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===Antidiabetic===
===Antidiabetic===
Bartosíková , Necas (2007), conducted a biochemical examination that showed a protective antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of pomiferin.<ref name="Ceska Slov Farm. 2007 Jun;56(3):135-40.">{{cite web|last1=Bartosíková|first1=L|title=Examination of the antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of pomiferin in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17867526|website=PubMed|publisher=Ceska Slov Farm. 2007|accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref>
Bartosíková , Necas (2007), conducted a biochemical examination that showed a protective antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of pomiferin.<ref name="Ceska Slov Farm. 2007 Jun;56(3):135-40.">{{cite web|last1=Bartosíková|first1=L|title=Examination of the antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of pomiferin in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17867526|website=PubMed|publisher=Ceska Slov Farm. 2007|accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref>
Moon(2014) presented the results of a study that evaluated the antidiabetic effect of osajin and pomiferin from the Osage orange in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pomiferin in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic effects showed significant hypoglycemic activity for 14 days significantly decreased the serum glucose, triglyceride while it increased the serum insulin in diabetic rats <ref name="Nat Prod Commun">{{cite web|last1=Moon|first1=H. I.|title=Effect of osajin and pomiferin on antidiabetic effects from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632468|website=PubMed|publisher=Nat Prod Commun. 2014 Dec;9(12):1723-4.|accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref>


===PDE5 inhibitor===
===PDE5 inhibitor===

Revision as of 14:10, 19 August 2015

Pomiferin

Pomiferin
pomiferin
Names
IUPAC name
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one
Other names
Pomiferin
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(=CCC1=C(C2=C(C3=C1OC(C=C3)(C)C)OC=C(C2=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C
Properties
C25H24O6
Molar mass 420.45446 g/mol
Density 1.314g/cm3
Boiling point 673.5°C at 760 mmHg
DMSO, Acetone
Hazards
Flash point 233.3°C
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

’’'Pomiferin‘’’ is a prenylated isoflavone that can be found along with osajin in the fruits and female flowers of the osage orange tree (Maclura pomifera). ( the female flowers of this tree contain 0.38% Pomiferin, and the Osage orange fruit contains 13.6% Pomiferin )[1]

Pomiferin was identified, and named in 1939 by Melville. L. Wolfrom (The Ohio State University Organic Chemistry Department)[2]. In 1941 Professor Wolfram classified pomiferin as an isoflavone and in 1946 he published the complete structure of Pomiferin[3]. In 2003 The crystal structure of pomiferin (3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4H,8H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one), C25H24O6 was reported by Marek, J.[4]

In recent research Pomiferin has demonstrated efficacy as an antioxidant , cardioprotectant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic , PDE5 inhibitor and a chemotheropy drug for several cancer cell lines.

Research

The prenylated isoflavonoid , pomiferin, has been the subject of many research studies. One area that is not listed below is the use of pomiferin as an insecticide . Peterson and Fristad (2000) Investigated the folklore that the osage orange fruit repels insects. They tested the repellency of purified pomiferin and osajin using the Maize Weevil and they concluded that the pure pomiferin had little or no effect and that there must be another component of the Osage orange that repells incects[5]

The following research is focused on the uses of pomiferin that have provided positive results or significant biological applications.

Antioxidant

pomiferin, has shown antioxidant activity in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the reduction of free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other unstable molecules. Tsao and Yang (2003)[6] reported that Pomiferin was found to be a strong antioxidant , comparable to the antioxidant vitamins C and E and the synthetic antioxidant BHT.[7]

Cardioprotectant

Necas and Bartosikova (2007) reported that the flavonoid pomiferin has been shown to have potent cardioprotective effect on rat hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion injury The mechanism for this protection may occur through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.[8]

Antimicrobial

Mahmoud (1981)[9]indicated that pomiferin, exhibited interesting antibacterial activity against E. coli (12.5 μg/ml, ) and Salmonella gallinarum (25 μg/ml ) and to moderately inhibited Mycobacterium smegmatis (6.25 μg/ml )

Antidiabetic

Bartosíková , Necas (2007), conducted a biochemical examination that showed a protective antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of pomiferin.[10] Moon(2014) presented the results of a study that evaluated the antidiabetic effect of osajin and pomiferin from the Osage orange in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pomiferin in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic effects showed significant hypoglycemic activity for 14 days significantly decreased the serum glucose, triglyceride while it increased the serum insulin in diabetic rats [11]

PDE5 inhibitor

suggested chemotherapeutic agents

References

  1. ^ Orhan, I (August 2009). "Cholinesterase inhibitory effects of the extracts and compounds of Maclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneider". Food Chem Toxicol. 8 (47): 1747–51. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.023. PMID 19394400. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  2. ^ Wolfram, Melville (1939). "Isolation of a New Pigment, Pomiferin," (PDF). J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 61: 2832–2836. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  3. ^ Wolfram, Melville (1946). ". Complete Structures of Osajin and Pomiferin" (PDF). J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 68: 406–418. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  4. ^ "Pomiferin". PubMed. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  5. ^ Peterson, Chris (1 December 2000). "Osajin and Pomiferin, Two Isoflavones Purified from Osage Orange Fruits, Tested for Repellency to the Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)". Environmental Entomology Journal: 1133–1137. doi:10.1603/0046-225X-29.6.1133. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  6. ^ Tsao, Rong (2003). "Antioxidant Isoflavones in Osage Orange, Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid". Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 51 (22): 6445–6451. doi:10.1021/jf0342369.
  7. ^ Schall, E.D. (1956). "The antioxidants of the osage orange fruit". J. Am Oil Chem. Soc. 33: 80–82. doi:10.1007/BF02612556. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  8. ^ J. Nečas, J. (2007). "Protective Effects of Flavonoid Pomiferin on Heart Ischemia-Reperfusion". Acta Vet. Brno. 76 (3): 363–370. doi:10.2754/avb200776030363. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  9. ^ Mahmoud, F.Z. "Antimicrobial components from Maclura pomifera fruit". PubMed. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  10. ^ Bartosíková, L. "Examination of the antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of pomiferin in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in". PubMed. Ceska Slov Farm. 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  11. ^ Moon, H. I. "Effect of osajin and pomiferin on antidiabetic effects from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats". PubMed. Nat Prod Commun. 2014 Dec;9(12):1723-4. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
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