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Tarsius

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Tarsius[1]
Temporal range: 48.6–0 Ma Eocene to recent
Gursky's spectral tarsier
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Family: Tarsiidae
Genus: Tarsius
Storr, 1780
Type species
Lemur tarsier
Erxleben, 1777
Species
Distribution and range of Tarsius supriatnai and other tarsier species in Sulawesi, Indonesia:
  Tarsius dentatus
  Tarsius wallacei
  Tarsius lariang
  Tarsius fuscus
  Tarsius pumilus
  Tarsius pelengensis
  Tarsius spectrumgurskyae
  Tarsius supriatnai
  Tarsius niemitzi

Tarsius is a genus of tarsiers, small primates native to islands of Southeast Asia. Until 2010, all tarsier species were typically assigned to this genus, but a revision of the family Tarsiidae restored the generic status of Cephalopachus and created a new genus Carlito.[1]

All members of Tarsius are found on Sulawesi, while Cephalopachus is found on Sundaland and Carlito in Greater Mindanao.

Species

Genus Tarsius – Storr, 1780 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Dian's tarsier


T. dentatus
Miller & Hollister, 1921 		Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–28 cm (5–11 in) tail[2][3]

Habitat: Forest[4]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[2] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[4]

Gursky's spectral tarsier

Brown tarsier

T. spectrumgurskyae
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017 		Northeastern Sulawesi (in purple)
Map of range 		Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest[6]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[6] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[6]

Jatna's tarsier


T. supriatnai
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017 		Northern Sulawesi (in gray)
Map of range 		Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest[7]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[7] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[7]

Lariang tarsier


T. lariang
Groves & Merker, 2006 		Central Sulawesi
Map of range 		Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest[9]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[9] 		 DD 


Unknown Population declining[9]

Makassar tarsier

Gray tarsier

T. fuscus
Fischer von Waldheim, 1804 		Southern Sulawesi (in yellow)
Map of range 		Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest and caves[11]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[10] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[11]

Niemitz's tarsier


T. niemitzi
Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto, Mittermeier, Salim & Springer, 2019 		Northern Sulawesi (circled in black)
Map of range 		Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[12]

Habitat: Forest[13]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[13] 		 EN 


10,000–20,000 Population declining[13]

Peleng tarsier


T. pelengensis
Sody, 1949 		Eastern Sulawesi
Map of range 		Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 25–27 cm (10–11 in) tail[14]

Habitat: Forest[15]

Diet: Insects, as well as frogs, lizards, and other small vertebrates[15] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[15]

Pygmy tarsier


T. pumilus
Miller, Hollister, 1921 		Central Sulawesi
Map of range 		Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 20–21 cm (8 in) tail[16][17]

Habitat: Forest[18]

Diet: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates[16] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Sangihe tarsier

Drawing of brown tarsier

T. sangirensis
Meyer, 1897 		Sangir Island, southeastern Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[20]

Diet: Insects, as well as birds, lizards, and other small vertebrates[19] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Siau Island tarsier

Brown tarsier

T. tumpara
Shekelle, Groves, Merker & Supriatna, 2008 		Siau Island, north of Sulawesi Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 20 cm (8 in) tail[21]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates[22] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Spectral tarsier


T. tarsier
(Erxleben, 1777) 		Sulawesi
Map of range 		Size: 9–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest[24]

Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, bats, and other small vertebrates[23] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[24]

Wallace's tarsier


T. wallacei
Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle, 2010 		Northern Sulawesi (in orange)
Map of range 		Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 23–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[26]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates[25] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[26]

As of 2018, Fossilworks also recognizes the following additional extinct species:[27]

References

  1. ^ a b Groves, C.; Shekelle, M. (2010). "The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae". International Journal of Primatology. 31 (6): 1071–1082. doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1. S2CID 21220811.
  2. ^ a b Yang, Liubin (2007). "Tarsius dentatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  3. ^ Supriatna, p. 49
  4. ^ a b Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius dentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21489A17977790. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21489A17977790.en.
  5. ^ a b Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation. 31: 61–69.
  6. ^ a b c Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius spectrumgurskyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336422A162336580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336422A162336580.en.
  7. ^ a b c Shekelle, M. (2022) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Tarsius supriatnai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336881A220971513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336881A220971513.en.
  8. ^ Supriatna, p. 45
  9. ^ a b c Shekelle, M; Salim, M.; Merker, S. (2020). "Tarsius lariang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136319A17978130. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136319A17978130.en.
  10. ^ a b Supriatna, pp. 40–41
  11. ^ a b Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369593A162369616. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369593A162369616.en.
  12. ^ Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I/; Mittermeier, R. A.; Salim, A/; Springer, M/ S. (2019). "A new tarsier species from the Togean Islands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, with references to Wallacea and conservation on Sulawesi". Primate Conservation. 33: 1–9. S2CID 204801433.
  13. ^ a b c Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius niemitzi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162337005A171341769. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162337005A171341769.en.
  14. ^ Supriatna, p. 53
  15. ^ a b c Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius pelengensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21494A17977515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21494A17977515.en.
  16. ^ a b Ford, Trevor (2011). "Tarsius pumilus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  17. ^ Supriatna, pp. 42–43
  18. ^ a b Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius pumilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21490A17977980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21490A17977980.en.
  19. ^ a b Minich, Miriam (2017). "Tarsius sangirensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  20. ^ a b Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius sangirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21493A17977351. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21493A17977351.en.
  21. ^ Downey, Kathleen (March 2019). "Siau Island Tarsier, Tarsius tumpara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  22. ^ a b c Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en.
  23. ^ a b Mogk, Kenzie (2012). "Tarsius tarsier". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  24. ^ a b Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius tarsier". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369551A17978304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369551A17978304.en.
  25. ^ a b Supriatna, pp. 47–48
  26. ^ a b Merker, S.; Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius wallacei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T195277A17977659. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T195277A17977659.en.
  27. ^ "Tarsius Storr 1780 (tarsier)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  28. ^ Beard, K. Christopher; Qi, Tao; Dawson, Mary R.; Wang, Banyue; Li, Chuankuei (1994). "A diverse new primate fauna from middle Eocene fissure-fillings in southeastern China". Nature. 368 (6472): 607. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..604B. doi:10.1038/368604a0. PMID 8145845. S2CID 2471330.
  29. ^ Chaimanee, Y.; Lebrun, R.; Yamee, C.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2010). "A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric-morphometric method". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1714): 1956–1963. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2062. PMC 3107645. PMID 21123264.

Sources

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