Talk:Heavy metal element

Nonsensical text

I'm really trying to give this article the benefit of the doubt and make edits that will improve it. It's very frustrating when I come to text like this introduction to "List of heavy metals based on density" (I omitted the references since they only make the story worse):

• A density of more than 5 g/cm³ is sometimes mentioned as a common heavy metal defining factor and, in the absence of a unanimous definition, is used to populate this list and, unless otherwise stated, guide the remainder of the article. Metalloids meeting the applicable criteria–arsenic and antimony, for example—are sometimes counted as heavy metals, particularly in environmental chemistry, as is the case here. Selenium (density 4.8 g/cm³) is also included in the list, though it falls marginally short of the density criterion and is less commonly recognised as a metalloid but has a waterborne chemistry similar in some respects to that of arsenic and antimony.

So this is not a list of heavy metals based on density, but density and some other criteria unrelated to "heavy" or "metal"! Johnjbarton (talk) 02:57, 26 August 2024 (UTC)

It is a very problematic article. There were far too many errors, and there may still be too many in the sources that we have not checked. In many cases obscure textbooks/sources are used which I cannot always find.

My thinking is to start by repairing/checking the specifics so we are at least somewhat confident that the text is backed up by the sources. I counted, and so far there are also 30 errors/misrepresentations found in my edits plus those of Johnjbarton and @Double sharp. Remove material which is not verified, Wikipedia:Be bold. If there is too much then it will be a case for Wikipedia:TNT, add a short section to Metal and convert this to a redirect. Ldm1954 (talk) 12:13, 26 August 2024 (UTC)

We have an article on Toxic heavy metals. I plan to focus this article on non-toxic heavy metal content. That will still leave a mess because the subject is inherently messy. Multiple references show that there is no agreed definition for the topic. More important, as far as I can tell, none of the definitions other than the the chemical one have any value. Thus I plan to document the mess and move on. Johnjbarton (talk) 22:44, 26 August 2024 (UTC)

I have moved content related to Selenium to Toxic heavy metal. Johnjbarton (talk) 22:46, 26 August 2024 (UTC)

OK. I just spent another hour on this, finding more cases where the sources do not verify what is in the text and/or selected words have been extracted ignoring the general content. There is too much careless work here for a FAR, let alone a GA. I think we need to launch a GAR. Agreed? Ldm1954 (talk) 22:49, 26 August 2024 (UTC)

I'm not really up on all that stuff, but the article is not a gem to be sure. Johnjbarton (talk) 23:12, 26 August 2024 (UTC)

GAR needed?

I am opening this topic rather than jumping straight to a GAR nomination; I strongly suspect one is needed.

Over the last few weeks @Johnjbarton and I have been checking the sources in this article. I cannot say what they were like when this article went up for a FAR, only this version. Currently far, far too many of the sources fail to verify, and there are obvious errors; please see the edit history and inline tagging. These range from probably simple typos (promethium in batteries when not enough exists for more than a few) to the use of a source to validate a statement it does not make (quoting a source as "in biology" when it only discusses aqueous systems) or selective truncation of a quote (misrepresenting the TMS light metals division). While some of these may be just carelessness, there are too many and IMO we cannot accept a GA (let alone a FA) with so many. I have not been able to check everything since many of the sources are in obscure books that are not readily available on the web. Some of the material herein appears to be deliberate SYNTH and/or OR as the sources do not support what is in the text. For instance, several of the (highly reputable) sources used call "heavy metals" a horrible term that should never be used; that they discourage it's use was omitted. (I added it to the current version).

My question, for discussion, is whether to go to a GAR. An independent editor (or editors) (not just the FA nominator) who has access to some of the obscure sources would need to cross-check them, as we standardly do for a new GA nomination.

Pinging some of the prior editors who have made significant comments, with apologies for those I have missed: @Double sharp, Sandbh, Dustfreeworld, Graeme Bartlett, R8R, Johnbod, Edwininlondon, YBG, Smokefoot, and SchroCat: Ldm1954 (talk) 05:49, 27 August 2024 (UTC)

Comment: This post shows a marked unfamiliarity with the subject matter. The term “heavy metal/s” has never been defined by any authoritative body such as IUPAC. In this context, whoever edited the Definition section to add:

"The IUPAC, which standardizes nomenclature, says the term heavy metals is both meaningless and misleading"...

...after "There is no widely agreed criterion-based definition of a heavy metal."

was editing way out of their depth, and pointlessly.

Re several sources calling "heavy metals" a "horrible" term and thereby not supporting what's in the text, that's a question of WP:DUE. The article has always had a Criticism section, noting Duffus' 2002 review of the the definitions of "heavy metal" used over the previous 60 years and concluding they were so diverse as to effectively render the term meaningless. Equally, the Popularity section states:

"Despite its questionable meaning, the term heavy metal appears regularly in scientific literature. A 2010 study found that it had been increasingly used and seemed to have become part of the language of science.[55] It is said to be an acceptable term, given its convenience and familiarity, as long as it is accompanied by a strict definition.[24]"

The bottom line is that term has become so entrenched in the literature, and the popular consciousness, that sources which refer to it as "horrible" and that it shouldn't be used are effectively pissing in the wind, so to speak. By way of example, Google's Ngram shows the term "heavy metals" as being more popular than the terms, "Albert Einstein", "Sherlock Holmes", and "Frankenstein". As another example of the subject extent of unfamilarity with the literature, American Chemical Society journals record 27,593 hits for "heavy metals" v "15,934 for "alkali metals", with the latter being an IUPAC approved term. So much for the relevance of IUPAC.

Pinging the prior FAC 2 editors who were not pinged @Nergaal, Vanamonde93, and Jimfbleak: --- Sandbh (talk) 13:00, 27 August 2024 (UTC)

I am sorry @Sandbh, but you are misquoting sources. For instance, you quote above [55] (‘Heavy metal’—time to move on from semantics to pragmatics? DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039%2FC0EM00056F) to imply that the term is commonly used when the abstract of that article is:

''Despite the repeated calls to stop, most notably in a technical publication of the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the use of the term ‘heavy metal’ appears not to have declined in the scientific literature and there is little evidence that the IUPAC instructions and those of other publications have had any measurable impact on this widespread usage. Indeed, the use of the term is increasing rather than declining. Four options are presented to solve this dilemma.''

A NPOV statement has to include the fact that the article discourages use of the term, rather than only extracting part of the contents. As said above, similar to a new GA sources need to be independently checked, too many have already failed verification.

N.B., please remember the 4th pillar of Wikipedia. Ldm1954 (talk) 13:15, 27 August 2024 (UTC)

Also, pro-forma, please note https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274050793“ HEAVY METALS”—A MEANINGLESS TERM? (IUPAC Technical Report). The abstract includes the sentence Thus, the term “heavy metals” is both meaningless and misleading. This is not a "cherry-picked" quote, it is directly the theme of that article (which also has some other very critical comments). Please check your sources. Ldm1954 (talk) 13:32, 27 August 2024 (UTC)

@Sandbh Please refrain from uncivil comments like:

• "...editing way out of their depth, and pointlessly."

Wikipedia is based on verifiable references, not expertise. In this case the content was clearly sourced to a review.

I think the sentence you point needs better context as I have already added in Toxic heavy metal. Johnjbarton (talk) 15:08, 27 August 2024 (UTC)

Basis for reorganization.

Numerous secondary references note issue with the definition of "heavy metals" and recommend clearly defining the particular meaning selected in a publication. We need to apply that recommendation to this article. As noted in the article and refs there are 4 main definition based in toxicity, density, atomic number, and chemistry. Therefore I propose that the article be organized into four sections based on these different definitions.

• Toxic metals. A summary section for main article Toxic heavy metal,
• Dense metals. The main focus of this article according to the lead.
• High Z metals. Primarily a summary of Transuranium element
• Transition and post transition metals. Based on chemical behaviors (Hawke/United States Pharmacopeia)

Unfortunately much of the current content has the logic of: define a list of elements, discuss the listed elements. So the bulk of the content is unrelated to the defining character used to create the list and thus unrelated to the article topic. Characteristics like "density" arise in a collection of elements for reasons related to atomic interactions. That is what makes the category "heavy metals" meaningful: given that we know an element is a heavy metal we can predict that has these kinds of interactions. But that's it. Absent specific references connecting density to say chemistry or mining, listing chemical properties or extraction for these elements is not relevant. On the other hand, I expect chemical behavior would have some role in for example extraction and we should find references to explain that connection. Johnjbarton (talk) 18:54, 27 August 2024 (UTC)

GA Reassessment

Heavy metal (elements)

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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Article (edit | visual edit | history) · Article talk (edit | history) · Watch • Watch article reassessment page • GAN review not found

Result: Procedural close. @Ldm1954: this article needs a featured article review, not a good article reassessment. See WP:FAR for instructions. Queen of Hearts (talk) 22:26, 6 September 2024 (UTC)

During checking the sources a month ago, I found 14 that failed verification. This ranged from truncated quotes to inappropriate use of sources to support points that they don't make. At about the same time Johnjbarton (talk · contribs) also found a significant number of errors and irrelevant information; everything can be found in the edit history or in main page tags. As such it fails GA 2b, 3b, 4 and perhaps others. I posted on the talk page that I was considering a GAR, and the original FA nominator responded with comments that violate the fourth pillar of Wikipedia. Until these major issues are resolved not only does it not merit FA status, it does not merit GA. Ldm1954 (talk) 21:15, 6 September 2024 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Courtesy Ping of GAR for prior editors@Double sharp, Sandbh, Dustfreeworld, Graeme Bartlett, R8R, Johnbod, Edwininlondon, YBG, Smokefoot, SchroCat, Nergaal, Vanamonde93, and Jimfbleak:

Requested move 19 November 2024

Heavy metal element → Heavy metal (chemistry) – This article has been moved many places over the years with various attempts at disambiguation with other topics listed at heavy metal. While the current WP:NATURAL disambiguation has merit, it is not consistent with similarly titled articles like light metal, trace metal, toxic heavy metal, transition metal, precious metal, base metal, noble metal, native metal, etc. So I think we need to bite the bullet and use parenthetical disambiguation, and the least ambiguous qualifier is simply "chemistry". Mdewman6 (talk) 09:26, 19 November 2024 (UTC) — Relisting. Raladic (talk) 19:17, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

• Oppose for multiple reasons:

1. The page is in a state of flux with more work needed to remove unverified claims plus (slow) discussions to reorganize. Hence a move now would be premature.
2. I do not agree that "chemistry" is appropriate since there are aspects of toxicology, metallurgy etc. Instead "element" is the defining distiction. (Element could be put into brackets.)

More a comment: all the others you mention except light metal are only for elements. Both light metal and metal are not just elements and also not just chemistry. Ldm1954 (talk) 10:22, 19 November 2024 (UTC)

Addendum: I just noticed that @HertzDonuts moved the page from Heavy metal (elements) to Heavy metal element on Oct 27th without discussion. I suggest moving it back to what it was. Ldm1954 (talk) 11:32, 19 November 2024 (UTC)

• Support like Mercury (element), I don't think I've heard the term "Heavy metal element" so seems to be obscure per WP:NATURAL. Would Heavy metal (element) do instead? which matches mercury. Crouch, Swale (talk) 18:32, 19 November 2024 (UTC)

  I will support Heavy metal (element), with the additional comment that then Silicon (element) and Phosphorus (element) should be the disambiguation so everything is consistent. I searched most of the "element" pages, and did not see any more but there might be. Ldm1954 (talk) 19:28, 19 November 2024 (UTC)

• Propose Heavy metal (elements) — term refers to a class of elements, rather than a single element. Preimage (talk) 09:51, 20 November 2024 (UTC)

  Actually, Heavy metals might be a better name, see WP:Article titles#When a spelling variant indicates a distinct topic and WP:DIFFPLURAL. Looks like @HertzDonuts moved the page from Heavy metals to Heavy metal (elements) on Aug 6th. Edit summary was "singular title", which as detailed by those WP help links, doesn't necessarily apply here. Preimage (talk) 10:03, 20 November 2024 (UTC)

  I am OK with Heavy metal(s) (element(s)), all 4 options with and without the "s". I strongly oppose just Heavy metal(s). This page only discusss the elements, and most metals contain multiple elements. There are pages such as Metal, Refractory metal, Type metal, White metal in all of which there is no "element" in the name as they are more general and include alloys. Ldm1954 (talk) 10:19, 20 November 2024 (UTC)

• Agree with above proposals that Heavy metal (element) is a good title. The title of this page is an issue I've deliberated about for a while, that's why I made the moves. Using (element) as the distinguisher, then hypothetically there could be other future articles such as Heavy metal (toxicology) and Heavy metal (metallurgy). Singular title would also be consistent with other articles such as Alkali metal, Poor metal, etc. Still unsure if it should be (element) or (elements) but I lean towards (element) since it's better to lean towards singular forms in titles; I understand it is a group of elements, but saying "heavy metal element" in singular form is still valid. HertzDonuts (talk) 14:43, 23 November 2024 (UTC)

  Changed my mind to Heavy metals, because of WP:DIFFPLURAL and previous discussions linked below. HertzDonuts (talk) 22:36, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

To editors Mdewman6, Crouch, Swale, Preimage and HertzDonuts: it looks like there is enough concensus to support a move (in fact a revert) to Heavy metal (element). The only question remaining for me is whether we just WP:BEBOLD & change any other pages to be consistent or does that need an RfC? Ldm1954 (talk) 09:26, 25 November 2024 (UTC)

Well at least its consistent with mercury, I'm not sure about a RFC as I don't know about other pages but I think the main point of this RM is that there is consensus not to use the current natural disambiguation and that the qualifier "element" in the singular is the best choice. Crouch, Swale (talk) 09:31, 25 November 2024 (UTC)

We've been following the potentially controversial moves process, which provides a week for discussion (given sufficient participation; the proposed move's been signposted at WP:Requested moves/Current discussions and WP:WikiProject Elements#Article alerts). Provided they agree re: consensus, I expect an administrator (or other non-involved editor) to close the discussion in 1 day's time. Any resulting page move will leave a redirect from the current title Heavy metal element. So I imagine we'd only need to directly change a handful of other pages, e.g. the DAB page Heavy metal. In any case, move cleanup shouldn't require going through another comment process; we can discuss further here if needed. Preimage (talk) 11:11, 25 November 2024 (UTC)

Looking back to past moves here, it looks like the issue with Heavy metal (element) was that it made it sound like the article was about a specific element (like, mercury (element)) and we should not have the name carry that connotation. I somewhat agree there. I think Heavy metals would be acceptable per WP:PLURAL but would not be consistent with similar articles. So I think we should find the right disambiguator, either "element" or "chemistry" or something else. If there are other pages that appear to then require moving, there should be a subsequent RM to ensure consensus. I'm not sure what other pages would be affected by our choice here, though? Mdewman6 (talk) 01:07, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

If there isn't support for "chemistry" I would support a move back to "(elements)". Mdewman6 (talk) 01:11, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

Support original proposal: including the word "chemistry" is clearer and more helpful than the other suggestions.---Ehrenkater (talk) 09:30, 25 November 2024 (UTC)

One additional comment about "(chemistry)". Consider 14 carat gold. It is heavy, a metal, a chemical but not an element so it does not belong here with "(element)". Ldm1954 (talk) 13:41, 25 November 2024 (UTC)

That would be a mixture, not a chemical substance. HertzDonuts (talk) 22:33, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

Sorry, it is not a mixture, there is definite bonding between the Au and alloying elements. Ldm1954 (talk) 22:54, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

Minor addition; the bonding is not just entropy of mixing or VdW. A Bader charge analysis will show minor charge transfer. Ldm1954 (talk) 23:01, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

Note: WikiProject Chemistry and WikiProject Elements have been notified of this discussion. Raladic (talk) 19:17, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

• Do not keep at this title. At best, this is a malformed disambiguation; this construct reads awkwardly and is never used in scientific texts. I would support a move to either Heavy metal (element) or Heavy metals but do not have a strong preference so long as the new title is MOS-compliant. ^Complex/_Rational 20:00, 26 November 2024 (UTC)
• rename back to heavy metals which was the result of a previous discussion. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 20:11, 26 November 2024 (UTC)
• Move to Heavy metals in agreement with the previous discussion. The plural is natural and covered by WP:DIFFPLURAL, i.e. the singular is ambiguous, but the plural is primary for the set of metallic elements considered "heavy". In terms of consistency, I think a parenthetical disambiguation and the plural are both inconsistent, but the plural has the edge on natural-ness and length. ― Synpath 21:09, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

  I didn't know about the previous discussion, and agree that this falls under WP:DIFFPLURAL; I now support Move to Heavy metals. HertzDonuts (talk) 22:37, 26 November 2024 (UTC)

Move to Heavy metals. WP:DIFFPLURAL seems to solve the problem nicely. </MarkiPoli> <talk /><cont /> 10:51, 27 November 2024 (UTC)

Cleaning: delete sections

To editors Johnjbarton and Smokefoot: and any others. I suggest deleting the Heavy metal element#Properties compared with light metals because:

1. Light metals are not just the elements, so the usage here is wrong.
2. Much of this is elsewhere in the article (better).
3. The physical properties part is misleading as it is always alloys in use, never single elements alone.
4. There are too many exceptions. Is Pb high melting? Is Au hard? Obviously not.

One step at a time -- Ldm1954 (talk) 10:52, 19 November 2024 (UTC)

As far as I can tell this section is synthesis: does any source provide a similar comparison of these categories? Johnjbarton (talk) 16:15, 19 November 2024 (UTC)

Delete #Strength- or durability-based

This section has nothing to do with heavy metal elements. Everything in this section is for various alloys, so this is a conflation that I think puffs up the article -- WP:SYNTH. In addition, grouping together the various alloys as this section does is awful metallurgy. W & Mo are brittle refractory alloys; lead is soft; copper is a good conductor and low corrosion...etc. N.B., adding Gd to reduce corrosion is spurious, it is way too expensive. Mo is the magic due to what it does with Cr, a still debated topic. Ldm1954 (talk) 14:04, 25 November 2024 (UTC)