent to Auschwitz, and they invariably consisted of the sick and elderly.83 Roman and Gerron both qualified for entry into this camp under the "artist" "</ref>
-Commandant Rahm instructed Gerron to make a propaganda film for the Red Cross. Gerron's film shows footage of the  Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing on the wooden pavilion built for [[Karel Ančerl]]'s string orchestra in the town's main square.<ref>Legacies of silence: the visual arts and the Holocaust memory p60 Glenn Sujo, David Fraser Jenkins, Imperial War Museum (Great Britain) - 2001 "The renowned film producer and cabaret artist Kurt Gerron, interned in Theresienstadt, was a significant creative ... and is followed by footage of Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing in the town's main square"</ref> After the camp closed the members of the jazz band were sent to Auschwitz.<ref>Dinah Shelton Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity   2005 "In the realm of jazz and popular music, Martin Roman led the Ghetto Swingers. ... Within a month most of Theresienstadt's cultural establishment, including Gerron and Haas, were deported to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. "</ref> Roman and the guitarist [[Coco Schumann]] survived. Gerron and the clarinetist [[Fritz Weiss]] did not.
+Commandant Rahm instructed Gerron to make a propaganda film for the Red Cross. Gerron's film shows footage of the  Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing on the wooden pavilion built for [[Karel Ančerl]]'s string orchestra in the town's main square.<ref>Legacies of silence: the visual arts and the Holocaust memory p60 Glenn Sujo, David Fraser Jenkins, Imperial War Museum (Great Britain) – 2001 "The renowned film producer and cabaret artist Kurt Gerron, interned in Theresienstadt, was a significant creative ... and is followed by footage of Martin Roman's jazz ensemble, the 'Ghetto Swingers', playing in the town's main square"</ref> After the camp closed the members of the jazz band were sent to Auschwitz.<ref>Dinah Shelton Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity   2005 "In the realm of jazz and popular music, Martin Roman led the Ghetto Swingers. ... Within a month most of Theresienstadt's cultural establishment, including Gerron and Haas, were deported to the gas chambers of Auschwitz. "</ref> Roman and the guitarist [[Coco Schumann]] survived. Gerron and the clarinetist [[Fritz Weiss]] did not.
-Coco Schumann's biography (1997)<ref>''Coco Schumann: der Ghetto-Swinger : eine Jazzlegende erzählt'' Coco Schumann, Max Christian Graeff, Michaela Haas - 1997</ref> shows a photo of the Ghetto-Swingers with Martin Roman, Coco Schumann, [[Fritz Weiss|Bedřich "Fricek" Weiss]] (clarinet and saxophone), Fritz Goldschmidt (guitar), Nettl (accordion), Jetti Kantor and Ratner (violin), [[Josef Taussig]] (trombone)<ref>„Svêdectvi Josefa Taussiga" (Das Zeugnis von Josef Taussig)</ref> and others; Kohn, Chokkes and [[Erich Vogel]] (trumpet), Donde (tenor saxophone), Pavel Libensky (double bass), Fredy Haber (tenor).<ref>Joža Karas Music in Terezín, 1941-1945 p151 1990 "percussion; and Franta Goldschmidt was the guitarist, who unfortunately had to play on a very inferior instrument Shortly after the establishment of the "cafe," on January 8, 1943. an engineer and amateur trumpet player, Erich Vogel,</ref> Some of the players overlapped with the Jazz-Quintet-Weiss.
+Coco Schumann's biography (1997)<ref>''Coco Schumann: der Ghetto-Swinger : eine Jazzlegende erzählt'' Coco Schumann, Max Christian Graeff, Michaela Haas – 1997</ref> shows a photo of the Ghetto-Swingers with Martin Roman, Coco Schumann, [[Fritz Weiss|Bedřich "Fricek" Weiss]] (clarinet and saxophone), Fritz Goldschmidt (guitar), Nettl (accordion), Jetti Kantor and Ratner (violin), [[Josef Taussig]] (trombone)<ref>„Svêdectvi Josefa Taussiga" (Das Zeugnis von Josef Taussig)</ref> and others; Kohn, Chokkes and [[Erich Vogel]] (trumpet), Donde (tenor saxophone), Pavel Libensky (double bass), Fredy Haber (tenor).<ref>Joža Karas Music in Terezín, 1941–1945 p151 1990 "percussion; and Franta Goldschmidt was the guitarist, who unfortunately had to play on a very inferior instrument Shortly after the establishment of the "cafe," on January 8, 1943. an engineer and amateur trumpet player, Erich Vogel,</ref> Some of the players overlapped with the Jazz-Quintet-Weiss.
 ==References==