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| initiation_date = Vaishakh Shukla 5 [[Vikram Samvat]] 1904 ( 1848 CE)
| initiation_date = Vaishakh Shukla 5 [[Vikram Samvat]] 1904 ( 1848 CE)
| works = Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa
| works = Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa
| predecessor =
| successor = Achary Dhanchandrasuri
}}
}}
{{Jainism}}
{{Jainism}}
[[Acharya]] '''Rajendrasuri''' was a [[Svetambara]] [[Jainism|Jain]] monk and reformer of monk traditions of the 19th century. He wrote many books on [[Jainism]] including ''Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa'', a dictionary of [[Prakrit]] defining 60000 terms used in Jain works.
[[Acharya]] '''Rajendrasuri''' (3 December 1827 – 21 December 1906) was a [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jainism|Jain]] monk and reformer of monk traditions of the 19th century. He wrote many books on [[Jainism]] including ''अभिधान राजेंद्र कोष.''


==Early life==
==Early life==
Acharya Rajendrasuri was born to businessman Rishabhadas Parakh and Keshardevi. His birth name was Ratna Raj. He was born on 3 December 1827 <!---4 January 1827 (Thrusday) according to Book- shree saudharma bruhat tapagachchiy tristutik parampara- muni charitra ratna vijay ji --->{{better source|date=March 2018}} at [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan]].<ref name="mmt">{{cite web | url=http://www.jainuniversity.org/html/pdfs/16_Rajendrasuri_ms.pdf | title=Main Monks of Tradition | work=www.jainuniversity.org | accessdate=25 March 2013 | pages=2 | language=Gujarati}}</ref><ref name="nss">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC&pg=PA65 | title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher | author=Shah, Natubhai | year=2004 | pages=65 | isbn=9788120819382 | volume=1}}</ref><ref name="rsnt">{{cite web | url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=86158| title=Acharya Rajendrasuri: Biography | work=www.herenow4u.net | accessdate=25 March 2013}}</ref>
Acharya Rajendrasuri was born to businessman Rishabhadas Parakh and Keshardevi. His birth name was Ratna Raj. He was born on 3 December 1827. He had 1 sister and 1 brother <!---4 January 1827 (Thrusday) according to Book- shree saudharma bruhat tapagachchiy tristutik parampara- muni charitra ratna vijay ji --->{{better source|date=March 2018}} at [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan]].<ref name="mmt">{{cite web |title=Main Monks of Tradition |url=http://www.jainuniversity.org/html/pdfs/16_Rajendrasuri_ms.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221061735/http://www.jainuniversity.org/html/pdfs/16_Rajendrasuri_ms.pdf |archive-date=2005-12-21 |access-date=25 March 2013 |work=www.jainuniversity.org |pages=2 |language=gu}}</ref><ref name="nss">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC&pg=PA65 | title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors | publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher | author=Shah, Natubhai | year=2004 | pages=65 | isbn=9788120819382 | volume=1}}</ref><ref name="rsnt">{{cite web | url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=86158| title=Acharya Rajendrasuri: Biography | work=www.herenow4u.net | access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref>


==Ascetic life==
==Ascetic life==
He was initiated as a [[Jain]] ''[[yati]]'' (a Jain monk who stays in the same place) by Hemavijay at [[Udaipur]] on Vaishakh Shukla 5 [[Vikram Samvat]] 1904 (in 1848 CE) and given a new name, Ratnavijay. He was the first yati initiated in the 19th century.<ref name="nss"/> Later his name was changed to Rajendrasuri upon his elevation to [[acharya]] rank.<ref name="rsnt"/>
He was initiated as a [[Jain]] ''[[yati]]'' (a Jain monk who stays in the same place) by Hemavijay at [[Udaipur]] on Vaishakh Shukla 5 [[Vikram Samvat]] 1904 (in 1848 CE) and given a new name, Ratnavijay. He was the first yati initiated in the 19th century.<ref name="nss"/> Later his name was changed to Rajendrasuri upon his elevation to [[acharya]] rank.<ref name="rsnt"/>


He studied under Pramodsuri and Jain yati monk Sagarchand. Dharanendrasuri, impressed by his scholarship, appointed him as his ''daftari''. Ratnavijay was disappointed with the luxurious life of Dharanendrasuri and left him in 1864 AD. Later he became the leader of [[Tapa Gaccha]].<ref name="rsnt"/><ref name="ars">{{cite web | url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=62442&tt_address_pi1%5Buid%5D=1960&cHash=505f250d57 | title=Acharya Rajendrasuri | work=www.herenow4u.net | date=23 April 2012 | accessdate=25 March 2013}}</ref>
He studied under Pramodsuri and Jain yati monk Sagarchand. Dharanendrasuri, impressed by his scholarship, appointed him as his ''daftari''. Ratnavijay was disappointed with the luxurious life of Dharanendrasuri and left him in 1864 AD. Later he became the leader of [[Tapa Gaccha]].<ref name="rsnt"/><ref name="ars">{{cite web | url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=62442&tt_address_pi1%5Buid%5D=1960&cHash=505f250d57 | title=Acharya Rajendrasuri | work=www.herenow4u.net | date=23 April 2012 | access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref>


He led a movement in 1880 to reform ''[[yati]]'' tradition at [[Jaora]], resulting in near extinction of it. He opposed the luxurious life of the Jain yatis, contradictory to Jain principles of non-possession and non-violence. He issued a nine-point manifesto known as ''Nav-kalama''. He explained nine principles to reform Jain yati tradition. His manifesto was accepted after some initial opposition. Many leading yati and monks gave up their luxurious life and started following Jain principles. He established Agama or Samakit [[Gaccha]], later known as [[Tristutik Gaccha]].<ref name="nss"/><ref name="rsnt"/><ref name="ars"/>
He led a movement in 1880 to reform ''[[yati]]'' tradition at [[Jaora]], resulting in near extinction of it. He opposed the luxurious life of the Jain yatis, contradictory to Jain principles of non-possession and non-violence. He issued a nine-point manifesto known as ''Nav-kalama''. He explained nine principles to reform Jain yati tradition. His manifesto was accepted after some initial opposition. Many leading yati and monks gave up their luxurious life and started following Jain principles. He established Agama or Samakit [[Gaccha]], later known as [[Tristutik Gaccha]].<ref name="nss"/><ref name="rsnt"/><ref name="ars"/>
Line 45: Line 43:
==Works==
==Works==
[[File:Sri Rajendrasuri Guru Mandir, Santhu.JPG|thumb|250px|Shrine dedicated to Rajendrasuri at [[Santhu]]]]
[[File:Sri Rajendrasuri Guru Mandir, Santhu.JPG|thumb|250px|Shrine dedicated to Rajendrasuri at [[Santhu]]]]
[[File:Jain Universal History Diorama in Jain Museum of Madhuban 22.jpg|thumb|A diorama in Jain Museum of Madhuban depicting his compilation of ''Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa'']]
Rajendrasuri wrote, collected and edited some Jain works. He compiled the [[Prakrit]] dictionary, ''Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa'', in seven volumes with 9200 pages describing 60000 terms.<ref name="nss"/><ref name="rsnt"/>
Rajendrasuri wrote, collected and edited some Jain works. He compiled the [[Prakrit]] dictionary, ''Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa'', in seven volumes with 9,200 pages describing 60,000 terms.<ref name="nss"/><ref name="rsnt"/>


His works include:{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
His works include:{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
Line 95: Line 94:


==Recognition==
==Recognition==
Shrines dedicated to him were erected at several places in India including [[Mohankheda]], [[Bhinmal]],Dhanera, [[Jalore]], Bangalore, Bijapur, Ahemdabad, Tharad, Bharatpur, Indore, Ratlam, and [[Santhu]] etc. His death centenary was celebrated in 2006 at [[Mohankheda]].{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
Shrines dedicated to him were erected at several places in India including [[Mohankheda]], [[Bhinmal]], Dhanera, [[Jalore]], Bangalore, Bijapur, Ahemdabad, Tharad, Bharatpur, Indore, Ratlam, and [[Santhu]], Kachrod,Rajendra Nagar,Devispeta(Nellore District)etc. His death centenary was celebrated in 2006 at [[Mohankheda]].{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

==Successors==
Following are the successors in his tradition:<ref name="mmt"/> {{Update needed|date=September 2019|reason=}}

*Acharya Shrimadvijay Dhanachandra surishwar Ji (1839-1920)
*Acharya Shrimadvijay Bhupendra surishwar Ji (1887-1936)
*Acharya Shrimadvijay Yatindra surishwar Ji (1883-1960)
*Acharya Shrimadvijay Viddhachandra surishwar Ji (1906-1982)
*Acharya Shrimadvijay Jayantsain Surishwar Ji (1936-current)
*Acharya Shrimadvijay Hemendra Surishwar Ji (current)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enacademic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/4128868|title=📌 Acharya Rajendrasuri|website=Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias|language=en|access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajendrasuri, Acharya}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajendrasuri, Acharya}}
[[Category:Jain acharyas]]
[[Category:Jain acharyas]]
⚫
[[Category:Jain writers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Scholars from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
[[Category:Rajasthani people]]
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[[Category:1906 deaths]]
[[Category:1906 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Jain monks]]
[[Category:Indian Jain monks]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Jains]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Jain writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Jain monks]]
[[Category:19th-century Jain monks]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian monks]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian monks]]
[[Category:Jain reformers]]
[[Category:Jain reformers]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
⚫
[[Category:Śvetāmbara monks]]

Latest revision as of 12:13, 17 October 2024

Acharya
Rajendrasuri
Official nameAcharya Rajendrasuri
Personal life
Born
Ratna Raj

(1827-12-03)3 December 1827
Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
Died21 December 1906(1906-12-21) (aged 80)
Mohankheda, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
Parent(s)Rishabhadas Parakh, Keshardevi
Notable work(s)Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa
Religious life
ReligionJainism
InitiationRajendrasuri
Vaishakh Shukla 5 Vikram Samvat 1904 ( 1848 CE)
Udaipur
by Hemavijay
Part of a series on
Jainism
Philosophy
Ethics
Ethics of Jainism
Mahavratas (major vows)
Anuvratas (further vows)
Jain prayers
Major figures
Major sects
Schools and Branches
Jain literature
Festivals
Pilgrimages
Tirth
Other

Acharya Rajendrasuri (3 December 1827 – 21 December 1906) was a Śvetāmbara Jain monk and reformer of monk traditions of the 19th century. He wrote many books on Jainism including अभिधान राजेंद्र कोष.

Early life

[edit]

Acharya Rajendrasuri was born to businessman Rishabhadas Parakh and Keshardevi. His birth name was Ratna Raj. He was born on 3 December 1827. He had 1 sister and 1 brother [better source needed] at Bharatpur, Rajasthan.[1][2][3]

Ascetic life

[edit]

He was initiated as a Jain yati (a Jain monk who stays in the same place) by Hemavijay at Udaipur on Vaishakh Shukla 5 Vikram Samvat 1904 (in 1848 CE) and given a new name, Ratnavijay. He was the first yati initiated in the 19th century.[2] Later his name was changed to Rajendrasuri upon his elevation to acharya rank.[3]

He studied under Pramodsuri and Jain yati monk Sagarchand. Dharanendrasuri, impressed by his scholarship, appointed him as his daftari. Ratnavijay was disappointed with the luxurious life of Dharanendrasuri and left him in 1864 AD. Later he became the leader of Tapa Gaccha.[3][4]

He led a movement in 1880 to reform yati tradition at Jaora, resulting in near extinction of it. He opposed the luxurious life of the Jain yatis, contradictory to Jain principles of non-possession and non-violence. He issued a nine-point manifesto known as Nav-kalama. He explained nine principles to reform Jain yati tradition. His manifesto was accepted after some initial opposition. Many leading yati and monks gave up their luxurious life and started following Jain principles. He established Agama or Samakit Gaccha, later known as Tristutik Gaccha.[2][3][4]

He restored and reconstructed some Jain temples and consecrated 1023 icons of Tirthankaras.[2] He visited Rajasthan and Malwa where he delivered religious discourses in Malwi, Marwari languages. He also opposed worship of other gods and goddesses over the worship of Tirthankars.[3]

Rajendrasuri died on 21 December 1906[2] (Vikram Samvat 1963 Pous Shukla Saptami) at Mohankheda, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. Later, Mohankheda became a centre for learning and a tirtha around 1940.[1][4]

Works

[edit]
Shrine dedicated to Rajendrasuri at Santhu
A diorama in Jain Museum of Madhuban depicting his compilation of Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa

Rajendrasuri wrote, collected and edited some Jain works. He compiled the Prakrit dictionary, Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa, in seven volumes with 9,200 pages describing 60,000 terms.[2][3]

His works include:[citation needed]

  1. Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa
  2. Prakrit Vyakruti (Commentary on Grammar)
  3. Kalpasutra Prabodhini (Commentary on the Kalpasutra)
  4. Khartar Taskar Prabandh (Unpublished)
  5. Bhagawati Sutra Sateek
  6. Gachchhar Payanna
  7. Terapanth Prashnottar Vichara
  8. Mahanishitha Sutra (fifth)
  9. Brahata sangrihani
  10. Upasaka Dashanga Sutra
  11. Prakrit Shabda Rupawali
  12. Deepmalika Katha (Story of Diwali)
  13. Holika Katha (Story of Holi)
  14. Gandhara vad
  15. Karma Vichar (Unpublished)
  16. Tatva Vichar (Unpublished)
  17. Kalpasutra Balavabodh
  18. Jinupadesh Manjiri
  19. Kalyanmandir Stotra (Commentary)
  20. Jyotirya Kalpalata
  21. Swarodhya-gyan and Yantravali
  22. Vichar-sar Prakranam
  23. Sanskrit Vyakarnam (Sanskrit grammar)
  24. Laghu Sanghgrahani
  25. Amarkosh (Original)
  26. Navpad Puja Prasnothar
  27. Upadhan Vidhi
  28. Sratakatriyam (Bhatruhari)
  29. Chandrika Vyakaranam
  30. Kavyaprakash Mulamam
  31. Varnamala
  32. Upasaka Dashang Sutra
  33. Ek Sou Aath bol
  34. Upadesh Ratna saara
  35. Treloyaka Deepika Yantravali
  36. Karna Granth (four)
  37. Saptati Shatasthan Yantravali
  38. Dwashisth Margana Yantravali
  39. Shada Dravya Vichara
  40. Siddhanta Prakash
  41. Asthanhika Vyakhyana
  42. Sindura Prakara-satika
  43. Bhayhara Stotra

The original copy of these books are stored in libraries of Ahor, Rajasthan; Jaora; Mohankheda, Madhya Pradesh; Tharad and Ahmedabad in Gujarat.

Recognition

[edit]

Shrines dedicated to him were erected at several places in India including Mohankheda, Bhinmal, Dhanera, Jalore, Bangalore, Bijapur, Ahemdabad, Tharad, Bharatpur, Indore, Ratlam, and Santhu, Kachrod,Rajendra Nagar,Devispeta(Nellore District)etc. His death centenary was celebrated in 2006 at Mohankheda.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Main Monks of Tradition" (PDF). www.jainuniversity.org (in Gujarati). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2005. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Shah, Natubhai (2004). Jainism: The World of Conquerors. Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. p. 65. ISBN 9788120819382.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Acharya Rajendrasuri: Biography". www.herenow4u.net. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  4. ^ a b c "Acharya Rajendrasuri". www.herenow4u.net. 23 April 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
[edit]
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