Hôtel de Ville, Douai
| Hôtel de Ville | |
|---|---|
 The belfry and wings of the Hôtel de Ville in September 2011 | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | City hall |
| Architectural style | Gothic style |
| Location | Douai, France |
| Coordinates | 50°22′04″N 3°04′50″E / 50.3678°N 3.0806°E |
| Completed | 1410 |
The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil], City Hall) is a historic building in Douai, Nord, northern France, standing on the Rue de la Marie. It was designated a monument historique by the French government in 1862.[1]
History
Ferdinand, Count of Flanders gave the aldermen of Douai a charter in September 1228, but it was not until at least a century later that an ancient town hall was actually erected.[2] The oldest part of the current complex is the belfry, construction of which began in 1380. It was designed in the Gothic style and built in ashlar stone. When John the Fearless visited Douai in 1404, construction was well advanced but the turrets had not yet been added.[3] They were subsequently constructed, using stone from Bugnicourt, allowing the belfry to be completed in 1410.[4]
In the early 1460s, the aldermen demolished the ancient town hall and erected a new one. However, a major fire, in 1471, engulfed the new town hall and melted the bells in the belfry. In 1475, the belfry was repaired and the present spire was completed. New bells were cast and supplied by Messrs. Willem, Hoarken and Gobelin More. It was at this time that battlements, dormer windows, weather vanes and a spire with an octagonal base, were added to the belfry[5] which, with all these embellishments, rose to 150 feet (46 m).[6]
In 1473, Charles the Bold authorised the raising of finance for a new town hall. It took the form of a new wing to the west of the belfry: it was blind on the ground floor but fenestrated with nine mullioned windows with tracery on the first floor. A clock, designed and manufactured by Jean Chevalier and his nephew, Nicolas Chevalier, was installed in the belfry in 1663,[7] and new bells were cast and supplied by Nicolas Levache in 1730.[8]
In October 1792, during the French Revolution, revolutionaries tore down the statues of the 11 Counts of Flanders, ending in Philip II of Spain, that had been installed in niches on the wall of the town hall a quarter of a century previously.[9]
In the 19th century, further improvements were made to the town hall including a new wing to the east of the belfry, providing symmetry with the wing to the west, and new wings to the south, i.e. behind the main frontage, to complete the courtyard. Internally, the principal rooms were the la Salle des Gardes (the guardroom) which served as the council chamber and la Salle Blanc (the white room) which served as a room for ceremonies.[10] In 1837, the French Romantic writer and politician, Victor Hugo, wrote during a tour of the region: "Il y a là le plus joli beffroi que j'aie encore vu." ("It is the prettiest belfry that I have ever seen.") [11]
In September 1914, at the start of the First World War, German troops attacked the town and started shooting at allied troops in the town hall. The allied troops re-grouped in the courtyard and mounted a short-lived counterattack, before the Germans eventually occupied the town.[12]
In 2005, the belfry was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site.[13]
References
- ^ Base Mérimée: PA00107461, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Pilate-Prévost 1838, p. 7.
- ^ Pilate-Prévost 1838, p. 8.
- ^ Pilate-Prévost 1838, p. 9.
- ^ Pilate-Prévost 1838, p. 10.
- ^ Edwards, George Wharton (2018). Vanished Towers and Chimes of Flanders. Skeffington & Sons. ISBN 978-1986726993.
- ^ Pilate-Prévost 1838, p. 11.
- ^ Haine, Malou; Meeùs, Nicolas (1986). Dictionnaire des facteurs d'instruments de musique en Wallonie et à Bruxelles du 9ème siècle à nos jours. Pierre Mardaga. p. 261. ISBN 978-2870092507.
- ^ Pilate-Prévost 1838, p. 12.
- ^ "Douai, l'Hôtel de Ville et le beffroi". Patrimoine Histoire. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ Hugo, Victor (1842). Victor Hugo: Les récits de voyage L'Archipel de la Manche + Le Rhin + Voyage aux Alpes + Bretagne et Normandie + Belgique.
- ^ Raleigh, Walter (2014). The History of the War in the Air 1914–1918. Pen and Sword Books. p. 178. ISBN 978-1473850125.
- ^ "Belfries of Belgium and France". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
Sources
- Pilate-Prévost, H. (1838). Notice historique sur l'hôtel-de-ville et le beffroi de Douai. Imprimerie de V. Adam.