Polack: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 02:32, 27 September 2024

In the contemporary English language, the noun Polack (/ˈpoʊlɑːk/ and /-læk/) is a derogatory term, mainly North American, reference to a person of Polish origin.^[1]^[2] It is an anglicisation of the Polish masculine noun Polak, which denotes a person of Polish ethnicity and typically male gender.^[3]^[4] However, the English loanword is considered an ethnic slur.^[5]^[6]

History

According to Online Etymology Dictionary by Douglas Harper, Polack meant as "Polish immigrant, person of Polish descent" was used in American English until the late 19th century (1879) to describe a "Polish person" in a non-offensive way (1574).^[7] Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) based on the Unabridged Dictionary by Random House claims that the word originated between 1590 and 1600. For example, in Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, the character Horatio uses the term Polacks to refer to the opponents of Hamlet's father:

Such was the very armour he had on
When he the ambitious Norway combated;
So frown'd he once, when, in an angry parle,
He smote the sledded Polacks on the ice.

In an Irish-published edition of Hamlet by the Educational Company, Patrick Murray noted: "Some editors, however, argue that Polacks should read as pole-axe, and that Horatio is remembering an angry Old Hamlet striking the ice with his battle-axe".^[8]

On 26 July 2008, The Times featured a comment piece by restaurant reviewer and columnist Giles Coren which contained viewpoints that many Poles considered to be anti-Polish. In a piece, entitled "Two waves of immigration, Poles apart", Coren used the ethnic slur Polack to describe Polish immigrants who can "clear off", in reference to Polish immigrants leaving the United Kingdom in response to low-paying construction jobs drying up. He went on to articulate his views about the role of Poles in the Holocaust in occupied Poland, referring to the fact that his great-grandfather had left Poland for the United Kingdom:^[9]

The piece prompted a letter of complaint to The Times from the Polish ambassador to the UK, Barbara Tuge-Erecińska. She wrote that "the issue of Polish–Jewish relations has been unfairly and deeply falsified" by his "aggressive remarks" and "contempt".^[10] Coren's comments caused the Federation of Poles in Great Britain to attempt to demand a published apology from The Times under threat of an official complaint to the Press Complaints Commission, which has the power to force an official apology.^[11] After the Press Complaints Commission rejected their complaint because the criticism had been of a group rather than an individual, the Federation of Poles in Great Britain lodged a complaint at the European Court of Human Rights.^[12]

Ethnonyms

The neutral English language noun for a Polish person (male or female) today is Pole (see also: Naming Poland in foreign languages). In some other languages such as Swedish, Norwegian or Scots, polack or polakk are inoffensive terms for a person from Poland.^[13]

In Iberian languages, polaco is a mild slur for people from Catalonia,^[14] though it is a completely neutral way of referring to Polish people in all Ibero-American countries except Brazil, where it became a politically incorrect term, and the noun used for Polish people nowadays is polonês (such term is absent from Spanish and other Portuguese variants).

In Ukrainian, the old exonym лях (lyakh, lyakhy) is now considered offensive^[15] In Russian the same word, formerly often used with negative connotations but not generally offensive, is obsolete. In both languages it was replaced by the neutral поляк (polyak).

Another common Russian ethnic slur for Poles is пшек (pshek), an onomatopoeia derived from Polish phonology: prepositions prze- and przy- are quite common, with rz corresponding to the sound of "zh", and the sibilant-sounding speech (e.g., przepraszam ("excuse me") transcribed as "pzheprasham") has been a target of mockery in Russian culture.^[16]

In Polish, term polaczek (sometimes capitalised as Polaczek; plural: polaczki) is seen as a disrespectful or offensive term for Polish person. In Polish-language media, it is usually also used as a direct translation for English term Polack.^[17]

References

^ Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010). Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. p. 1373. ISBN 9780199571123.
^ "Polack – Define Polack at Dictionary.com". reference.com.
^ (in Polish) Definition of Polak in PWN dictionary:"polak". Retrieved 17 November 2022.
^ Some sources connect the feminine form Polka to the musical form and genre of that name; others link the latter to Czech pulka, meaning "half" and likely referring to the half steps performed by the dancers or the dance's 2/4 as opposed to 4/4 time signature.
^ "Polack". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ Sánchez Fajardo, José A. (2022). Pejorative Suffixes and Combining Forms in English. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 53. ISBN 9789027210609.
^ Harper, Douglas. "Polack". Online Etymology Dictionary.
^ The Educational Company, William Shakespeare's Hamlet edited with notes by Patrick Murray, ISBN 0-86167-003-5 p. 54.
^ "Two waves of immigration, Poles apart" – The Times.
^ "Poland’s role in the Holocaust" – Times Online.
^ Conlan, Tara (8 August 2008). "Giles Coren article in the Times prompts Polish complaints to PCC". The Guardian.
^ "Poles take Coren fight to European Court". The Jewish Chronicle. 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
^ Sten Malmström & Iréne Györki, Bonniers svenska ordbok (Bonniers' Swedish dictionary), ed. Peter A. Sjögren (Stockholm: Bonniers, 1980), ISBN 91-0-042749-7, p. 249.
^ Why are the Catalans called 'polacos'? – Polska Viva (in Spanish).
^ (in Ukrainian) Ляхи (Lyakhy) in Ukrainian Wikipedia.
^ пшек, Словарь русского арго, ГРАМОТА.РУ. В. С. Елистратов. 2002.
^ Nazwy członków narodów, ras i szczepów. In: Wielki słownik ortograficzny. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)

[1] Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010). Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. p. 1373. ISBN 9780199571123.

[dictionary1-2] "Polack – Define Polack at Dictionary.com". reference.com.

[3] (in Polish) Definition of Polak in PWN dictionary:"polak". Retrieved 17 November 2022.

[4] Some sources connect the feminine form Polka to the musical form and genre of that name; others link the latter to Czech pulka, meaning "half" and likely referring to the half steps performed by the dancers or the dance's 2/4 as opposed to 4/4 time signature.

[5] "Polack". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[6] Sánchez Fajardo, José A. (2022). Pejorative Suffixes and Combining Forms in English. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 53. ISBN 9789027210609.

[7] Harper, Douglas. "Polack". Online Etymology Dictionary.

[Murray-8] The Educational Company, William Shakespeare's Hamlet edited with notes by Patrick Murray, ISBN 0-86167-003-5 p. 54.

[timesonline-2-9] "Two waves of immigration, Poles apart" – The Times.

[timesonline1-10] "Poland’s role in the Holocaust" – Times Online.

[guardian2-11] Conlan, Tara (8 August 2008). "Giles Coren article in the Times prompts Polish complaints to PCC". The Guardian.

[12] "Poles take Coren fight to European Court". The Jewish Chronicle. 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2023-11-03.

[13] Sten Malmström & Iréne Györki, Bonniers svenska ordbok (Bonniers' Swedish dictionary), ed. Peter A. Sjögren (Stockholm: Bonniers, 1980), ISBN 91-0-042749-7, p. 249.

[14] Why are the Catalans called 'polacos'? – Polska Viva (in Spanish).

[Lyakhy-15] (in Ukrainian) Ляхи (Lyakhy) in Ukrainian Wikipedia.

[16] пшек, Словарь русского арго, ГРАМОТА.РУ. В. С. Елистратов. 2002.

[17] Nazwy członków narodów, ras i szczepów. In: Wielki słownik ortograficzny. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Derogatory word used for a Polish person}}
 {{Other uses}}
-{{Distinguish|Polock|Polock (disambiguation)}}
+{{Distinguish|Polock}}
-In the contemporary English language, the noun '''''Polock''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|oʊ|l|ɑː|k}} and {{IPAc-en|-|l|æ|k}}) is a [[derogatory]], mainly [[North American English|North American]], reference to a person of [[Poles|Polish]] descent or from [[Poland]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Stevenson |editor1-first=Angus |title=Oxford Dictionary of English |date=2010 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199571123 |page=1373}}</ref><ref name="dictionary1">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=polack|title=Polock – Define Polack at Dictionary.com|work=reference.com}}</ref> It is an [[anglicisation]] of the [[Polish language|Polish]] masculine noun ''Polok'', which denotes a person of Polish ethnicity and typically male gender.<ref>Some sources connect the feminine form ''Polka'' to the [[Polka|musical form and genre of that name]]; others link the latter to Czech ''pulka'', meaning "half" and [[Polka#Etymology|likely referring to]] the half steps performed by the dancers or the dance's 2/4 as opposed to 4/4 time signature.</ref> However, the English [[loanword]] is considered an [[ethnic slur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Polack |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Polock |website=merriam-webster.com |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] |access-date=26 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sánchez Fajardo |first1=José A. |title=Pejorative Suffixes and Combining Forms in English |date=2022 |publisher=[[John Benjamins Publishing Company]] |isbn=9789027210609 |page=53}}</ref>
+In the contemporary English language, the noun '''''Polack''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|oʊ|l|ɑː|k}} and {{IPAc-en|-|l|æ|k}}) is a [[Pejorative|derogatory term]], mainly [[North American English|North American]], reference to a person of [[Polish people|Polish]] origin.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Stevenson |editor1-first=Angus |title=Oxford Dictionary of English |date=2010 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199571123 |page=1373}}</ref><ref name="dictionary1">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=polack|title=Polack – Define Polack at Dictionary.com|work=reference.com}}</ref> It is an [[anglicisation]] of the [[Polish language|Polish]] masculine noun ''Polak'', which denotes a person of Polish ethnicity and typically male gender.<ref>{{in lang|pl}} Definition of Polak in PWN dictionary:{{cite web|url=https://sjp.pwn.pl/slowniki/polak.html|title=polak|access-date= 17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>Some sources connect the feminine form ''Polka'' to the [[Polka|musical form and genre of that name]]; others link the latter to Czech ''pulka'', meaning "half" and [[Polka#Etymology|likely referring to]] the half steps performed by the dancers or the dance's 2/4 as opposed to 4/4 time signature.</ref> However, the English [[loanword]] is considered an [[ethnic slur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Polack |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Polack |website=merriam-webster.com |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] |access-date=26 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sánchez Fajardo |first1=José A. |title=Pejorative Suffixes and Combining Forms in English |date=2022 |publisher=[[John Benjamins Publishing Company]] |isbn=9789027210609 |page=53}}</ref>
 == History ==
-According to ''Online Etymology Dictionary'' by Douglas Harper, ''Polack'' meant as "Polish immigrant, person of Polish descent" was used in American English until the late 19th century (1879) to describe a "Polish person" in a non-offensive way (1574).<ref>{{OEtymD|Polack}}</ref> [[Dictionary.com]] Unabridged (v 1.1) based on the [[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|Unabridged Dictionary by Random House]] claims that the word originated between 1590 and 1600. For example, [[Shakespeare]] uses the term ''Polacks'' in his tragedy ''[[Hamlet]]'' to refer to opponents of Hamlet's father. A quote is given below:
+According to ''Online Etymology Dictionary'' by Douglas Harper, ''Polack'' meant as "Polish immigrant, person of Polish descent" was used in American English until the late 19th century (1879) to describe a "Polish person" in a non-offensive way (1574).<ref>{{OEtymD|Polack}}</ref> [[Dictionary.com]] Unabridged (v 1.1) based on the [[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|Unabridged Dictionary by Random House]] claims that the word originated between 1590 and 1600. For example, in [[Shakespeare]]'s tragedy [[Hamlet]], the character [[Horatio (character)|Horatio]] uses the term ''Polacks'' to refer to the opponents of Hamlet's father:
 {{poem quote|Such was the very armour he had on
-When he the ambitious Norway combated:
+When he the ambitious Norway combated;
-So frowned he once, when in an angry parle
+So frown'd he once, when, in an angry parle,
-He smote the sledded Polacks on the ice}}
+He smote the sledded Polacks on the ice.}}
-In an Irish-published edition of ''Hamlet'' by the ''Educational Company'', Patrick Murray noted: "Some editors, however, argue that ''Polacks'' should read as ''[[pole-axe]]'', and that [[Horatio (character)|Horatio]] is remembering an angry [[King Hamlet|Old Hamlet]] striking the ice with his battle-axe".<ref name="Murray">The Educational Company, [http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/patrick-murray-william-shakespeare/the-tragedy-of-hamlet-prince-of-denmark-goo/1-the-tragedy-of-hamlet-prince-of-denmark-goo.shtml  William Shakespeare's Hamlet edited with notes by Patrick Murray], {{ISBN|0-86167-003-5}} p.&nbsp;54.</ref>
+In an Irish-published edition of ''Hamlet'' by the ''Educational Company'', Patrick Murray noted: "Some editors, however, argue that ''Polacks'' should read as ''[[pole-axe]]'', and that Horatio is remembering an angry [[King Hamlet|Old Hamlet]] striking the ice with his battle-axe".<ref name="Murray">The Educational Company, [http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/patrick-murray-william-shakespeare/the-tragedy-of-hamlet-prince-of-denmark-goo/1-the-tragedy-of-hamlet-prince-of-denmark-goo.shtml  William Shakespeare's Hamlet edited with notes by Patrick Murray], {{ISBN|0-86167-003-5}} p.&nbsp;54.</ref>
-On 26 July 2008, ''[[The Times]]'' featured a comment piece by restaurant reviewer and columnist [[Giles Coren]] (known for his profanity-strewn complaints),<ref name="TMG">{{cite news |last1=Matthew |first1=Moore |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2455076/Restaurant-reviewer-Giles-Coren-abuses-colleagues-in-leaked-email.html |title=Restaurant reviewer Giles Coren abuses colleagues in leaked email |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |publisher=Telegraph Media Group |date=11 September 2008 |access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> which contained viewpoints that many Poles considered to be [[anti-Polish sentiment|anti-Polish]].<ref name="guardian1">[https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jul/25/pressandpublishing.thetimes "I have never ended on an unstressed syllable!"] Media. ''[[The Guardian]]''.</ref> In a piece, entitled "Two waves of immigration, Poles apart",<ref name="timesonline-2">[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/giles_coren/article4399669.ece?Submitted=true "Two waves of immigration, Poles apart"] – ''Times Online''.</ref> Coren used the [[ethnic slur]] ''Polack'' to describe Polish immigrants who can "clear off", in reference to Polish immigrants leaving the United Kingdom in response to low-paying construction jobs drying up. He went on to articulate his views about the role of Poles in [[the Holocaust in Poland|the Holocaust in occupied Poland]], referencing the fact that his great-grandfather had left Poland for the United Kingdom:
+On 26 July 2008, ''[[The Times]]'' featured a comment piece by restaurant reviewer and columnist [[Giles Coren]] which contained viewpoints that many Poles considered to be [[anti-Polish sentiment|anti-Polish]]. In a piece, entitled "Two waves of immigration, Poles apart", Coren used the [[ethnic slur]] ''Polack'' to describe Polish immigrants who can "clear off", in reference to Polish immigrants leaving the United Kingdom in response to low-paying construction jobs drying up. He went on to articulate his views about the role of Poles in [[the Holocaust in Poland|the Holocaust in occupied Poland]], referring to the fact that his great-grandfather had left Poland for the United Kingdom:<ref name="timesonline-2">[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/two-waves-of-immigration-poles-apart-jrpqm0797dx "Two waves of immigration, Poles apart"] – ''The Times''.</ref>
+The piece prompted a letter of complaint to ''The Times'' from the Polish ambassador to the UK, [[Barbara Tuge-Erecińska]]. She wrote that "the issue of Polish–Jewish relations has been unfairly and deeply falsified" by his "aggressive remarks" and "contempt".<ref name="timesonline1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203144516/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/letters/article4431225.ece "Poland’s role in the Holocaust"] – ''Times Online''.</ref> Coren's comments caused the [[Federation of Poles in Great Britain]] to attempt to demand a published apology from ''The Times'' under threat of an official complaint to the [[Press Complaints Commission]], which has the power to force an official apology.<ref name="guardian2">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/aug/08/pressandpublishing.thetimes?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront |title=Giles Coren article in the Times prompts Polish complaints to PCC |first=Tara |last=Conlan |date=8 August 2008 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> After the Press Complaints Commission rejected their complaint because the criticism had been of a group rather than an individual, the Federation of Poles in Great Britain lodged a complaint at the [[European Court of Human Rights]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-03-05 |title=Poles take Coren fight to European Court |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]] |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk/poles-take-coren-fight-to-european-court-1.7938 |access-date=2023-11-03}}</ref>
-{{quote|We Corens are here, now, because the ancestors of these Poles now going home used to amuse themselves at Easter by locking Jews in the synagogue and setting fire to it.}}
-The piece prompted a letter of complaint to ''The Times'' from the Polish ambassador to the UK, [[Barbara Tuge-Erecińska]]. She wrote that "the issue of Polish–Jewish relations has been unfairly and deeply falsified" by his "aggressive remarks" and "contempt".<ref name="timesonline1">[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/letters/article4431225.ece "Poland’s role in the Holocaust"] – ''Times Online''.</ref> Coren's comments caused the [[Federation of Poles in Great Britain]] to attempt to demand a published apology from ''The Times'' under threat of an official complaint to the [[Press Complaints Commission]], which has the power to force an official apology.<ref name="guardian2">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/aug/08/pressandpublishing.thetimes?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront |title=Giles Coren article in the Times prompts Polish complaints to PCC |first=Tara |last=Conlan |date=8 August 2008 |via=The Guardian}}</ref> After the Press Complaints Commission rejected their complaint because the criticism had been of a group rather than an individual, the Federation of Poles in Great Britain lodged a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights.
 == Ethnonyms ==
-The neutral [[English language]] noun for a Polish person (male or female) today is [[Poles|Pole]] (see also: [[Name of Poland#Exonyms|Naming Poland in foreign languages]]). In some other languages such as [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] or [[Scots Language|Scots]], ''polack'' or ''polakk'' are inoffensive terms for a person from Poland.<ref>Sten Malmström & Iréne Györki, ''Bonniers svenska ordbok'' (Bonniers' Swedish dictionary), ed. Peter A. Sjögren (Stockholm: Bonniers, 1980), {{ISBN|91-0-042749-7}}, p. 249.</ref>
+The neutral [[English language]] noun for a Polish person (male or female) today is [[Polish people|Pole]] (see also: [[Name of Poland#Exonyms|Naming Poland in foreign languages]]). In some other languages such as [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] or [[Scots Language|Scots]], ''polack'' or ''polakk'' are inoffensive terms for a person from Poland.<ref>Sten Malmström & Iréne Györki, ''Bonniers svenska ordbok'' (Bonniers' Swedish dictionary), ed. Peter A. Sjögren (Stockholm: Bonniers, 1980), {{ISBN|91-0-042749-7}}, p. 249.</ref>
-In [[Ibero-Romance languages|Iberian languages]], ''[[Polaco (slur)|polaco]]'' is a mild slur for people from [[Catalonia]],<ref>[http://polskaviva.com/2012/07/14/por-que-se-llama-polacos-a-los-catalanes/ Why are the Catalans called 'polacos'?] – Polska Viva {{in lang|es}}.</ref> though it is a completely neutral way of referencing Polish people in all Ibero-American countries except Brazil, where, much like ''galego''{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} ([[Galician people|Galician]]), ''alemão''{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} ([[German diaspora|German]]) and ''russo''{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} ([[Russian people|Russian]]), it became a politically incorrect term, and the noun used for Polish people is ''polonês'' (such term is absent from Spanish and other Portuguese variants).
+In [[Ibero-Romance languages|Iberian languages]], ''[[Polaco (slur)|polaco]]'' is a mild slur for people from [[Catalonia]],<ref>[http://polskaviva.com/2012/07/14/por-que-se-llama-polacos-a-los-catalanes/ Why are the Catalans called 'polacos'?] – Polska Viva {{in lang|es}}.</ref> though it is a completely neutral way of referring to Polish people in all Ibero-American countries except Brazil, where it became a politically incorrect term, and the noun used for Polish people nowadays is ''polonês'' (such term is absent from Spanish and other Portuguese variants).
 In [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], the old [[Exonym and endonym|exonym]] [[Lechites|лях]] (''lyakh'', ''lyakhy'') is now considered offensive<ref name=Lyakhy>{{in lang|uk}} [[:uk:Ляхи|Ляхи]] (Lyakhy) in Ukrainian Wikipedia.</ref> In Russian the same word, formerly often used with negative connotations but not generally offensive, is obsolete. In both languages it was replaced by the neutral {{lang|ru|поляк}} (''polyak'').
-Another common Russian ethnic slur for Poles is {{lang|ru|пшек}} (''pshek''), an [[onomatopoeia]] derived from [[Polish phonology]]: prepositions {{lang|pl|prze-}} and {{lang|pl|przy-}} are quite common, with {{lang|pl|rz}} corresponding to the sound of "sh", and the sibilant-sounding speech (e.g., {{lang|pl|przepraszam}} ("excuse me") transcribed as "psheprasham") has been a target of mockery in Russian culture.<ref>[https://russian_argo.academic.ru/10440 пшек], ''Словарь русского арго'', ГРАМОТА.РУ. В. С. Елистратов. 2002.</ref>
+Another common Russian ethnic slur for Poles is {{lang|ru|пшек}} (''pshek''), an [[onomatopoeia]] derived from [[Polish phonology]]: prepositions {{lang|pl|prze-}} and {{lang|pl|przy-}} are quite common, with {{lang|pl|rz}} corresponding to the sound of "zh", and the sibilant-sounding speech (e.g., {{lang|pl|przepraszam}} ("excuse me") transcribed as "pzheprasham") has been a target of mockery in Russian culture.<ref>[https://russian_argo.academic.ru/10440 пшек], ''Словарь русского арго'', ГРАМОТА.РУ. В. С. Елистратов. 2002.</ref>
+In [[Polish language|Polish]], term ''polaczek'' (sometimes capitalised as ''Polaczek''; plural: ''polaczki'') is seen as  a disrespectful or offensive term for Polish person. In Polish-language media, it is usually also used as a direct translation for English term ''Polack''.<ref>''Nazwy członków narodów, ras i szczepów''. In: ''Wielki słownik ortograficzny''. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (in Polish)</ref>
 == See also ==
 * [[Anti-Polish sentiment]]
-* [[Polish joke]] at times referred to as "Polack joke"
+* [[Polish joke]], at times referred to as "Polack joke"
 == References ==
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 [[Category:Anti-Polish sentiment]]
 [[Category:Stereotypes of Polish people]]
-[[Category:Pejorative terms for white people]]
 [[Category:English words]]
 [[Category:Pejorative terms for European people]]