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{{Short description|Emergency evacuation for medical reasons}}
[[File:Agusta A109K2 Slovensko (25).jpg|thumb|right|300px|An [[AgustaWestland AW109|AW109]] helicopter evacuates a patient from the [[Tatra mountains]] in [[Slovakia]]]]
[[File:Agusta A109K2 Slovensko (25).jpg|thumb|An [[AgustaWestland AW109|AW109]] helicopter evacuates a patient from the [[Tatra mountains]] in [[Slovakia]]]]


'''Medical evacuation''', often shortened to '''medevac'''<ref name="MW">{{Cite web|url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medevac|title = Medevac|accessdate = 27 January 2012|last = Merriam-Webster|date = 2012}}</ref> or '''medivac''',<ref name="MW" /> is the timely and efficient movement and en route care provided by medical personnel to wounded being evacuated from a battlefield, to injured patients being evacuated from the scene of an accident to receiving medical facilities, or to patients at a rural hospital requiring urgent care at a better-equipped facility using medically equipped ground vehicles ([[ambulance]]s) or aircraft ([[air ambulance]]s).<ref name="MW" />
'''Medical evacuation''', often shortened to '''medevac'''<ref name="MW">{{Cite web|url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medevac|title = Medevac|access-date = 27 January 2012|publisher = Merriam-Webster|date = 2012}}</ref> or '''medivac''',<ref name="MW" /> is the timely and efficient movement and en route care provided by medical personnel to patients requiring evacuation or transport using medically equipped [[air ambulance]]s, [[helicopter]]s and other means of emergency transport including ground ambulance and maritime transfers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=GmbH |first=Vendana |title=Blog {{!}} Air ambulance {{!}} Repatriation from abroad |url=https://www.medical-air-service.com/blog/the-meaning-of-medical-evacuation-in-todays-age_7958.html#:~:text=world-class%20hospital.-,The%20definition%20of%20medical%20evacuation,by%20specially%20trained%20medical%20staff |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=www.medical-air-service.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Emergency medical evacuations |url=https://www.uhcglobal.com/en/resources/business-insights/emergency-medical-evacuation |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.uhcglobal.com |language=en}}</ref>


Examples include civilian [[Emergency medical services|EMS]] vehicles, civilian aeromedical helicopter services, and military air ambulances. This term also covers the transfer of patients from the battlefield to a treatment facility or from one treatment facility to another by medical personnel, such as from a local hospital to a [[trauma center]].
Examples include civilian [[Emergency medical services|EMS]] vehicles, civilian aeromedical helicopter services, and military air ambulances. This term also covers the transfer of patients from the battlefield to a treatment facility or from one treatment facility to another by medical personnel, such as from a local hospital to another medical facility which has adequate medical equipment.<ref name=":0" />

In Asia, according to Aeromedical Global (M) Sdn Bhd, medical evacuations via air ambulance can be performed via a single or dual stretched setup. According to patients medical condition, Emergency Air Ambulances will be equipped with relevant equipment (ventilators, Portable O2 Concentrator etc).


==History==
==History==
[[File:USAF R-5 medevac Korean War.jpg|right|thumb|USAF [[Sikorsky H-5|Sikorsky R-5]] Helicopter evacuates casualties during the [[Korean War]]]]
[[File:USAF R-5 medevac Korean War.jpg|thumb|USAF [[Sikorsky H-5|Sikorsky R-5]] Helicopter evacuates casualties during the [[Korean War]]]]
[[Image:Medevac mission, Balad Air Base, Iraq.jpg|thumb|right|An aeromedical evacuation of injured patients by a [[C-17 Globemaster III|C-17]] from [[Balad, Iraq]] to [[Ramstein Air Base|Ramstein]], [[Germany]], in 2007]]
[[Image:Medevac mission, Balad Air Base, Iraq.jpg|thumb|An aeromedical evacuation of injured patients by a [[C-17 Globemaster III|C-17]] from [[Balad, Iraq]] to [[Ramstein Air Base|Ramstein]], [[Germany]], in 2007]]
The first medical transport by air was recorded in [[Serbia]] in the autumn of 1915 during [[First World War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%C5%A1tvo/1516279/Veliki+rat+-+avijacija.html|title=Veliki rat - Avijacija|first=RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of|last=Serbia|date=|website=rts.rs}}</ref> One of the ill soldiers in that first medical transport was [[Milan Rastislav Štefánik]], a Slovak pilot-volunteer who was flown to safety by French aviator [[Louis Paulhan]].<ref>''L'homme-vent'', special issue of ''L'Ami de Pézenas'', 2010</ref>
The first medical transport by air was recorded in [[Serbia]] in the autumn of 1915 during the [[First World War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%C5%A1tvo/1516279/Veliki+rat+-+avijacija.html|title=Veliki rat - Avijacija|publisher=RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of Serbia|website=rts.rs}}</ref> One of the ill soldiers in that first medical transport was [[Milan Rastislav Štefánik]], a Slovak pilot-volunteer who was flown to safety by French aviator [[Louis Paulhan]].<ref>''L'homme-vent'', special issue of ''L'Ami de Pézenas'', 2010</ref>


The [[United States Army]] used this lifesaving technique in [[Burma]] toward the end of [[World War II]] with [[Sikorsky R-4B]] helicopters. The first helicopter rescue was by 2nd Lt [[Carter Harman]], in Japanese-held [[Burma]], who had to make several hops to get his Sikorsky YR-4B to the [[1st Air Commando Group]]'s secret airfield in enemy territory and then made four trips from there between April 25 and 26 to recover the American pilot and four injured British soldiers, one at a time.<ref>Fries, Patrick. ''When I Have Your Wounded: The Dustoff Legacy (DVD)'', Arrowhead Films, 2013.</ref> The first medivac under fire was done in Manila in 1945 when five pilots evacuated 75-80 soldiers one or two at a time.<ref>Conner, Roger. ''Medevac From Luzon'', Air & Space Magazine, July 2010.</ref>
The [[United States Army]] used this lifesaving technique in [[Burma]] toward the end of [[World War II]] with [[Sikorsky R-4B]] helicopters. The first helicopter rescue was by 2nd Lt [[Carter Harman]], in Japanese-held [[Burma]], who had to make several hops to get his Sikorsky YR-4B to the [[1st Air Commando Group]]'s secret airfield in enemy territory and then made four trips from there between April 25 and 26 to recover the American pilot and four injured British soldiers, one at a time.<ref>Fries, Patrick. ''When I Have Your Wounded: The Dustoff Legacy (DVD)'', Arrowhead Films, 2013.</ref> The first medivac under fire happened in Manila in 1945 when five pilots evacuated 75&ndash;80 soldiers one or two at a time.<ref>Conner, Roger. ''Medevac From Luzon'', Air & Space Magazine, July 2010.</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Aeromedical evacuation]]
* [[Aeromedical evacuation]]
* [[Air ambulance]]
* [[Air ambulance]]
* [[Air medical services]]
* [[Casualty evacuation]]
* [[Casualty evacuation]]
⚫
* [[Immigration detention in Australia#Medevac bill|"Medevac bill" (Australia, 2019)]]

* ''[[Medivac (TV series)|Medivac]]'', Australian television series
* [[Global Rescue]], provider of medical evacuation services.

⚫
* [[Immigration_detention_in_Australia#Medevac_bill |"Medevac bill" (Australia, 2019)]]

* [[Medivac (TV series)]]
* [[Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society]]
* [[Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society]]


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[[Category:Critical emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Critical emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Military medicine]]
[[Category:Military medicine]]
[[Category:Evacuations]]
[[Category:Evacuations|*]]

Latest revision as of 10:24, 27 December 2024

An AW109 helicopter evacuates a patient from the Tatra mountains in Slovakia

Medical evacuation, often shortened to medevac[1] or medivac,[1] is the timely and efficient movement and en route care provided by medical personnel to patients requiring evacuation or transport using medically equipped air ambulances, helicopters and other means of emergency transport including ground ambulance and maritime transfers.[2][3]

Examples include civilian EMS vehicles, civilian aeromedical helicopter services, and military air ambulances. This term also covers the transfer of patients from the battlefield to a treatment facility or from one treatment facility to another by medical personnel, such as from a local hospital to another medical facility which has adequate medical equipment.[2]

In Asia, according to Aeromedical Global (M) Sdn Bhd, medical evacuations via air ambulance can be performed via a single or dual stretched setup. According to patients medical condition, Emergency Air Ambulances will be equipped with relevant equipment (ventilators, Portable O2 Concentrator etc).

History

[edit]
USAF Sikorsky R-5 Helicopter evacuates casualties during the Korean War
An aeromedical evacuation of injured patients by a C-17 from Balad, Iraq to Ramstein, Germany, in 2007

The first medical transport by air was recorded in Serbia in the autumn of 1915 during the First World War.[4] One of the ill soldiers in that first medical transport was Milan Rastislav Štefánik, a Slovak pilot-volunteer who was flown to safety by French aviator Louis Paulhan.[5]

The United States Army used this lifesaving technique in Burma toward the end of World War II with Sikorsky R-4B helicopters. The first helicopter rescue was by 2nd Lt Carter Harman, in Japanese-held Burma, who had to make several hops to get his Sikorsky YR-4B to the 1st Air Commando Group's secret airfield in enemy territory and then made four trips from there between April 25 and 26 to recover the American pilot and four injured British soldiers, one at a time.[6] The first medivac under fire happened in Manila in 1945 when five pilots evacuated 75–80 soldiers one or two at a time.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Medevac". Merriam-Webster. 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  2. ^ a b GmbH, Vendana. "Blog | Air ambulance | Repatriation from abroad". www.medical-air-service.com. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  3. ^ "Emergency medical evacuations". www.uhcglobal.com. Retrieved 2024-11-08.
  4. ^ "Veliki rat - Avijacija". rts.rs. RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of Serbia.
  5. ^ L'homme-vent, special issue of L'Ami de Pézenas, 2010
  6. ^ Fries, Patrick. When I Have Your Wounded: The Dustoff Legacy (DVD), Arrowhead Films, 2013.
  7. ^ Conner, Roger. Medevac From Luzon, Air & Space Magazine, July 2010.
[edit]
Look up medevac in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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