Gouri Bhanja: Difference between revisions
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| birth_name = Gouri Bose |
| birth_name = Gouri Bose |
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| birth_date = 1907 |
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| birth_date = <!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living artists, {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} for dead --> |
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| birth_place = [[Munger]], [[Bihar]], [[India]] |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1998|1907}} |
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| nationality = |
| nationality = [[Indian]] |
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| education = [[Kala Bhavana]] |
| education = [[Kala Bhavana]] |
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'''Gouri Bhanja''' (1907–1998) was an [[India|Indian]] artist best known for contributing to the original [[Illuminated manuscript|illuminated]] [[Constitution of India]] and for |
'''Gouri Bhanja''' (1907–1998) was an [[India|Indian]] artist best known for contributing to the original [[Illuminated manuscript|illuminated]] [[Constitution of India]] and for dedicating several decades of her life to teaching at [[Kala Bhavana]]. She was the eldest daughter of [[Nandalal Bose]], master of [[Indian art]]. |
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== Personal life == |
== Personal life == |
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Gouri Bhanja was born in 1907 in [[Munger]], [[Bihar]] in [[India]] to parents Sudhira Devi and [[Nandalal Bose]]. Her father, a highly respected artist himself, raised all of his children with deep involvement in the arts. Her younger brother [[Biswarup Bose]] and sister [[Jamuna Sen]] would also go on to make names for themselves in the Indian art world.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mandal |first=Panchanan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.303663 |title=Bharatshilpi Nandalal |publisher=Digital Library Of India |year=1968 |volume=1 |location=Kolkatta, West Bengal, India |language=Bengali |access-date=2023-11-12}}</ref> |
Gouri Bhanja was born in 1907 in [[Munger]], [[Bihar]] in [[India]] to parents Sudhira Devi and [[Nandalal Bose]]. Her father, a highly respected artist himself, raised all of his children with deep involvement in the arts. Her younger brother [[Biswarup Bose]] and sister [[Jamuna Sen]] would also go on to make names for themselves in the [[Indian art]] world.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mandal |first=Panchanan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.303663 |title=Bharatshilpi Nandalal |publisher=Digital Library Of India |year=1968 |volume=1 |location=Kolkatta, West Bengal, India |language=Bengali |access-date=2023-11-12}}</ref> |
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Following the completion of her education in 1926, Gouri married Santosh |
Following the completion of her education in 1926, Gouri married Santosh Bhanja, the son of one of her father's friends.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |title=The presence of women in the institutionalized space and their interventions: Kala bhavana (1920-1930) |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/133152/8/09_chapteriv.the%20presence%20of%20women%20in%20the%20institutionalised%20space%20and%20their%20interventions%20-%20kala%20bhavana(1920-1930).pdf |journal=[[Shodhganga]] |pages=196-202}}</ref> The pair had a daughter in 1928, [[Bani Patel]], who eventually followed family tradition and became an artist.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Varade |first=Arunesh |date=2021-11-26 |title=5 Women Artists who illustrated the Constitution of India |url=https://www.theheritagelab.in/women-artists-constitution-india/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=The Heritage Lab |language=en-GB}}</ref> They had at least one more child, a son named Pradyot.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Snodgrass |first=Mary Ellen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmiYEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en |title=Asian Women Artists: A Biographical Dictionary, 2700 BCE to Today |date=2022-11-01 |publisher=[[McFarland]] |isbn=978-1-4766-8925-8 |pages=77-78 |language=en-US |access-date=2023-11-12}}</ref> |
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== |
== Educations == |
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[[File:Constitution of India (calligraphic) 233.jpg|thumb|Illustration of [[Nataraja]] by Gouri Bhanja, [[Constitution of India]] p. 233]] |
[[File:Constitution of India (calligraphic) 233.jpg|thumb|Illustration of [[Nataraja]] by Gouri Bhanja, [[Constitution of India]] p. 233]] |
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Gouri Bhanja became a highly educated woman following the encouragement of her father, [[Nandalal Bose]], who continues to be regarded as a master in Indian painting and [[printmaking]]. In 1976, his name was included on a list of the nine most important, master Indian artists published by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2006-08-30 |title=The Nine Masters |url=http://chdmuseum.nic.in/art_gallery/nine_masters.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907065925/http://chdmuseum.nic.in/art_gallery/nine_masters.html |archive-date=2015-09-07 |website=Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India}}</ref> In 1922, Nandalal became the first principal of the [[Kala Bhavana]] [[Fine art|fine arts]] school at [[Visva-Bharati University]] in [[Shantiniketan|Santiniketan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-27 |title=Nandalal Bose |url=https://asiasociety.org/triennial/artist/nandalal-bose |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Asia Society Triennial |language=en}}</ref> Under his direction the school began admitting female students |
Gouri Bhanja became a highly educated woman following the encouragement of her father, [[Nandalal Bose]], who continues to be regarded as a master in Indian painting and [[printmaking]]. In 1976, his name was included on a list of the nine most important, master Indian artists published by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2006-08-30 |title=The Nine Masters |url=http://chdmuseum.nic.in/art_gallery/nine_masters.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907065925/http://chdmuseum.nic.in/art_gallery/nine_masters.html |archive-date=2015-09-07 |website=Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India}}</ref> In 1922, Nandalal became the first principal of the [[Kala Bhavana]] [[Fine art|fine arts]] school at [[Visva-Bharati University]] in [[Shantiniketan|Santiniketan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-27 |title=Nandalal Bose |url=https://asiasociety.org/triennial/artist/nandalal-bose |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Asia Society Triennial |language=en}}</ref> Under his direction the school began admitting female students soon after, and Gouri and her sister [[Jamuna Sen]] were included among the first cohorts admitted following extensive personal recommendations by [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Ayana |last2=Sen |first2=Soma |date=2023-09-01 |title=Discovering the lives of Bengal's women artists with Soma Sen |url=https://dagworld.com/discovering-the-lives-of-bengal-s-women-artists-with-soma-sen.html |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=DAG Galleries |language=en}}</ref> |
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Gouri received her [[diploma]] in painting at only 19, after studying under professors like her father and maternal uncle [[Surendranath Kar]].<ref name=":0" /> |
Gouri received her [[diploma]] in painting at only 19, after studying under professors like her father and maternal uncle [[Surendranath Kar]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Career == |
== Career == |
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Gouri Bhanja is known for reviving [[batik]] arts in [[Shantiniketan]] and [[North India|northern India]] in the 20th-century.<ref name=":2" /> She is also credited with establishing [[alpana]] art in the region, participating in the creation of alpana in [[Jabalpur]] and for [[Indian National Congress|Congress']] [[Haripura|Haipura]] meeting in 1938. At the invitation of her father Nandalal Bose, Gouri, her brother, and her daughter Bani Patel were both invited to contribute artwork to the original [[Constitution of India]] alongside artisans like [[Beohar Rammanohar Sinha]] and [[Dinanath Bhargava]].<ref name=":1" /> |
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| ⚫ | From 1928 until her retirement in 1972, Gouri Bhanja taught at [[Kala Bhavana]] in some capacity. She began her career in academics by teaching [[Fine art|fine arts]] and [[Crafts of India|crafts]] as an "honorary instructor" for several years, before earning her official instructor title from the institution in 1933. Bhanja taught as an [[assistant lecturer]] from 1957 until 1967, and spent the last 5 years of her career working as a [[lecturer]] until 1972.<ref name=":0" /> |
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In addition to her work as |
In addition to her work as an artist and educator, Gouri was an accomplished dancer. In 1926, [[Rabindranath Tagore]] invited her to be the lead actress in the first production of his original stage dance-drama ''[[Natir Puja]] (The Dancing Girl's Worship).'' Following the performance, Rabindranath told Gouri's father that "this girl has touched fire, keep her carefully".<ref name=":0" /> Bhanja also worked on other aspects of performance, designing and crafting costumes for early stage productions of ''[[Chitrangada (play)|Chitrangada]]'' and ''[[Tasher Desh]].<ref name=":1" />'' An elaborate, [[batik]] [[sari]] designed by Nandalal Bose and crafted by Gouri Bhanja for use in a 1940 Tagore production is concerned a prized item among the vast collections of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya|CSMVS]] Musuem in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Sabyasachi |date=2018-03-24 |title=CSMVS Mumbai Guide: Director's Top 10 Picks |url=https://www.theheritagelab.in/csmvs-guide-museum-directors-picks/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=The Heritage Lab |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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=== Academics === |
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| ⚫ | From 1928 until her retirement in 1972, Gouri Bhanja taught at [[Kala Bhavana]] in some capacity. She began her career in academics by teaching [[Fine art|fine arts]] and [[Crafts of India|crafts]] as an "honorary instructor" for several years, before earning her official instructor title from the institution in 1933. Bhanja taught as an [[assistant lecturer]] from 1957 until 1967, and spent the last 5 years of her career working as a [[lecturer]] until 1972.<ref name=":0" /> Gouri began working as head instructor in the craftwork department in 1938 following the sudden death of her mentor and fellow instructor Shukumari Devi. She continued Devi's work teaching [[alpana]] techniques to students, working with the school's administration and her students to decorate the school.<ref name=":2" /> |
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Over four and a half decades, she taught courses in [[Javanese culture|Javanese]] [[batik]], [[Embroidery of India|Indian embroidery]], [[Leather crafting|leatherwork]], [[Macramé|macrame]], [[bandhani]], and [[Manipuri Raas Leela|manipuri textiles]].<ref name=":3" /> In 1952, she led her students in the design and construction of [[Shantiniketan]]'s [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Republic Day Parade]] float.''<ref name=":1" />'' |
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=== Awards === |
=== Awards === |
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Revision as of 22:51, 12 November 2023
Gouri Bhanja | |
|---|---|
| Born | Gouri Bose 1907 |
| Died | 1998 (aged 90–91) |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | Kala Bhavana |
| Style | Batik |
| Relatives | Nandalal Bose (father)
Jamuna Sen (sister) Surendranath Kar (uncle) |
Gouri Bhanja (1907–1998) was an Indian artist best known for contributing to the original illuminated Constitution of India and for dedicating several decades of her life to teaching at Kala Bhavana. She was the eldest daughter of Nandalal Bose, master of Indian art.
Personal life
Gouri Bhanja was born in 1907 in Munger, Bihar in India to parents Sudhira Devi and Nandalal Bose. Her father, a highly respected artist himself, raised all of his children with deep involvement in the arts. Her younger brother Biswarup Bose and sister Jamuna Sen would also go on to make names for themselves in the Indian art world.[1]
Following the completion of her education in 1926, Gouri married Santosh Bhanja, the son of one of her father's friends.[2] The pair had a daughter in 1928, Bani Patel, who eventually followed family tradition and became an artist.[3] They had at least one more child, a son named Pradyot.[4]
Educations
_233.jpg)
Gouri Bhanja became a highly educated woman following the encouragement of her father, Nandalal Bose, who continues to be regarded as a master in Indian painting and printmaking. In 1976, his name was included on a list of the nine most important, master Indian artists published by the Government of India.[5] In 1922, Nandalal became the first principal of the Kala Bhavana fine arts school at Visva-Bharati University in Santiniketan.[6] Under his direction the school began admitting female students soon after, and Gouri and her sister Jamuna Sen were included among the first cohorts admitted following extensive personal recommendations by Rabindranath Tagore.[3][7]
Gouri received her diploma in painting at only 19, after studying under professors like her father and maternal uncle Surendranath Kar.[2]
Career
Gouri Bhanja is known for reviving batik arts in Shantiniketan and northern India in the 20th-century.[4] She is also credited with establishing alpana art in the region, participating in the creation of alpana in Jabalpur and for Congress' Haipura meeting in 1938. At the invitation of her father Nandalal Bose, Gouri, her brother, and her daughter Bani Patel were both invited to contribute artwork to the original Constitution of India alongside artisans like Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Dinanath Bhargava.[3]
In addition to her work as an artist and educator, Gouri was an accomplished dancer. In 1926, Rabindranath Tagore invited her to be the lead actress in the first production of his original stage dance-drama Natir Puja (The Dancing Girl's Worship). Following the performance, Rabindranath told Gouri's father that "this girl has touched fire, keep her carefully".[2] Bhanja also worked on other aspects of performance, designing and crafting costumes for early stage productions of Chitrangada and Tasher Desh.[3] An elaborate, batik sari designed by Nandalal Bose and crafted by Gouri Bhanja for use in a 1940 Tagore production is concerned a prized item among the vast collections of CSMVS Musuem in Mumbai.[8]
Academics
From 1928 until her retirement in 1972, Gouri Bhanja taught at Kala Bhavana in some capacity. She began her career in academics by teaching fine arts and crafts as an "honorary instructor" for several years, before earning her official instructor title from the institution in 1933. Bhanja taught as an assistant lecturer from 1957 until 1967, and spent the last 5 years of her career working as a lecturer until 1972.[2] Gouri began working as head instructor in the craftwork department in 1938 following the sudden death of her mentor and fellow instructor Shukumari Devi. She continued Devi's work teaching alpana techniques to students, working with the school's administration and her students to decorate the school.[4]
Over four and a half decades, she taught courses in Javanese batik, Indian embroidery, leatherwork, macrame, bandhani, and manipuri textiles.[7] In 1952, she led her students in the design and construction of Shantiniketan's Republic Day Parade float.[3]
Awards
- West Bengal Academy Prize, 1978.
- Honorary Doctorate of Letters, Rabindra Bharati University, 1991.
- Deshikottam (highest accolade awarded by institution), Visva-Bharati University, 1998.[2]
References
- ^ Mandal, Panchanan (1968). Bharatshilpi Nandalal (in Bengali). Vol. 1. Kolkatta, West Bengal, India: Digital Library Of India. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ a b c d e "The presence of women in the institutionalized space and their interventions: Kala bhavana (1920-1930)" (PDF). Shodhganga: 196–202.
- ^ a b c d e Varade, Arunesh (2021-11-26). "5 Women Artists who illustrated the Constitution of India". The Heritage Lab. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ a b c Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2022-11-01). Asian Women Artists: A Biographical Dictionary, 2700 BCE to Today. McFarland. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-1-4766-8925-8. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ "The Nine Masters". Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh, India. 2006-08-30. Archived from the original on 2015-09-07.
- ^ "Nandalal Bose". Asia Society Triennial. 2020-10-27. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ a b Bhattacharya, Ayana; Sen, Soma (2023-09-01). "Discovering the lives of Bengal's women artists with Soma Sen". DAG Galleries. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ Mukherjee, Sabyasachi (2018-03-24). "CSMVS Mumbai Guide: Director's Top 10 Picks". The Heritage Lab. Retrieved 2023-11-12.