Indeloxazine: Difference between revisions

{{drugbox

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 834M09R1KM

| verifiedrevid = 438962551

| IUPAC_name = 2-(3''H''-inden-4-yloxymethyl)morpholine

| image = Indeloxazine.svg

| InChI = 1/C14H17NO2/c1-3-11-4-2-6-14(13(11)5-1)17-10-12-9-15-7-8-16-12/h1-4,6,12,15H,5,7-10H2

| InChIKey = MADRVGBADLFHMO-UHFFFAOYAX

| CAS_number = 60929-23-9

| ATC_prefix = none

| ATC_suffix =

| PubChem = 3704

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

| KEGG = D08077

| C = 14 | H = 17 | N = 1 | O = 2

| molecular_weight = 231.290 g/mol

| bioavailability =

| metabolism =

| elimination_half-life = 2.2 hours

| excretion =

| pregnancy_category =

| legal_status = Rx-only

| routes_of_administration = Oral

'''Indeloxazine''' ('''Elen''', '''Noin''') is a so-called ''cerebral activator'' used in [[Japan]] for the treatment of [[cerebrovascular disease]].<ref name="urlIndex nominum, international drug ... - Google Books">{{cite book | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&lpg=PA548&dq=indeloxazine&as_brr=3&pg=PA548#v=onepage&q=indeloxazine&f=false | title = Index nominum, international drug ... - Google Books | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> It was launched in 1988.<ref name="urlDictionary of pharmacological agents - Google Books">{{cite book | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=A0THacd46ZsC&lpg=PA1469&ots=IIjkfFuc65&dq=%22SC-27%2C123%22%20octriptyline&pg=PA1128#v=onepage&q=antidepressant&f=false | title = Dictionary of pharmacological agents - Google Books | format = | work = | accessdate = }}</ref> Indeloxazine acts as a [[serotonin releasing agent]] and [[norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor]].<ref name="pmid9833647">{{cite journal | author = Yamaguchi T, Ohyama M, Suzuki M, ''et al.'' | title = Neurochemical and behavioral characterization of potential antidepressant properties of indeloxazine hydrochloride | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 37 | issue = 9 | pages = 1169–76 | year = 1998 | month = September | pmid = 9833647 | doi = 10.1016/S0028-3908(98)00009-4| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0028390898000094}}</ref> It also acts as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]].<ref name="pmid1652446">{{cite journal | author = Kaneko S, Sugimura M, Inoue T, Satoh M | title = Effects of several cerebroprotective drugs on NMDA channel function: evaluation using Xenopus oocytes and [3H]MK-801 binding | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 207 | issue = 2 | pages = 119–28 | year = 1991 | month = June | pmid = 1652446 | doi = 10.1016/0922-4106(91)90086-W| url = }}</ref> It enhances [[acetylcholine]] release through indirect activation of the [[5-HT4 receptor|5-HT₄ receptor]].<ref name="pmid9453456">{{cite journal | author = Yamaguchi T, Suzuki M, Yamamoto M | title = Facilitation of acetylcholine release in rat frontal cortex by indeloxazine hydrochloride: involvement of endogenous serotonin and 5-HT4 receptors | journal = Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology | volume = 356 | issue = 6 | pages = 712–20 | year = 1997 | month = December | pmid = 9453456 | doi = 10.1007/PL00005110| url = http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00210/bibs/7356006/73560712.htm}}</ref><ref name="pmid8078992">{{cite journal | author = Yamamoto M, Takahashi K, Ohyama M, ''et al.'' | title = Possible involvement of central cholinergic system in ameliorating effects of indeloxazine, a cerebral activator, on disturbance of learning behavior in rats | journal = Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 603–13 | year = 1994 | month = May | pmid = 8078992 | doi = 10.1016/0278-5846(94)90016-7| url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid8395664">{{cite journal | author = Yamamoto M, Ooyama M, Ozawa Y, ''et al.'' | title = Effects of indeloxazine hydrochloride, a cerebral activator, on passive avoidance learning impaired by disruption of cholinergic transmission in rats | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 32 | issue = 7 | pages = 695–701 | year = 1993 | month = July | pmid = 8395664 | doi = 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90083-F| url = }}</ref> Indeloxazine has [[nootropic]],<ref name="pmid8078992"/><ref name="pmid8395664"/><ref name="pmid3219685">{{cite journal | author = Ogawa N, Haba K, Sora YH, Higashida A, Sato H, Ogawa S | title = Comparison of the effects of bifemelane hydrochloride and indeloxazine hydrochloride on scopolamine hydrobromide-induced impairment in radial maze performance | journal = Clinical Therapeutics | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = 704–11 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3219685 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid3627384">{{cite journal | author = Yamamoto M, Shimizu M | title = Cerebral activating properties of indeloxazine hydrochloride | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 26 | issue = 7A | pages = 761–70 | year = 1987 | month = July | pmid = 3627384 | doi = 10.1016/0028-3908(87)90239-5| url = }}</ref> [[neuroprotective]],<ref name="pmid3187197">{{cite journal | author = Ogawa N, Haba K, Yoshikawa H, Ono T, Mizukawa K | title = Comparison of the effects of bifemelane hydrochloride, idebenone and indeloxazine hydrochloride on ischemia-induced depletion of brain acetylcholine levels in gerbils | journal = Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology | volume = 61 | issue = 2 | pages = 285–8 | year = 1988 | month = August | pmid = 3187197 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid3446040">{{cite journal | author = Yamamoto M, Shimizu M, Sakamoto N, Ohtomo H, Kogure K | title = Protective effects of indeloxazine hydrochloride on cerebral ischemia in animals | journal = Archives Internationales De Pharmacodynamie et De Thérapie | volume = 290 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–24 | year = 1987 | month = November | pmid = 3446040 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid8297184">{{cite journal | author = Shimizu-Sasamata M, Terai M, Harada M, Yamamoto M | title = Anti-hypoxic and anti-ischemic actions of indeloxazine hydrochloride and its optical isomers: possible involvement of cerebral energy metabolism | journal = Archives Internationales De Pharmacodynamie et De Thérapie | volume = 324 | issue = | pages = 33–46 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8297184 | doi = | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid3592867">{{cite journal | author = Yamamoto M, Shimizu M | title = Effects of indeloxazine hydrochloride (YM-08054) on anoxia | journal = Archives Internationales De Pharmacodynamie et De Thérapie | volume = 286 | issue = 2 | pages = 272–81 | year = 1987 | month = April | pmid = 3592867 | doi = | url = }}</ref> [[anticonvulsant]],<ref name="pmid8327550">{{cite journal | author = Nakamura J, Anraku T, Shirouzu M, Iwashita Y, Nakazawa Y | title = Effects of indeloxazine HCl on kindled amygdaloid seizures in rats: comparison with the effects of phenytoin, diazepam, ethanol, and imipramine | journal = Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | pages = 445–50 | year = 1993 | month = June | pmid = 8327550 | doi = 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90263-S| url = }}</ref> and [[antidepressant]] effects.<ref name="pmid9833647"/><ref name="pmid6841538">{{cite journal | author = Hayes AG, Chang T | title = Determination of indeloxazine, a new antidepressant agent, in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection | journal = Journal of Chromatography | volume = 272 | issue = 1 | pages = 176–80 | year = 1983 | month = January | pmid = 6841538 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)86115-0| url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid4092278">{{cite journal | author = Kojima T, Niigata K, Fujikura T, ''et al.'' | title = Syntheses of (+/-)-2-[(inden-7-yloxy)methyl]morpholine hydrochloride (YM-08054, indeloxazine hydrochloride) and its derivatives with potential cerebral-activating and antidepressive properties | journal = Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin | volume = 33 | issue = 9 | pages = 3766–74 | year = 1985 | month = September | pmid = 4092278 | doi = | url = }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Bifemelane]]

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Nootropics}}

{{Anticonvulsants}}

{{Anxiolytics}}

{{Adrenergics}}

{{Glutamatergics}}

{{Serotonergics}}

[[Category:Indenes]]