Great Replacement conspiracy theory
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The great replacement (Template:Lang-fr) is a far-right[1] conspiracy theory[2][3][4], according to which the white Catholic French population is being systematically replaced with North and Sub-Saharan African populations through mass migration and demographic growth. It associates the presence of Muslims in France with potential danger and destruction of French culture and civilization.[5]
The theory has been popularized by Renaud Camus.
Origins
The theory of the great replacement can be traced back to the 1973 novel Le Camp des Saints by Jean Raspail which depicts the collapse of Western culture owing to an overwhelming "tidal wave" of Third World immigration. The novel, along with the theory of Eurabia developed by the Swiss-Israeli writer Bat Ye'or in 2005, set the ground then for Renaud Camus to develop and present his book entitled the The Great Replacement in 2012.[6]
Advocates and alleged advocates
Advocates and alleged advocates of the conspiracy theory include:
- Renaud Camus, a French writer, coined the phrase the Great Replacement in 2010, publishing his book of the same name in 2011. Credited as the "progenitor of the Great Replacement doctrine" by the SPLC,[7] he has stated that "the great replacement is very simple. You have one people, and in the space of a generation you have a different people".[8] Camus has argued that European culture, civilization and identity are in danger of being overrun by mass migration, especially Islamic, and hence physically replaced.[9]
- Robert Ménard, a French politician, former journalist and current mayor of the town of Béziers, has promoted the conspiracy theory.[10] Speaking of the demographics of school children in France, La Croix covered his statement that in one classroom at a school near his home 91% of pupils were "Muslim children", claiming that "obviously it's a problem".[11] Ménard declared that it was "proof of the Great Replacement in progress" in France.[12]
- Viktor Orbán, a Hungarian politician and current prime minister of Hungary, has promoted the Great Replacement conspiracy theory.[4] Le Journal du Dimanche reported on Orbán's explicit adoption of the conspiracy theory, after he claimed; "if we let tens of millions of migrants travel to Europe from Africa and the Middle East ... the young people of Western Europe will know the day when they will be in a minority in their own country".[13]
- Luc Ravel, a French Roman Catholic bishop and former Diocese of the French Armed Forces, has promoted the conspiracy theory.[14][15][10] He has labelled the birth rate of the Muslim population as "the Great Replacement". He claimed that French Muslims and Islamic immigrants believed that "'one day all this, it will be ours'" regarding France as a nation-state.[16][17] Ravel also has criticized the so-called promotion of abortion in relation to the conspiracy theory, stating he was pro-life "not just on a question of faith but because I love France", alluding to his desire for higher white French Catholic births.[18][19]
- Laurent Wauquiez, a French politican and current President of The Republicans, has promoted the conspiracy theory.[20] Speaking specifically on the "Great Replacement", L'Obs reported on Wauquiez's assertion that both Saint-Étienne and Firminy should both be considered as "lost areas of the Republic" of France from an ethnic or cultural standpoint.[21]
See also
References
- ^ "Brittany Pettibone and Lauren Southern are not "conservative" activists or "journalists"". Hope Not Hate. 14 March 2018.
- ^ "Far right fury as mixed race teenager Mathilde Edey Gamassou is picked to play Joan of Arc". The Times. February 23, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "A campaign to deconstruct conspiracy discourse on the Internet". La Croix. 26 January 2018.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Hungary: a nation against globalization". AgoraVox. 7 April 2018.
- ^ "Marine Le Pen adviser found guilty of inciting hatred against Muslims". The Independent. 25 April 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Ait Abdeslam, Abderrahim (28 August 2018). "The vilification of Muslim diaspora in French fictional novels: 'Soumission' (2015) and 'Petit Frère' (2008) as case studies". Journal of Multicultural Discourses: 1–11. doi:10.1080/17447143.2018.1511717.
- ^ "Hate in Europe: June 2018". Hatewatch. Southern Poverty Law Center.
- ^ "The French Origins of "You Will Not Replace Us"". The New Yorker. December 4, 2017.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ ""You will not replace us": a French philosopher explains the Charlottesville chant". Vox Media. August 15, 2017.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "France: Politician fined $6,150 for mentioning "migrant invasion"". Jihad Watch. 7 April 2017.
- ^ "Robert Ménard condemned after his remarks on the "great replacement" in schools". La Croix. 25 April 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Robert Ménard condemned after comments about "Muslim" students in his city and the "big replacement"". Libération. 25 April 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Wauquiez is not "embarrassed" by Viktor Orban's speech on immigration". Le Journal du Dimanche. 12 July 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Europe Is Committing Demographic Suicide". Zero Hedge. 22 August 2017.
- ^ "Controversial French archbishop warns of 'great replacement' by Muslims". Christian Today. 13 July 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Archbishop of Strasbourg: 'Muslims say France will be theirs'". Arutz Sheva. 12 July 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "'The Trip To Spain' Ends With A Frightening Scene About The West's Decline". The Federalist (website). 1 September 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "French archbishop warns of 'the great replacement' while speaking out about Muslim birth rate". International Business Times. 12 July 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "The Archbishop of Strasbourg evokes "the Great Replacement"". Valeurs actuelles. 3 July 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "The French Right Goes Wrong". The American Prospect. 22 December 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Wauquiez sees the "great replacement" in Saint-Etienne: controversy in 3 acts". L'Obs. 31 October 2017.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help)
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