Nagauta: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Music genre}} |
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'''Nagauta''' ([[wiktionary:長|長]][[wiktionary:唄|唄]]; literally "long song" from [[Japanese language|Japanese]]) is a kind of traditional [[music of Japan|Japanese music]] which accompanies the [[kabuki]] theater. They were developed around [[1740]]. Influences included the vocal [[yokyoku]] style used in [[noh]] theater, and instruments including the [[shamisen]] and various kinds of [[drums]]. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} |
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{{Italic title}} |
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[[File:Sake Cup by Santō Kyōden.png|thumb|{{transl|ja|Sake}} ''Cup'' by Santō Kyōden, 1783–1784, a {{transl|ja|meriyasu}}]] |
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{{nihongo3|literally "long song"|長唄|'''Nagauta'''}} is a kind of traditional [[Music of Japan|Japanese music]] played on the {{transl|ja|[[shamisen]]}} and used in [[kabuki]] theater, primarily to accompany dance and to provide reflective interludes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Malm|first=William P.|date=1960|title=A Short History of Japanese Nagauta Music|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=80|issue=2|pages=124–132|doi=10.2307/595588 |jstor=595588 }}</ref> |
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== History == |
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The [[shamisen]], a plucked lute with three strings, is a very popular instrument in nagauta. Nagauta performers generally play the shamisen and sing simultaneously. |
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It is uncertain when the {{transl|ja|shamisen}} was first integrated into kabuki, but it was sometime during the 17th century; Malm argues that it was probably before 1650.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The first reference to {{transl|ja|nagauta}} as {{transl|ja|shamisen}} music appears in the second volume of {{transl|ja|Matsu no ha}} (1703).<ref name=":0" /> |
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By the 18th century, the {{transl|ja|shamisen}} had become an established instrument in kabuki, when the basic forms and classifications of {{transl|ja|nagauta}} crystallized<ref name=":0" /> as a combination of different styles stemming from the music popular during the [[Edo period]]. {{transl|ja|[[Meriyasu]]}} is considered a subset of {{transl|ja|nagauta}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Santō, Kyōden|date=1783|title=Sake Cup|url={{wdl|4350}}|access-date=28 May 2013|work=[[World Digital Library]]|language=ja}}</ref><ref name="Malm19632">{{cite book|author=William P. Malm|url=https://archive.org/details/nagautaheartofka00malm|title=Nagauta: the heart of kabuki music|publisher=C. E. Tuttle Co.|year=1963|page=[https://archive.org/details/nagautaheartofka00malm/page/17 17]|isbn=9780837169002 |access-date=28 May 2013|url-access=registration}}</ref> |
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Many of the "classic" {{transl|ja|nagauta}} repertoire was composed in the 19th century, which is the time of the best-known {{transl|ja|nagauta}} composers as well. Many pieces are based on [[Noh]] theater, partly due to the number of kabuki plays derived from Noh theater pieces, and many were revived during the 19th century.<ref name=":0" /> There is evidence of the influence of Japanese folk music on {{transl|ja|nagauta}} too.<ref name=":0" /> |
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During the 19th century, {{transl|ja|ozashiki nagauta}} (concert {{transl|ja|nagauta}}) developed as a style of {{transl|ja|nagauta}} composed for non-kabuki, non-dance performances in which a performer's skill was emphasized. Two classic compositions of {{transl|ja|ozashiki nagauta}} are {{transl|ja|"Azuma hakkei"}} (1818) and {{transl|ja|"Aki no irogusa"}} (1845). |
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In the 20th century, a number of composers have integrated Western elements into {{transl|ja|nagauta}} styles, including playing the {{transl|ja|shamisen}} at a faster tempo, in violin [[cadenza]] style, or by using larger ensembles to increase the volume.<ref name=":0" /> {{transl|ja|Nagauta}} is the basis of the ''[[Nagauta Symphony]]'', a [[symphony]] in one [[Movement (music)|movement]] composed in [[1934 in music|1934]] by composer [[Kosaku Yamada]]. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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* [[William P. Malm]], ''Nagauta: the heart of kabuki music'' (C. E. Tuttle, 1963) [https://archive.org/details/nagautaheartofka00malm Internet Archive copy] |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=8.557971 Recording of {{transl|ja|Nagauta}} Symphony {{transl|ja|"Tsurukame"}}] |
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* [http://audiolunchbox.com/album?a=36544&z= Listen to arrangements with shamisen of nagauta pieces Kokaji, Tsurukame, Echigo Jishi and Musume Dojoji] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Japanese traditional music]] |
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[[Category:Kabuki]] |
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[[Category:Japanese words and phrases]] |
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[[ja:長唄]] |
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{{Japan-music-stub}} |
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[[fi:Nagauta]] |
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{{Music-genre-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 02:31, 17 October 2024
Nagauta (長唄, literally "long song") is a kind of traditional Japanese music played on the shamisen and used in kabuki theater, primarily to accompany dance and to provide reflective interludes.[1]
History
[edit]It is uncertain when the shamisen was first integrated into kabuki, but it was sometime during the 17th century; Malm argues that it was probably before 1650.[1]
The first reference to nagauta as shamisen music appears in the second volume of Matsu no ha (1703).[1]
By the 18th century, the shamisen had become an established instrument in kabuki, when the basic forms and classifications of nagauta crystallized[1] as a combination of different styles stemming from the music popular during the Edo period. Meriyasu is considered a subset of nagauta.[2][3]
Many of the "classic" nagauta repertoire was composed in the 19th century, which is the time of the best-known nagauta composers as well. Many pieces are based on Noh theater, partly due to the number of kabuki plays derived from Noh theater pieces, and many were revived during the 19th century.[1] There is evidence of the influence of Japanese folk music on nagauta too.[1]
During the 19th century, ozashiki nagauta (concert nagauta) developed as a style of nagauta composed for non-kabuki, non-dance performances in which a performer's skill was emphasized. Two classic compositions of ozashiki nagauta are "Azuma hakkei" (1818) and "Aki no irogusa" (1845).
In the 20th century, a number of composers have integrated Western elements into nagauta styles, including playing the shamisen at a faster tempo, in violin cadenza style, or by using larger ensembles to increase the volume.[1] Nagauta is the basis of the Nagauta Symphony, a symphony in one movement composed in 1934 by composer Kosaku Yamada.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Malm, William P. (1960). "A Short History of Japanese Nagauta Music". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 80 (2): 124–132. doi:10.2307/595588. JSTOR 595588.
- ^ Santō, Kyōden (1783). "Sake Cup". World Digital Library (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 May 2013.
- ^ William P. Malm (1963). Nagauta: the heart of kabuki music. C. E. Tuttle Co. p. 17. ISBN 9780837169002. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
Further reading
[edit]- William P. Malm, Nagauta: the heart of kabuki music (C. E. Tuttle, 1963) Internet Archive copy
External links
[edit]
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