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{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}} |
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{{italictitle}}{{speciesbox |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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| name = ''Maiaspondylus'' |
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| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossil_range| |
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous|Early]]-[[Late Cretaceous]], {{fossil_range|113|94.3}} |
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| image = Maiaspondylus.png |
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| image_caption = Life restoration of ''M. lindoei'' giving birth |
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| display_parents = 2 |
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| taxon = Maiaspondylus |
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| parent_authority = Maxwell & Caldwell, [[2006 in paleontology|2006]] |
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| authority = Maxwell & Caldwell, 2006 |
| authority = Maxwell & Caldwell, [[2006 in paleontology|2006]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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| species = lindoei |
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| subdivision = |
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*{{extinct}}''Maiaspondylus cantabrigiensis'' <small>Zverkov & Grigoriev, 2020</small> |
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*{{extinct}}''Maiaspondylus lindoei'' <small>Maxwell & Caldwell, 2006</small> |
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| synonyms = |
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*"''[[Ophthalmosaurus]]''" ''cantabrigiensis'' <small>[[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1888</small> |
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*"''[[Platypterygius]]''" ''ochevi'' <small>Arkhangel'sky ''et al.'' 2008</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Maiaspondylus''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[platypterygiine]] [[ophthalmosaurid]] [[ichthyosaur]]s known from [[Northwest Territories]] of [[Canada]].<ref name=Maiaspondylus>{{cite journal |last1=Maxwell |first1=Erin E. |last2=Caldwell |first2=Michael |
'''''Maiaspondylus''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[platypterygiine]] [[ophthalmosaurid]] [[ichthyosaur]]s known from [[Northwest Territories]] of [[Canada]], the [[Cambridge Greensand]] of [[England]] and the [[Voronezh Region]] of [[Russia]].<ref name=Maiaspondylus>{{cite journal |last1=Maxwell |first1=Erin E. |last2=Caldwell |first2=Michael W. |year=2006 |title=A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of western Canada |journal=Palaeontology |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1043–1052 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00589.x |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=fossilworks/> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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''Maiaspondylus'' is known from the [[holotype]] [[University of Alberta|UALVP]] 45635, a disarticulated but nearly complete [[skeleton]] preserved in three dimensions and from the referred materials UALVP 45639, two articulated, partially preserved embryos and eight articulated [[vertebra]]e of an adult, UALVP 45640, 14 articulated vertebrae of a juvenile, UALVP 45640, 12 articulated vertebrae, UALVP 45642, a partial snout and left dentaries with teeth and UALVP 45643, a fragmentary snout. All specimens were collected at [[Hay River, Northwest Territories|Hay River]] from the [[Loon River Formation]], dating to the early [[Albian]] |
''Maiaspondylus'' is known from the [[holotype]] [[University of Alberta|UALVP]] 45635, a disarticulated but nearly complete [[skeleton]] preserved in three dimensions and from the referred materials UALVP 45639, two articulated, partially preserved embryos and eight articulated [[vertebra]]e of an adult, UALVP 45640, 14 articulated vertebrae of a juvenile, UALVP 45640, 12 articulated vertebrae, UALVP 45642, a partial snout and left dentaries with teeth and UALVP 45643, a fragmentary snout. All specimens were collected at [[Hay River, Northwest Territories|Hay River]] from the [[Loon River Formation]], dating to the early [[Albian]] age of the [[Early Cretaceous]], about 110 [[mya (unit)|million years ago]].<ref name=Maiaspondylus/> |
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All ''Maiaspondylus'' specimens were originally referred to ''[[Platypterygius]]''. However, all recent [[cladistic]] analyses found that ''Maiaspondylus'' is a valid genus of ophthalmosaurid.<ref name=DM10>{{cite journal |last1=Druckenmiller |first1=Patrick S. |last2=Maxwell |first2=Erin E. |year=2010 |title=A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Albian) ichthyosaur genus from the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=47 |issue=8 |pages=1037–1053 |doi=10.1139/E10-028 }}</ref><ref name=Fetal11>{{cite journal |last=Fischer |first=V. |author2=Masure, E. |author3=Arkhangelsky, M.S. |author4= Godefroit, P. |year=2011 |title=A new Barremian (Early Cretaceous) ichthyosaur from western Russia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=1010–1025 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.595464 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/92828 }}</ref> Patrick S. Druckenmiller and Erin E. Maxwell (2010) found it to be most closely related to ''"[[Platypterygius]]" americanus'', which probably do not belong to the genus ''Platypterygius''.<ref name=DM10/> |
All ''Maiaspondylus'' specimens were originally referred to ''[[Platypterygius]]''. However, all recent [[cladistic]] analyses found that ''Maiaspondylus'' is a valid genus of ophthalmosaurid.<ref name=DM10>{{cite journal |last1=Druckenmiller |first1=Patrick S. |last2=Maxwell |first2=Erin E. |year=2010 |title=A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Albian) ichthyosaur genus from the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=47 |issue=8 |pages=1037–1053 |doi=10.1139/E10-028 |bibcode=2010CaJES..47.1037D }}</ref><ref name=Fetal11>{{cite journal |last=Fischer |first=V. |author2=Masure, E. |author3=Arkhangelsky, M.S. |author4= Godefroit, P. |year=2011 |title=A new Barremian (Early Cretaceous) ichthyosaur from western Russia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=1010–1025 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.595464 |hdl=2268/92828 |s2cid=86036325 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/92828 }}</ref> Patrick S. Druckenmiller and Erin E. Maxwell (2010) found it to be most closely related to ''"[[Platypterygius]]" americanus'', which probably do not belong to the genus ''Platypterygius''.<ref name=DM10/> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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''Maiaspondylus'' was named by Erin E. Maxwell and Michael W. Caldwell in [[2006 in paleontology|2006]] and the [[type species]] is ''Maiaspondylus lindoei''. The [[name of a biological genus|generic name]] is derived from ''maia'' (μαία), [[Greek language|Greek]] for "caring mother" and ''spondylos'' (σπόνδυλος), Greek for "vertebra".<ref name=Maiaspondylus/> The generic name named in reference to the unique specimen, UALVP 45639, that composed of two embryos agglutinated to eight articulated [[vertebra]]e of an adult (within its body cavity), presumably the mother. Maxwell and Caldwell (2003) suggested that this specimen proves that ''Maiaspondylus'' was [[Viviparity|viviparous]], giving live birth. These embryos are the geologically youngest and the physically smallest known ichthyosaur embryos.<ref name=MCembryos>{{cite journal |last1=Maxwell |first1=E. E. |last2=Caldwell |first2=M. W. |year=2003 |title=First record of live birth in Cretaceous ichthyosaurs: closing an 80 million year gap |
''Maiaspondylus'' was named by Erin E. Maxwell and Michael W. Caldwell in [[2006 in paleontology|2006]] and the [[type species]] is ''Maiaspondylus lindoei''. The [[name of a biological genus|generic name]] is derived from ''maia'' (μαία), [[Greek language|Greek]] for "caring mother" and ''spondylos'' (σπόνδυλος), Greek for "vertebra".<ref name=Maiaspondylus/> The generic name named in reference to the unique specimen, UALVP 45639, that composed of two embryos agglutinated to eight articulated [[vertebra]]e of an adult (within its body cavity), presumably the mother. Maxwell and Caldwell (2003) suggested that this specimen proves that ''Maiaspondylus'' was [[Viviparity|viviparous]], giving live birth. These embryos are the geologically youngest and the physically smallest known ichthyosaur embryos.<ref name=MCembryos>{{cite journal |last1=Maxwell |first1=E. E. |last2=Caldwell |first2=M. W. |year=2003 |title=First record of live birth in Cretaceous ichthyosaurs: closing an 80 million year gap |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=270 |issue=1 |pages=S104–S107 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2003.0029 |pmid=12952650 |pmc=1698021 }}</ref> The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honors the Geology Museum of the University of Alberta technician Allan Lindoe for discovering, collecting and preparating the specimens.<ref name=Maiaspondylus/> |
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A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of ''Maiaspondylus lindoei'', ''"[[Ophthalmosaurus]]" cantabrigiensis'' and ''"[[Platypterygius]]" ochevi'' was published by Zverkov & Grigoriev (2020), who transfer ''"O". cantabrigiensis'' to the genus ''Maiaspondylus'', and consider ''"P". ochevi'' to be a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|junior synonym]] of ''M. cantabrigiensis''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Nikolay G. Zverkov |author2=Dmitry V. Grigoriev |year=2020 |title=An unrevealed lineage of platypterygiines (Ichthyosauria) with peculiar forefin structure and semiglobal distribution in the mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=115 |pages=Article 104550 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104550 |s2cid=225721312 }}</ref> |
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==Phylogeny== |
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The following cladogram shows a possible phylogenetic position of ''Maiaspondylus'' in Ophthalmosauridae according to the analysis performed by Zverkov and Jacobs (2020).<ref name="Zverkov2020">{{cite journal |author1=Nikolay G. Zverkov |author2=Megan L. Jacobs |name-list-style=amp |orig-year=2020 |title=Revision of ''Nannopterygius'' (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae): reappraisal of the 'inaccessible' holotype resolves a taxonomic tangle and reveals an obscure ophthalmosaurid lineage with a wide distribution |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=191 |issue=1 |year=2021 |pages=228–275 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa028}}</ref> |
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{{clade |
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|label1=[[Ophthalmosauria]] |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|label1=[[Ophthalmosaurinae]] |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Acamptonectes|Acamptonectes densus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Mollesaurus|Mollesaurus periallus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Ophthalmosaurus natans]]'' |
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|2=''[[Ophthalmosaurus icenicus]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} }} }} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Gengasaurus nicosiai]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Nannopterygius|Nannopterygius yasykovi]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Nannopterygius|Nannopterygius enthekiodon]]'' |
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|2=''[[Nannopterygius|Nannopterygius saveljeviensis]]'' |
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|3=''[[Nannopterygius|Nannopterygius borealis]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius volgensis]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius lundi]]'' |
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|2=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius thalassonotus]]'' |
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|3={{clade |
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|1=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius hoybergeti]]'' |
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|2=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius chrisorum]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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|label2=[[Platypterygiinae]] |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Brachypterygius extremus]]'' |
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|2=''[[Aegirosaurus leptospondylus]]'' |
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|3={{clade |
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|1=''[[Muiscasaurus catheti]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Leninia stellans]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Sveltonectes insolitus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Athabascasaurus bitumineus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Platypterygius americanus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Acuetzpalin|Acuetzpalin carranzai]]'' |
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|2=''[[Platypterygius sachicarum]]'' |
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|3=''[[Caypullisaurus bonapartei]]'' |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Grendelius mordax]]'' |
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|2=''[[Grendelius alekseevi]]'' |
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|3=''[[Grendelius|Grendelius pseudoscythicus]]'' |
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|4=''[[Grendelius|Grendelius zhuravlevi]]'' |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Undorosaurus|Undorosaurus kielanae]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Undorosaurus|Undorosaurus nessovi]]'' |
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|2=''[[Undorosaurus|Undorosaurus gorodischensis]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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|3={{clade |
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|1=''[[Platypterygius australis]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Plutoniosaurus bedengensis]]'' |
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|2=''[[Simbirskiasaurus|Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi]]'' |
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|3=''[[Platypterygius hercynicus]]'' |
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|4=''[[Sisteronia seeleyi]]'' |
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|5=''[[Platypterygius|Platypterygius platydactylus]]'' |
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|6='''''Maiaspondylus lindoei''''' |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|30em|refs= |
{{Reflist|30em|refs= |
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<ref name=fossilworks>{{cite web |url= |
<ref name=fossilworks>{{cite web |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=176519 |title=†''Maiaspondylus'' Maxwell and Caldwell 2006 |work=Paleobiology Database |publisher=Fossilworks |access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> |
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[[Category:Fossils of Canada]] |
[[Category:Fossils of Canada]] |
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[[Category:Paleontology in the Northwest Territories]] |
[[Category:Paleontology in the Northwest Territories]] |
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[[Category:Ophthalmosauridae]] |
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[[Category:Ichthyosauromorph genera]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:02, 18 November 2024
| Maiaspondylus Temporal range: Early-Late Cretaceous,
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| Life restoration of M. lindoei giving birth | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | †Ichthyosauria |
| Family: | †Ophthalmosauridae |
| Subfamily: | †Platypterygiinae |
| Genus: | †Maiaspondylus Maxwell & Caldwell, 2006 |
| Species | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Maiaspondylus is an extinct genus of platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs known from Northwest Territories of Canada, the Cambridge Greensand of England and the Voronezh Region of Russia.[1][2]
Description
[edit]Maiaspondylus is known from the holotype UALVP 45635, a disarticulated but nearly complete skeleton preserved in three dimensions and from the referred materials UALVP 45639, two articulated, partially preserved embryos and eight articulated vertebrae of an adult, UALVP 45640, 14 articulated vertebrae of a juvenile, UALVP 45640, 12 articulated vertebrae, UALVP 45642, a partial snout and left dentaries with teeth and UALVP 45643, a fragmentary snout. All specimens were collected at Hay River from the Loon River Formation, dating to the early Albian age of the Early Cretaceous, about 110 million years ago.[1]
All Maiaspondylus specimens were originally referred to Platypterygius. However, all recent cladistic analyses found that Maiaspondylus is a valid genus of ophthalmosaurid.[3][4] Patrick S. Druckenmiller and Erin E. Maxwell (2010) found it to be most closely related to "Platypterygius" americanus, which probably do not belong to the genus Platypterygius.[3]
Etymology
[edit]Maiaspondylus was named by Erin E. Maxwell and Michael W. Caldwell in 2006 and the type species is Maiaspondylus lindoei. The generic name is derived from maia (μαία), Greek for "caring mother" and spondylos (σπόνδυλος), Greek for "vertebra".[1] The generic name named in reference to the unique specimen, UALVP 45639, that composed of two embryos agglutinated to eight articulated vertebrae of an adult (within its body cavity), presumably the mother. Maxwell and Caldwell (2003) suggested that this specimen proves that Maiaspondylus was viviparous, giving live birth. These embryos are the geologically youngest and the physically smallest known ichthyosaur embryos.[5] The specific name honors the Geology Museum of the University of Alberta technician Allan Lindoe for discovering, collecting and preparating the specimens.[1]
A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Maiaspondylus lindoei, "Ophthalmosaurus" cantabrigiensis and "Platypterygius" ochevi was published by Zverkov & Grigoriev (2020), who transfer "O". cantabrigiensis to the genus Maiaspondylus, and consider "P". ochevi to be a junior synonym of M. cantabrigiensis.[6]
Phylogeny
[edit]The following cladogram shows a possible phylogenetic position of Maiaspondylus in Ophthalmosauridae according to the analysis performed by Zverkov and Jacobs (2020).[7]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Maxwell, Erin E.; Caldwell, Michael W. (2006). "A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of western Canada". Palaeontology. 49 (5): 1043–1052. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00589.x.
- ^ "†Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell 2006". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ a b Druckenmiller, Patrick S.; Maxwell, Erin E. (2010). "A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Albian) ichthyosaur genus from the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 47 (8): 1037–1053. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1037D. doi:10.1139/E10-028.
- ^ Fischer, V.; Masure, E.; Arkhangelsky, M.S.; Godefroit, P. (2011). "A new Barremian (Early Cretaceous) ichthyosaur from western Russia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (5): 1010–1025. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.595464. hdl:2268/92828. S2CID 86036325.
- ^ Maxwell, E. E.; Caldwell, M. W. (2003). "First record of live birth in Cretaceous ichthyosaurs: closing an 80 million year gap". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1): S104 – S107. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0029. PMC 1698021. PMID 12952650.
- ^ Nikolay G. Zverkov; Dmitry V. Grigoriev (2020). "An unrevealed lineage of platypterygiines (Ichthyosauria) with peculiar forefin structure and semiglobal distribution in the mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian)". Cretaceous Research. 115: Article 104550. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104550. S2CID 225721312.
- ^ Nikolay G. Zverkov & Megan L. Jacobs (2021) [2020]. "Revision of Nannopterygius (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae): reappraisal of the 'inaccessible' holotype resolves a taxonomic tangle and reveals an obscure ophthalmosaurid lineage with a wide distribution". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 191 (1): 228–275. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa028.
