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===Species===
===Species===
The genus now contains the following species:<ref name=ioc/>
The genus now contains the following species:<ref name=ioc/>
{{Species table |genus=Parus |authority-name=[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] |authority-year=[[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] |species-count=three|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{| class="wikitable"

|-
{{Species table/row
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution
|name=[[Great tit]] |binomial=[[Parus major]]
|-
|[[File:Great tit (Parus major), Parc du Rouge-Cloitre, Forêt de Soignes, Brussels (26194636951).jpg|120px]] || ''Parus major'' || [[Great tit]]|| Europe
|image=File:Great tit (Parus major), Parc du Rouge-Cloitre, Forêt de Soignes, Brussels (26194636951).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=
|-
|range= Europe
|[[File:Parus minor (side).JPG|120px]] ||''Parus minor''|| [[Japanese tit]]|| Japan and the Russian Far East beyond the Amur River, including the Kuril Islands
|range-image=File:Parus major distribution map.png
|-
|range-image-size=180px
|[[File:Cinereous Tit DSC9994.jpg|120px]] || ''Parus cinereus'' || [[Cinereous tit]]|| West Asia across South Asia and into Southeast Asia.
|size=
|-
|habitat=
⚫
|[[File:Parus monticolus.jpg|120px]] || ''Parus monticolus'' || [[Green-backed tit]]|| Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam.
|hunting=
|-
|iucn-status= LC
⚫
|}
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Fifteen subspecies |bullets=on
|''P. m. newtoni'' {{au|[[Josef Prokop Pražák|Pražák]] 1894.}}
|''P. m. major'' {{au|[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] 1758.}}
|''P. m. excelsus'' {{au|Buvry 1857.}}
|''P. m. corsus'' {{au|[[Otto Kleinschmidt|Kleinschmidt]] 1903.}}
|''P. m. mallorcae'' {{au|[[von Jordans]] 1913.}}
|''P. m. niethammeri'' {{au|von Jordans 1970.}}
|''P. m. aphrodite'' {{au|[[Gyula Madarász|Madarász]] 1901.}}
|''P. m. terrasanctae'' {{au|[[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]] 1910.}}
|''P. m. karelini'' {{au|[[Nicolai Alekseyivich Zarudny|Zarudny]] 1910}}
|''P. m. blandfordi'' {{au|Pražák 1894}}
|''P. m. bokharensis'' {{au|[[Martin Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]] 1823}}
|''P. m. turkestanicus'' {{au|Zarudny & [[Harald von Loudon|Loudon]] 1905}}
|''P. m. ferghanensis'' {{au|[[Sergei Aleksandrovich Buturlin|Buturlin]] 1912}}
|''P. m. kapustini'' {{au|[[Portenko]] 1954}}
⚫
}}
}}

{{Species table/row
|name= [[Cinereous tit]] |binomial=[[Parus cinereus]]
|image=File:Cinereous Tit DSC9994.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=|authority-year= |authority-not-original=yes
|range= West Asia across South Asia and into Southeast Asia.
|range-image=File:Parus cinereus distribution map.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Nineteen subspecies |bullets=on
| ''P. c. decolorans'' {{au|[[Walter Koelz|Koelz]], 1939 }}
| ''P. c. ziaratensis'' {{au|[[Hugh Whistler|Whistler]], 1929 }}
| ''P. c. caschmirensis''{{au| [[Ernst Hartert|Hartert, EJO]], 1905 }}
| ''P. c. planorum'' {{au|Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}
| ''P. c. vauriei'' {{au|[[Sidney Dillon Ripley|Ripley]], 1950 }}
| ''P. c. stupae'' {{au|Koelz, 1939 }}
| ''P. c. mahrattarum'' {{au|Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}
| ''P. c. templorum'' {{au|[[Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee|Meyer de Schauensee]], 1946 }}
| ''P. c. hainanus'' {{au|Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}
| ''P. c. ambiguus'' {{au|([[Stamford Raffles|Raffles]], 1822) }}
| ''P. c. sarawacensis'' {{au|[[Henry H. Slater|Slater, HH]], 1885 }}
| ''P. c. cinereus'' {{au|[[Louis Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1818 }}
| ''P. c. minor'' {{au|[[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]] & [[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1848}}
| ''P. c. dageletensis'' {{au|Kuroda & Nm & Mori, 1920 )}}
| ''P. c. amamiensis'' {{au|[[Otto Kleinschmidt|Kleinschmidt]], 1922}}
| ''P. c. nigriloris'' {{au|[[Carl Eduard Hellmayr|Hellmayr]], 1900 }}
| ''P. c. tibetanus'' {{au|Hartert, EJO, 1905 }}
| ''P. c. commixtus'' {{au|[[Robert Swinhoe|Swinhoe]], 1868 }}
| ''P. c. nubicolus'' {{au|Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 }}
}}
}}


{{Species table/row
|name= [[Green-backed tit]] |binomial=[[Parus monticolus]]
|image=File:Parus monticolus.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Vigors |authority-year=1831 |authority-not-original=
⚫
|range= Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam.
|range-image=File:Parus monticolus distribution map.png
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/end}}



==Fossil record==
==Fossil record==

Latest revision as of 05:25, 8 December 2024

This article is about a bird. For the Ukrainian skyscraper, see Parus Business Centre. For the satellites, see Parus (satellite).

Parus
Great tit Parus major
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Paridae
Genus: Parus
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Parus major (great tit)
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

See text

Distribution of the species in the genus Parus. Parus bokharensis is now treated as a subspecies of P. major

Parus is a genus of Old World birds in the tit family. It was formerly a large genus containing most of the 50 odd species in the family Paridae. The genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2013.[1][2] The genus name, Parus, is the Latin word for "tit".

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genus Parus was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[3] The genus name is Latin for "tit".[4] Of the 12 species included in the genus by Linnaeus, the type species was designated as the great tit (Parus major) by George Robert Gray in 1840.[5][6]

Species

[edit]

The genus now contains the following species:[2]

Genus Parus – Linnaeus, 1758 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Great tit

Parus major
Linnaeus, 1758

Fifteen subspecies
 Europe
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Cinereous tit

Parus cinereus
(, )

Nineteen subspecies
  • P. c. decolorans Koelz, 1939
  • P. c. ziaratensis Whistler, 1929
  • P. c. caschmirensisHartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. planorum Hartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. vauriei Ripley, 1950
  • P. c. stupae Koelz, 1939
  • P. c. mahrattarum Hartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. templorum Meyer de Schauensee, 1946
  • P. c. hainanus Hartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. ambiguus (Raffles, 1822)
  • P. c. sarawacensis Slater, HH, 1885
  • P. c. cinereus Vieillot, 1818
  • P. c. minor Temminck & Schlegel, 1848
  • P. c. dageletensis Kuroda & Nm & Mori, 1920 )
  • P. c. amamiensis Kleinschmidt, 1922
  • P. c. nigriloris Hellmayr, 1900
  • P. c. tibetanus Hartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. commixtus Swinhoe, 1868
  • P. c. nubicolus Meyer de Schauensee, 1946
West Asia across South Asia and into Southeast Asia.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



Green-backed tit

Parus monticolus
Vigors, 1831 		Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 




Fossil record

[edit]
  • Parus robustus (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary) [7]
  • Parus parvulus (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary) [7]
  • Parus medius (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary) [7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Johansson, U.S.; Ekman, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Halvarsson, P.; Ohlson, J.I.; Price, T.D.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2013). "A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 852–860. Bibcode:2013MolPE..69..852J. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019. PMID 23831453.
  2. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits". World Bird List Version 6.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  3. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 189.
  4. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 293. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 23.
  6. ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 70.
  7. ^ a b c Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Gill, Frank B.; Slikas, Beth & Sheldon, Frederick H. (2005): Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Auk 122: 121–143. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract


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