Jotapian: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|3rd century rebel leader against the Roman emperor Philip the Arab}} |
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{{No footnotes|date=September 2023}} |
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{{Infobox Roman emperor |
{{Infobox Roman emperor |
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| name =Jotapian |
| name = Jotapian |
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| full name = |
| full name = Marcus F. Ru. Jotapianus |
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| title =[[Roman usurper|Usurper]] of the [[Roman Empire]] |
| title = [[Roman usurper|Usurper]] of the [[Roman Empire]] |
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| image= Antoninianus-Jotapian-RIC 0002a,var.jpg |
| image= Antoninianus-Jotapian-RIC 0002a,var.jpg |
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| caption = |
| caption = Jotapian coin. His coins are the only source for his names, <small>M. F. RV.</small>, which could be expanded as Marcus Fulvius Rufus. |
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| reign =''c.'' 249 (against [[Philip the Arab]]) |
| reign = ''c.'' 249 (against [[Philip the Arab]]) |
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| birth_place = Near East |
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| predecessor = |
| predecessor = [[Philip the Arab]] |
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| successor = |
| successor = [[Philip the Arab]] |
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| death_date =''c.''249 |
| death_date = ''c.'' 249 |
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||regnal name=Imperator Caesar Marcus F. Ru. Jotapianus Augustus}} |
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|}} |
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{{Campaignbox Crisis of the Third Century}} |
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'''Marcus F. Ru. Jotapianus |
'''Jotapian''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|t|eɪ|p|j|ən}}; {{langx|la|Marcus F. Ru. Jotapianus}}; died ''c.'' 249) was a [[Roman usurper|usurper]] in the eastern provinces of the [[Roman Empire]] during the reign of Emperor [[Philip the Arab]], around 249. Jotapian is known from his rare coins and from accounts in [[Aurelius Victor]] (''Caesares'' xxix.2), [[Zosimus (historian)|Zosimus]] (i.20.2 and i.21.2), and [[Polemius Silvius]] (''[[Laterculus]]''). |
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== Life == |
== Life == |
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===Origins=== |
===Origins=== |
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Jotapian was a member of the Near East indigenous aristocracy. His name is similar to those of Queen [[Julia Iotapa (daughter of Antiochus IV)|Julia Iotapa]] and her daughter, princess [[Julia of Cilicia|Julia Jotapa]] of [[Commagene]], so he could have been a member of the Royal Family of Commagene, which had lost its power in favour of the Romans under Emperor [[Vespasian]] in 72. |
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Aurelius Victor reports that |
Aurelius Victor reports that Jotapian claimed descendance from an Alexander. According to some scholars, he referred to [[Alexander Severus]], while other scholars note that King [[Antiochus I Theos of Commagene]] claimed descendance from Greek King [[Alexander the Great]]. He could be a possible descendant of [[Gaius Julius Agrippa]] or his brother [[Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus]] or his sister [[Julia Iotapa (Cilician Princess)|Julia Iotapa]]. |
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===Revolt and |
===Revolt and death=== |
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Jotapian led a rebellion started in [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]], towards the end of Philip's rule, against the increase in taxation ordered by the ''rector Orientis'' [[Gaius Julius Priscus|Priscus]], Philip's brother. It is possible that Philip somehow favoured his Arabia over the other Eastern provinces, since his rule was not quietly accepted by the local population. Jotapian made [[Antioch]] his capital, but the rebellion came to an end and Jotapian was killed by his own soldiers, possibly during Emperor [[Decius (emperor)|Decius]]' rule. |
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===Coinage=== |
===Coinage=== |
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Coins issued by |
Coins issued by Jotapian had been found. All of them are [[antoninianus|antoniniani]], all of them show a crude design, and all of them have a <small>VICTORIA AVG</small> reverse, celebrating a victory of the rebels over Philip troops or rather "the power of the Emperor to conquer" (''Roman Imperial Coins'', 4.3). It has been suggested that Jotapian also issued [[Aurei]], none of which are known to have survived. |
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The coins are the only source for his names, <small>M. F. RV.</small>, which could be expanded as Marcus Fulvius Rufus. Furthermore, their style suggest that the revolt was short and spread over a small territory, since |
The coins are the only source for his names, <small>M. F. RV.</small>, which could be expanded as Marcus Fulvius Rufus. Furthermore, their style suggest that the revolt was short and spread over a small territory, since Jotapian controlled no major mint. |
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==References== |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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*[http://www.roman-emperors.org/philarab.htm#Note%203 Meckler, Michael and Christian Körner, "Jotapianus", s.v. "Philip the Arab and Rival Claimants of the later 240s", in ''DIR'' (1999).] |
*[http://www.roman-emperors.org/philarab.htm#Note%203 Meckler, Michael and Christian Körner, "Jotapianus", s.v. "Philip the Arab and Rival Claimants of the later 240s", in ''DIR'' (1999).] |
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{{refend}} |
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{{Roman Emperors}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons-inline|Iotapianus|Jotapianus}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Euttob (disambiguation)]] |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Jotapianus |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Roman usurper |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 249 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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[[Category:249 deaths]] |
[[Category:249 deaths]] |
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[[Category:3rd-century Roman usurpers]] |
[[Category:3rd-century Roman usurpers]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:Fulvii]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:09, 25 October 2024
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (September 2023) |
| Jotapian | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usurper of the Roman Empire | |||||||||
 Jotapian coin. His coins are the only source for his names, M. F. RV., which could be expanded as Marcus Fulvius Rufus. | |||||||||
| Reign | c. 249 (against Philip the Arab) | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Philip the Arab | ||||||||
| Successor | Philip the Arab | ||||||||
| Born | Near East | ||||||||
| Died | c. 249 | ||||||||
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Jotapian (/dʒəˈteɪpjən/; Latin: Marcus F. Ru. Jotapianus; died c. 249) was a usurper in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Philip the Arab, around 249. Jotapian is known from his rare coins and from accounts in Aurelius Victor (Caesares xxix.2), Zosimus (i.20.2 and i.21.2), and Polemius Silvius (Laterculus).
Life
[edit]Origins
[edit]Jotapian was a member of the Near East indigenous aristocracy. His name is similar to those of Queen Julia Iotapa and her daughter, princess Julia Jotapa of Commagene, so he could have been a member of the Royal Family of Commagene, which had lost its power in favour of the Romans under Emperor Vespasian in 72.
Aurelius Victor reports that Jotapian claimed descendance from an Alexander. According to some scholars, he referred to Alexander Severus, while other scholars note that King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene claimed descendance from Greek King Alexander the Great. He could be a possible descendant of Gaius Julius Agrippa or his brother Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus or his sister Julia Iotapa.
Revolt and death
[edit]Jotapian led a rebellion started in Syria, towards the end of Philip's rule, against the increase in taxation ordered by the rector Orientis Priscus, Philip's brother. It is possible that Philip somehow favoured his Arabia over the other Eastern provinces, since his rule was not quietly accepted by the local population. Jotapian made Antioch his capital, but the rebellion came to an end and Jotapian was killed by his own soldiers, possibly during Emperor Decius' rule.
Coinage
[edit]Coins issued by Jotapian had been found. All of them are antoniniani, all of them show a crude design, and all of them have a VICTORIA AVG reverse, celebrating a victory of the rebels over Philip troops or rather "the power of the Emperor to conquer" (Roman Imperial Coins, 4.3). It has been suggested that Jotapian also issued Aurei, none of which are known to have survived.
The coins are the only source for his names, M. F. RV., which could be expanded as Marcus Fulvius Rufus. Furthermore, their style suggest that the revolt was short and spread over a small territory, since Jotapian controlled no major mint.