Huguang: Difference between revisions

Huguang
Huguang
	Huguang in a 1682 Italian map of China
Traditional Chinese	湖廣
Simplified Chinese	湖广
Literal meaning	The Lake Expanse; The Broad Lake Provinces
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Húguǎng

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Huguang^[a] was a province of China during the Yuan and Ming dynasties.^[2] It was founded by the Yuan dynasty in 1274.^[3] During the Yuan dynasty it included the areas of modern Hubei south of the Yangtze river, Hunan, Guizhou, and Guangxi. During the Ming dynasty it came to include just the modern provinces of Hubei and Hunan, in the process adding areas north of the Yangtze. It was partitioned in 1644 by the newly established Qing dynasty, becoming the provinces of Hubei and Hunan, which were administered by the viceroy of Lianghu ("The Two Lake Provinces").

Governors

Li Hongzhang was the viceroy of Huguang from 1867 to 1870^{[citation needed]}.

Zhang Zhidong became the viceroy of Huguang in 1896, following the First Sino-Japanese War. He was notable for employing foreigners to train and equip the local military to the standards of a contemporary European army. The most elite of Zhang's forces were known as the "Wuchang Division".^[4]

Following its partition, the separate provinces were administered by governors, while Lianghu or Huguang was collectively overseen by a viceroy.

Notes

^ Also formerly romanized as Hoo-kwang.^[1]

References

^ EB (1878), Vol. V, "China".
^ "Modern Day Location of Huguang" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
^ Yuan shi, 91:2305-7
^ Bonavia, David. China's Warlords. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-586179-5 p.30-31.

Works cited

Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "China" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons

[2] Also formerly romanized as Hoo-kwang.^[1]

[FOOTNOTE''EB''1878Vol._V,_"China"-1] EB (1878), Vol. V, "China".

[3] "Modern Day Location of Huguang" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2010.

[4] Yuan shi, 91:2305-7

[5] Bonavia, David. China's Warlords. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-586179-5 p.30-31.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Province of China during the Yuan and Ming dynasties}}
 {{Infobox Chinese
-|title='''Huguang'''
+|title=Huguang
 |pic=File:CEM-36-Huguang-2433.jpg |piccap=Huguang in a 1682 Italian map of China
 |s={{linktext|湖广}}|t={{linktext|湖廣}}|p=Húguǎng |l=The [[Lake Poyang|Lake]] Expanse<br>The Broad Lake Provinces
 }}
-'''Huguang'''{{efn|Also formerly [[romanization of Chinese|romanized]] as '''Hoo-kwang'''.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|loc=Vol. V, "China"}}}} was a [[Provinces of China|province]] of [[History of China|China]] during the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] and [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] [[list of Chinese dynasties|dynasties]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cqhakka.cn/ymwh/hgtsc/200705/109.html|title=Modern Day Location of Huguang|language=Chinese|accessdate=December 1, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707023209/http://www.cqhakka.cn/ymwh/hgtsc/200705/109.html|archivedate=July 7, 2011|df=}}</ref> During the Yuan dynasty it included the areas of modern [[Hubei]] south of the [[Yangtze river]], [[Hunan]], [[Guizhou]], and [[Guangxi]]. During the Ming dynasty it came to include just the modern provinces of Hubei and Hunan, in the process adding areas north of the Yangtze. It was partitioned in 1644 by the newly established [[Qing dynasty]], becoming the provinces of [[Hubei]] and [[Hunan]], which were administered by the '''[[viceroy of Lianghu]]''' ("The Two Lake Provinces").
+'''Huguang'''{{efn|Also formerly [[romanization of Chinese|romanized]] as '''Hoo-kwang'''.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|loc=Vol. V, "China"}}}} was a [[Provinces of China|province]] of [[History of China|China]] during the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] and [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] [[list of Chinese dynasties|dynasties]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cqhakka.cn/ymwh/hgtsc/200705/109.html|title=Modern Day Location of Huguang|language=zh|access-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707023209/http://www.cqhakka.cn/ymwh/hgtsc/200705/109.html|archive-date=July 7, 2011}}</ref> It was founded by the Yuan dynasty in 1274.<ref>Yuan shi, 91:2305-7</ref> During the Yuan dynasty it included the areas of modern [[Hubei]] south of the [[Yangtze river]], [[Hunan]], [[Guizhou]], and [[Guangxi]]. During the Ming dynasty it came to include just the modern provinces of Hubei and Hunan, in the process adding areas north of the Yangtze. It was partitioned in 1644 by the newly established [[Qing dynasty]], becoming the provinces of [[Hubei]] and [[Hunan]], which were administered by the '''[[viceroy of Lianghu]]''' ("The Two Lake Provinces").
 ==Governors==
@@ Line 17: / Line 18: @@
 ==See also==
+* [[Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty]]
-* [[Jingzhou (Ancient China)]]
+* [[Jingzhou (ancient China)]]
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|30em}}
+===Works cited===
+* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=China |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} }}
 {{Defunct Chinese provinces}}
-{{Coord missing|People's Republic of China}}
+{{coord missing|China}}
 [[Category:Provinces of the Yuan dynasty]]
 [[Category:Provinces of the Ming dynasty]]
-[[Category:Administrative divisions of ancient China]]
+[[Category:Administrative divisions of Imperial China]]
 [[Category:History of Hunan]]
 [[Category:History of Hubei]]
+[[Category:History of Guizhou]]
+[[Category:History of Guangxi]]
 [[Category:1644 disestablishments in China]]
+[[Category:1274 establishments]]