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{{Short description|Subclass of gastropods}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range | Early Ordovician | Recent }}
| image = neritimorpha composite 02.jpg
| image = neritimorpha composite 02.jpg
| image_caption = Various examples of Neritimorpha
| image_caption = Examples of Neritimorpha
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Neritimorpha
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = Clades
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
⚫
| subdivision = See text
| classis = [[Gastropoda]]
| subclassis =
| unranked_familia = clade '''Neritimorpha'''
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = clades
⚫
| subdivision = ''See text''
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
Neritopsina {{small|Cox & Knight, 1960}}
Neritopsina {{small|Cox & Knight, 1960}}
}}
}}

'''Neritimorpha''' is a clade of [[gastropod]] [[molluscs]] that contains around 2,000 extant species of [[sea snails]], [[limpets]], [[freshwater snails]], [[land snails]] and [[slugs]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Uribe |first1=Juan E. |last2=Colgan |first2=Don |last3=Castro |first3=Lyda R. |last4=Kano |first4=Yasunori |last5=Zardoya |first5=Rafael |date=2016-11-01 |title=Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790316301774 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=104 |pages=21–31 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021 |pmid=27456746 |hdl=10261/156227 |issn=1055-7903|hdl-access=free }}</ref> This clade used to be known as the superorder '''Neritopsina'''.

==Etymology==

The clade’s name, Neritimorpha, is from the Ancient Greek νηρίτης (nērī́tēs 'Nerite') and μορφή (morphḗ 'form').<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/BaillyDictionnaireGrecFrancais |title=Bailly, Dictionnaire Grec Francais |date=1935}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Theodoxus danubialis.jpg|thumb|Shells of the freshwater snail ''[[Theodoxus danubialis]]'']]
[[File:Theodoxus danubialis.jpg|thumb|Shells of the freshwater snail ''[[Theodoxus danubialis]]'']]
[[File:Helicina rostrata .jpg|thumb|Shells of the land snail species ''[[Helicina rostrata]]'']]
[[File:Helicina rostrata.jpg|thumb|Shells of the land snail species ''[[Helicina rostrata]]'']]
[[File:Titiscania limacina.JPG|thumb|''[[Titiscania]]'', a shellless neritimorph]]


Despite their relatively low diversity, with only around 2,000 species, neritomorphs have achieved a remarkable diversity of forms, resembling a smaller-scale version of the diversity achieved by Gastropoda as a whole.<ref name="Uribe2016"/> Terrestrial lifestyles have evolved at least three separate occasions in neritimorphs: the [[extinct]] [[Dawsonellidae]] and the [[extant taxon|extant]] [[Helicinidae]] and [[Hydrocenidae]].<ref name="Kano2002"/> Neritimorphs also include the shellless, [[slug]]-like ''[[Titiscania]]''.<ref name="Uribe2016"/>
'''Neritimorpha''' is a [[taxonomic]] grouping, an unranked [[clade]] of snails, [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]]s. This grouping includes land snails, sea [[snail]]s, some deepwater [[limpet]]s, and also freshwater [[snail]]s. This clade was previously known as the superorder Neritopsina.

In all modern neritomorphs except neritopsids, the inner walls of the [[protoconch]] are resorbed.<ref name="Bandel1999"/>

Unlike most other gastropods, neritomorphs typically have calcified [[operculum (gastropod)|opercula]]. There is no operculum in the shellless ''Titiscania'', and the [[Phenacolepadidae]] have a vestigial, non-calcified operculum that shows no postlarval growth.<ref name="Kano2006"/>

==Evolutionary history==

Neritimorpha has an extremely rich geologic history, going back to early [[Ordovician]].<ref name="Bandel1999"/> This clade has been considered to be a leftover of early gastropod diversification.

Neritimorpha is the sister taxon of the [[Apogastropoda]].<ref name="Cunha2019"/><ref name="Uribe2022"/> The clade uniting neritimorphs and apogastropods has been called either Adenogonogastropoda<ref name="Simone2011"/> or Angiogastropoda.<ref name="Cunha2019"/>

All modern members of Neritimorpha are classified in the order [[Cycloneritimorpha]].<ref name="Bandel1999"/> [[Neritopsoidea]] was the first of the four modern neritomorph superfamilies to diverge from the others.<ref name="Kano2002"/>


== 1997 taxonomy ==
== 1997 taxonomy ==
According to the [[taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)]] '''Neritopsina''' is a [[gastropod]] [[superorder]] in the [[Class (biology)|subclass]] [[Orthogastropoda]]. The superfamily [[Palaeotrochoidea]] is contained within Neritopsina but its order placement is undetermined.
According to the [[taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)]] Neritopsina is a [[gastropod]] [[superorder]] in the [[Class (biology)|subclass]] [[Orthogastropoda]]. The superfamily [[Palaeotrochoidea]] is contained within Neritopsina but its order placement is undetermined.


==2005 taxonomy==
== 2005 taxonomy ==
The [[Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)|taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005]]<ref name="Bouchet">Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families''. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278</ref> categorizes Neritimorpha as a [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] [[clade]]. It is one of the 6 highest clades in Gastropoda. It contains the clades [[Cyrtoneritimorpha]], [[Cycloneritimorpha]], as well as [[Paleozoic]] Neritimorpha of uncertain position.
The [[Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)|taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005]]<ref name="Bouchet">Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families''. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. {{ISBN|3-925919-72-4}}. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278</ref> categorizes Neritimorpha as a [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] [[clade]]. It is one of the 6 highest clades in Gastropoda. It contains the clades [[Cyrtoneritimorpha]], [[Cycloneritimorpha]], as well as [[Paleozoic]] Neritimorpha of uncertain position.


Clades (and uncertain position taxa) in Neritimorpha include:
Clades (and uncertain position taxa) in Neritimorpha include:
Line 29: Line 48:
* clade [[Cycloneritimorpha]]
* clade [[Cycloneritimorpha]]


Four extant superfamilies are recognised: [[Helicinoidea]], [[Hydrocenoidea]], [[Neritoidea]] and [[Neritopsoidea]].
== See also ==

For a more detailed taxonomy of this group, please see [[Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)#Clade Neritimorpha (= Neritopsina)]]
==In human society==

Nerite snails are popular in the aquarium trade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nerite Snails: Algae Eating, Care, Lifespan, Eggs - Video |url=https://www.aquariumcarebasics.com/freshwater-snails/nerite-snails/ |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=Aquarium Care Basics |language=en-US}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{reflist}}
<ref name="Bandel1999">{{Cite journal | last1 = Bandel| first1 = Klaus| last2 = Frýa| first2 = Jiři |title=Notes on the evolution and higher classification of the subclass Neritimorpha (Gastropoda) with the description of some new taxa|journal= Geologica et Palaeontologica |url = http://www.paleoliste.de/bandel/bandel_1999d.pdf|volume = 33| date = 1999-09-30 | pages = 219–235}}</ref>
<ref name="Cunha2019">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1098/rspb.2018.2776| issn = 0962-8452| volume = 286| issue = 1898| pages = 20182776| last1 = Cunha| first1 = Tauana Junqueira| last2 = Giribet| first2 = Gonzalo| title = A congruent topology for deep gastropod relationships| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences| date = 2019-03-13| doi-access = free| pmc = 6458328}}</ref>
<ref name="Kano2002">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1098/rspb.2002.2178| issn = 0962-8452 | eissn = 1471-2954| volume = 269| issue = 1508| pages = 2457–2465| last1 = Kano| first1 = Yasunori| last2 = Chiba| first2 = Satoshi| last3 = Kase| first3 = Tomoki| title = Major adaptive radiation in neritopsine gastropods estimated from 28S rRNA sequences and fossil records| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences| date = 2002-12-07| pmc = 1691182}}</ref>
<ref name="Kano2006">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1002/jmor.10458| issn = 0362-2525 | eissn = 1097-4687| volume = 267| issue = 9| pages = 1120–1136| last = Kano| first = Yasunori| title = Usefulness of the opercular nucleus for inferring early development in neritimorph gastropods| journal = Journal of Morphology| date = September 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="Simone2011">{{Cite journal| issn = 0066-7870| volume = 32| issue = 4| pages = 161–323| last = Simone| first = Luiz Ricardo L.| title = Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology| journal = Arquivos de Zoologia| date = 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Uribe2016">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021| issn = 1055-7903| volume = 104| pages = 21–31| last1 = Uribe| first1 = Juan E.| last2 = Colgan| first2 = Don| last3 = Castro| first3 = Lyda R.| last4 = Kano| first4 = Yasunori| last5 = Zardoya| first5 = Rafael| title = Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda)| journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| date = 2016-07-22| hdl = 10261/156227| hdl-access = free}}</ref>
<ref name="Uribe2022">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1093/sysbio/syac045| issn = 1063-5157 | eissn = 1076-836X| volume = 71| issue = 6| pages = 1271–1280| last1 = Uribe| first1 = Juan E| last2 = González| first2 = Vanessa L| last3 = Irisarri| first3 = Iker| last4 = Kano| first4 = Yasunori| last5 = Herbert| first5 = David G| last6 = Strong| first6 = Ellen E| last7 = Harasewych| first7 = M G| title = A phylogenomic backbone for gastropod molluscs| journal = Systematic Biology| date = 2022-10-12| hdl = 10261/279410| hdl-access = free}}</ref>

}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q18713253}}
[[Category:Gastropods]]


[[es:Neritimorpha]]
[[Category:Neritimorpha| ]]
[[Category:Protostome unranked clades]]
[[fr:Neritopsina]]
[[ko:갈고둥류]]
[[nl:Neritimorpha]]
[[no:Neritimorpha]]
[[sv:Neritopsina]]

Latest revision as of 18:39, 4 January 2024

Neritimorpha
Temporal range: Early Ordovician – Recent
Examples of Neritimorpha
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Neritimorpha
Clades

See text

Synonyms

Neritopsina Cox & Knight, 1960

Neritimorpha is a clade of gastropod molluscs that contains around 2,000 extant species of sea snails, limpets, freshwater snails, land snails and slugs.[1] This clade used to be known as the superorder Neritopsina.

Etymology

[edit]

The clade’s name, Neritimorpha, is from the Ancient Greek νηρίτης (nērī́tēs 'Nerite') and μορφή (morphḗ 'form').[2]

Description

[edit]
Shells of the freshwater snail Theodoxus danubialis
Shells of the land snail species Helicina rostrata
Titiscania, a shellless neritimorph

Despite their relatively low diversity, with only around 2,000 species, neritomorphs have achieved a remarkable diversity of forms, resembling a smaller-scale version of the diversity achieved by Gastropoda as a whole.[3] Terrestrial lifestyles have evolved at least three separate occasions in neritimorphs: the extinct Dawsonellidae and the extant Helicinidae and Hydrocenidae.[4] Neritimorphs also include the shellless, slug-like Titiscania.[3]

In all modern neritomorphs except neritopsids, the inner walls of the protoconch are resorbed.[5]

Unlike most other gastropods, neritomorphs typically have calcified opercula. There is no operculum in the shellless Titiscania, and the Phenacolepadidae have a vestigial, non-calcified operculum that shows no postlarval growth.[6]

Evolutionary history

[edit]

Neritimorpha has an extremely rich geologic history, going back to early Ordovician.[5] This clade has been considered to be a leftover of early gastropod diversification.

Neritimorpha is the sister taxon of the Apogastropoda.[7][8] The clade uniting neritimorphs and apogastropods has been called either Adenogonogastropoda[9] or Angiogastropoda.[7]

All modern members of Neritimorpha are classified in the order Cycloneritimorpha.[5] Neritopsoidea was the first of the four modern neritomorph superfamilies to diverge from the others.[4]

1997 taxonomy

[edit]

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) Neritopsina is a gastropod superorder in the subclass Orthogastropoda. The superfamily Palaeotrochoidea is contained within Neritopsina but its order placement is undetermined.

2005 taxonomy

[edit]

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005[10] categorizes Neritimorpha as a gastropod mollusk clade. It is one of the 6 highest clades in Gastropoda. It contains the clades Cyrtoneritimorpha, Cycloneritimorpha, as well as Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain position.

Clades (and uncertain position taxa) in Neritimorpha include:

Four extant superfamilies are recognised: Helicinoidea, Hydrocenoidea, Neritoidea and Neritopsoidea.

In human society

[edit]

Nerite snails are popular in the aquarium trade.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Uribe, Juan E.; Colgan, Don; Castro, Lyda R.; Kano, Yasunori; Zardoya, Rafael (2016-11-01). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 104: 21–31. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021. hdl:10261/156227. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 27456746.
  2. ^ Bailly, Dictionnaire Grec Francais. 1935.
  3. ^ a b Uribe, Juan E.; Colgan, Don; Castro, Lyda R.; Kano, Yasunori; Zardoya, Rafael (2016-07-22). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Neritimorpha (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 104: 21–31. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.021. hdl:10261/156227. ISSN 1055-7903.
  4. ^ a b Kano, Yasunori; Chiba, Satoshi; Kase, Tomoki (2002-12-07). "Major adaptive radiation in neritopsine gastropods estimated from 28S rRNA sequences and fossil records". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1508): 2457–2465. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2178. eISSN 1471-2954. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691182.
  5. ^ a b c Bandel, Klaus; Frýa, Jiři (1999-09-30). "Notes on the evolution and higher classification of the subclass Neritimorpha (Gastropoda) with the description of some new taxa" (PDF). Geologica et Palaeontologica. 33: 219–235.
  6. ^ Kano, Yasunori (September 2006). "Usefulness of the opercular nucleus for inferring early development in neritimorph gastropods". Journal of Morphology. 267 (9): 1120–1136. doi:10.1002/jmor.10458. eISSN 1097-4687. ISSN 0362-2525.
  7. ^ a b Cunha, Tauana Junqueira; Giribet, Gonzalo (2019-03-13). "A congruent topology for deep gastropod relationships". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1898): 20182776. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2776. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6458328.
  8. ^ Uribe, Juan E; González, Vanessa L; Irisarri, Iker; Kano, Yasunori; Herbert, David G; Strong, Ellen E; Harasewych, M G (2022-10-12). "A phylogenomic backbone for gastropod molluscs". Systematic Biology. 71 (6): 1271–1280. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac045. eISSN 1076-836X. hdl:10261/279410. ISSN 1063-5157.
  9. ^ Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. (2011). "Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology". Arquivos de Zoologia. 32 (4): 161–323. ISSN 0066-7870.
  10. ^ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
  11. ^ "Nerite Snails: Algae Eating, Care, Lifespan, Eggs - Video". Aquarium Care Basics. Retrieved 2022-07-14.
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