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{{short description|Hybrid cross between a male tiger and a lioness}}
{{short description|Tiger and lioness hybrid}}
{{otheruses}}
{{otheruses}}
{{hybridbox
{{hybridbox
| name = Tigon
| name = Tigon
| image = Tigon4.jpg
| image = Tigon4.jpg
| image_caption = Tigon at [[Zoo|National Zoo & Fish Aquarium]] in [[Canberra]], [[Australia]]
| image_caption = Tigon at [[Zoo|National Zoo & Aquarium]] in [[Canberra]], [[Australia]]
| genus = Panthera
| genus = Panthera
| father = tigris
| father = tigris
Line 12: Line 12:
}}
}}


A '''tigon''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|ɡ|ən}}), '''tiglon''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|ɡ|l|ən}}) ([[portmanteau]] of ''tiger'' and ''lion''), '''tion''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|ən}}), or '''female tigoness''' is the [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid offspring]] of a male [[tiger]] (''Panthera tigris'') and a female [[lion|lioness]] (''Panthera leo''),<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v6n3/lee.html Techné v6n3 – Patenting and Transgenic Organisms: A Philosophical Exploration]. Scholar.lib.vt.edu. Retrieved on 2013-09-17.</ref> they exhibit visible characteristics from both parents: they can have both spots from the mother (lionesses carry genes for spots - lion cubs are spotted and some adults retain faint markings) and stripes from the father. Any [[Lion#Mane|mane]] that a male tigon may have will appear shorter and less noticeable than a lion's mane and is closer in type to the ruff of a male tiger. It is a common misconception that male tigons or female tigonesses are smaller than lions or tigers. They do not exceed the size of their parent species because they inherit growth-inhibitory [[Gene|genes]] from both parents, but they do not exhibit any kind of dwarfism or miniaturization; they often weigh around {{convert|180|kg|lb}}, compared to ligers/ligresses which often weigh from {{convert|320|kg|lb}} to {{convert|550|kg|lb}} {{fact|date=December 2013}}
The '''tigon''' is a [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid offspring]] of a male [[tiger]] (''Panthera tigris'') and a female [[lion]], or lioness (''Panthera leo'').<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v6n3/lee.html Techné v6n3 – Patenting and Transgenic Organisms: A Philosophical Exploration]. Scholar.lib.vt.edu. Retrieved on 17 September 2013.</ref> They exhibit [[Phenotype|visible characteristics]] from both parents: they can have both spots from the mother (lions carry genes for spots – lion cubs are spotted and some adults retain faint markings) and stripes from the father. Any [[Lion#Mane|mane]] that a male tigon may have will appear shorter and less noticeable than a lion's mane and is closer in type to the ruff of a male tiger.
Tigons do not exceed the size of their parent species because they inherit [[Growth inhibition|growth-inhibitory]] [[Gene|genes]] from both parents, but they do not exhibit any kind of [[dwarfism]] or miniaturization; they often weigh around {{cvt|180|kg}}. It is distinct from the [[liger]], which is a hybrid of a male lion and a female tiger, often weighing from {{cvt|320|kg}} to {{cvt|550|kg}}. {{fact|date=December 2013}}


==Fertility==
==Fertility==
Guggisberg wrote that male [[Liger|ligers]] and tigons were long thought to be [[Infertility|sterile]]; in 1943, however, a 15-year-old hybrid between a lion and an "Island" tiger was successfully mated with a lion at the Munich [[Tierpark Hellabrunn|Hellabrunn Zoo]]. The female cub, although of delicate health, was raised to adulthood.<ref name="Guggisberg1975">{{Cite book |last=Guggisberg |first=Charles Albert Walter |title=Wild Cats of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld00gugg |url-access=registration |year=1975 |publisher=Taplinger Publishing |location=New York |isbn=0795001282}}</ref>
Ligers and tigons were long thought to be [[Infertility|sterile]]; in 1943, however, a 15-year-old hybrid between a lion and a tiger was successfully mated at the Munich [[Tierpark Hellabrunn|Hellabrunn Zoo]]. The female cub was then raised to adulthood.<ref name="Guggisberg1975">{{Cite book |last=Guggisberg |first=Charles Albert Walter |title=Wild Cats of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld00gugg |url-access=registration |year=1975 |publisher=Taplinger Publishing |location=New York |isbn=0795001282}}</ref> Like the liger, male tigons are sterile while the females are fertile.


At the [[Alipore Zoo]] in [[India]], a tigoness named Rudhrani, born in 1971, was successfully mated to a male [[Asiatic lion]] named Debabrata. The rare, second generation hybrid was called a [[litigon]]. Rudhrani produced seven litigons/litigonesses in her lifetime. Some of these reached impressive sizes - a male litigon named Cubanacan weighed at least {{convert|363|kg|lb}}, stood {{convert|1.32|m|ft}} at the shoulder, and was {{convert|3.5|m|ft}} in total length.<ref>[http://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2017.46 The litigon rediscovered]. www.natureasia.com. Retrieved on 2017-07-22.</ref>
At the [[Alipore Zoo]] in [[India]], a tigoness named Rudhrani, born in 1971, was successfully mated to a male [[Asiatic lion]] named Debabrata. The rare, second-generation hybrid was called a litigon. Rudhrani produced seven litigons in her lifetime. Some of these reached impressive sizes - a litigon named Cubanacan weighed at least {{cvt|363|kg}}, stood {{cvt|1.32|m}} at the shoulder, and was {{cvt|3.5|m}} in total length.<ref>[http://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2017.46 The litigon rediscovered]. www.natureasia.com. Retrieved on 22 July 2017.</ref>


Reports also exist of the similar titigon or titigoness {{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|aɪ|ˈ|t|aɪ|ɡ|ən}}, resulting from the cross between a female tigoness and a male tiger. Titigons and titigonesses resemble [[Golden tiger|golden tigers]], but with less contrast in their markings. A tigoness born in 1978, named Noelle, shared an enclosure in the Shambala Preserve with a male [[Siberian tiger]] called Anton, due to the keepers' belief that she was sterile. In 1983 Noelle produced a male titigon named Nathaniel. As Nathaniel was three-quarters tiger, he had darker stripes than Noelle and vocalized more like a tiger, rather than with the mix of sounds used by his mother. Being only about quarter-lion, Nathaniel did not grow a mane. Nathaniel died of [[cancer]] at the age of eight or nine years old. Noelle also developed a severe cancer, that killed her not long after she was diagnosed.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}
Reports also exist of the similar titigon, resulting from the cross between a female tigon and a male tiger. Titigons resemble [[Golden tiger|golden tigers]], but with less contrast in their markings. A tigoness born in 1978, named Noelle, shared an enclosure in the Shambala Preserve with a male [[Siberian tiger]] called Anton, due to the keepers' belief that she was sterile. In 1983 Noelle produced a titigon named Nathaniel. As Nathaniel was three-quarters tiger, he had darker stripes than Noelle and vocalized more like a tiger, rather than with the mix of sounds used by his mother. Being only about quarter-lion, Nathaniel did not grow a mane. Nathaniel died of [[cancer]] at the age of nine years old. Noelle also developed a severe cancer that killed her not long after she was diagnosed.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}


==Coexistence of parental species==
==Coexistence of parental species==

{{Further information|Coexistence of the lion and tiger in the wilderness}}
[[File:Maude the Tigon at Manchester Museum (01).jpg|thumb|Maude, a tigon displayed at [[Manchester Museum]], England.]]
⚫
As with the [[liger|liger and ligress]], the tigon and tigoness is found only in captivity,<ref name="Guggisberg1975"/> because the [[habitat]]s of the lion and tiger do not overlap. In the past, however, the Asiatic lion did coexist with the [[Bengal tiger]] in the [[wilderness]] of India, besides occurring in countries where the [[Caspian tiger]] had been, such as [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]].<ref name=Pocock1939>Pocock, R. I. (1939). [https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n261/mode/2up ''The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1'']. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London. Pp. 199–222.</ref><ref name=Geptner1972>{{cite book |author1=Heptner, V. G. |author2=Sludskij, A. A. |orig-year=1972 |year=1992 |title=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola |trans-title=Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |location=Washington DC |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/83/mode/2up |pages=1–732}}</ref> In India, there is a [[Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project|plan]] to shift some lions from their current home of the [[Gir Forest]] to [[Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has some tigers,<ref name="Johnsingh2004">{{cite book |last=Johnsingh |first=A.J.T. |year=2006 |title= Field Days: A Naturalist's Journey Through South and Southeast Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EU3inCiGFYYC&pg=PA126 |chapter=Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary ready to play second home to Asiatic lions? |publisher=Universities Press |location=Hyderabad |isbn=8173715521 |pages= 126–138}}</ref> but it has not been implemented as of December 2017, probably due to political reasons, as Gujarat state government does not want any other state to have lions or lionesses in the forests.<ref name="TOI 2017">{{cite news |work=Times of India |title=Tired of Gujarat reluctance on Gir lions, MP to release tigers in Kuno |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/tired-of-gujarat-reluctance-on-gir-lions-mp-to-release-tigers-in-kuno/articleshow/61937836.cms |date=2017-12-05 |access-date=2018-01-27}}</ref><ref name="HT 2017">{{cite news |work=Hindustan Times |title=Stalemate on translocation of Gir lions Kuno Palpur in Madhya Pradesh to be used as tiger habitat now |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/stalemate-on-translocation-of-gir-lionskuno-palpur-in-madhya-pradesh-to-be-used-as-tiger-habitat-now/story-hX8ELtxSSL4I8GeLTh6xYI.html |date=2017-12-07 |access-date=2018-01-27}}</ref>

⚫
As with the liger, the tigon is found only in captivity,<ref name="Guggisberg1975"/> because the [[habitat]]s of the tiger and lion do not overlap. In the past, however, the Asiatic lion did coexist with the [[Bengal tiger]] in the [[wilderness]] of India, besides occurring in countries where the [[Caspian tiger]] had been, such as [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]].<ref name=Pocock1939>Pocock, R. I. (1939). [https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n261/mode/2up ''The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1'']. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London. Pp. 199–222.</ref><ref name=Geptner1972>{{cite book |author1=Heptner, V. G. |author2=Sludskij, A. A. |orig-year=1972 |year=1992 |title=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola |trans-title=Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |location=Washington DC |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/83/mode/2up |pages=1–732}}</ref> In India, there is a [[Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project|plan]] to shift some lions from their current home of the [[Gir Forest]] to [[Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has some tigers,<ref name="Johnsingh2004">{{cite book |last=Johnsingh |first=A.J.T. |year=2006 |title= Field Days: A Naturalist's Journey Through South and Southeast Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EU3inCiGFYYC&pg=PA126 |chapter=Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary ready to play second home to Asiatic lions? |publisher=Universities Press |location=Hyderabad |isbn=8173715521 |pages= 126–138}}</ref> but it has not been implemented as of December 2017, perhaps due to political reasons, as the Gujarat state government does not want any other state to have lions in the forests.<ref name="TOI 2017">{{cite news |work=Times of India |title=Tired of Gujarat reluctance on Gir lions, MP to release tigers in Kuno |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/tired-of-gujarat-reluctance-on-gir-lions-mp-to-release-tigers-in-kuno/articleshow/61937836.cms |date=5 December 2017 |access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="HT 2017">{{cite news |work=Hindustan Times |title=Stalemate on translocation of Gir lions Kuno Palpur in Madhya Pradesh to be used as tiger habitat now |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/stalemate-on-translocation-of-gir-lionskuno-palpur-in-madhya-pradesh-to-be-used-as-tiger-habitat-now/story-hX8ELtxSSL4I8GeLTh6xYI.html |date=7 December 2017 |access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref>{{needs update|date=October 2022}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Liger]]
*[[Liger]]
*[[Liliger]]
*[[Carl Hagenbeck]]
*[[Carl Hagenbeck]]
*[[Felid hybrid]]
*[[Felid hybrid]]
Line 32: Line 37:
*[[Hybrid growth disorders]]
*[[Hybrid growth disorders]]
** [[Genomic_imprinting#Imprinted_genes_in_mammals|Genomic imprinting]]
** [[Genomic_imprinting#Imprinted_genes_in_mammals|Genomic imprinting]]
*[[wikt:Appendix:List of portmanteaux|List of portmanteaus]]
*[[List of portmanteaus]]
*[[Maltese tiger]]
*[[Maltese tiger]]
*[[Panthera hybrid|''Panthera'' hybrid]]
*[[Panthera hybrid|''Panthera'' hybrid]]
Line 41: Line 46:
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/tigons.html Detailed Information of hybrid big cats.]
*[http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/tigons.html Detailed Information of hybrid big cats.]
*[http://www.snopes.com/photos/animals/liger.asp Liger]. snopes.com.
*[http://www.snopes.com/photos/animals/liger.asp Liger]. snopes.com.
*[http://www.gk12.iastate.edu/ask_a_scientist/questions_animals.asp Questions about Animals]. Gk12.iastate.edu.
*[http://www.gk12.iastate.edu/ask_a_scientist/questions_animals.asp Questions about Animals]. Gk12.iastate.edu.
{{Mammal hybrids}}
{{Mammal hybrids}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1383362}}


[[Category:Panthera hybrids]]
[[Category:Panthera hybrids]]

Latest revision as of 20:56, 15 October 2024

For other uses, see Tigon (disambiguation).

Tigon
Tigon at National Zoo & Aquarium in Canberra, Australia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Pantherinae
Genus: Panthera
Species:
P. tigris♂ × P. leo♀

The tigon is a hybrid offspring of a male tiger (Panthera tigris) and a female lion, or lioness (Panthera leo).[1] They exhibit visible characteristics from both parents: they can have both spots from the mother (lions carry genes for spots – lion cubs are spotted and some adults retain faint markings) and stripes from the father. Any mane that a male tigon may have will appear shorter and less noticeable than a lion's mane and is closer in type to the ruff of a male tiger.

Tigons do not exceed the size of their parent species because they inherit growth-inhibitory genes from both parents, but they do not exhibit any kind of dwarfism or miniaturization; they often weigh around 180 kg (400 lb). It is distinct from the liger, which is a hybrid of a male lion and a female tiger, often weighing from 320 kg (710 lb) to 550 kg (1,210 lb). [citation needed]

Fertility

[edit]

Ligers and tigons were long thought to be sterile; in 1943, however, a 15-year-old hybrid between a lion and a tiger was successfully mated at the Munich Hellabrunn Zoo. The female cub was then raised to adulthood.[2] Like the liger, male tigons are sterile while the females are fertile.

At the Alipore Zoo in India, a tigoness named Rudhrani, born in 1971, was successfully mated to a male Asiatic lion named Debabrata. The rare, second-generation hybrid was called a litigon. Rudhrani produced seven litigons in her lifetime. Some of these reached impressive sizes - a litigon named Cubanacan weighed at least 363 kg (800 lb), stood 1.32 m (4 ft 4 in) at the shoulder, and was 3.5 m (11 ft) in total length.[3]

Reports also exist of the similar titigon, resulting from the cross between a female tigon and a male tiger. Titigons resemble golden tigers, but with less contrast in their markings. A tigoness born in 1978, named Noelle, shared an enclosure in the Shambala Preserve with a male Siberian tiger called Anton, due to the keepers' belief that she was sterile. In 1983 Noelle produced a titigon named Nathaniel. As Nathaniel was three-quarters tiger, he had darker stripes than Noelle and vocalized more like a tiger, rather than with the mix of sounds used by his mother. Being only about quarter-lion, Nathaniel did not grow a mane. Nathaniel died of cancer at the age of nine years old. Noelle also developed a severe cancer that killed her not long after she was diagnosed.[citation needed]

Coexistence of parental species

[edit]
Maude, a tigon displayed at Manchester Museum, England.

As with the liger, the tigon is found only in captivity,[2] because the habitats of the tiger and lion do not overlap. In the past, however, the Asiatic lion did coexist with the Bengal tiger in the wilderness of India, besides occurring in countries where the Caspian tiger had been, such as Iran and Turkey.[4][5] In India, there is a plan to shift some lions from their current home of the Gir Forest to Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, which has some tigers,[6] but it has not been implemented as of December 2017, perhaps due to political reasons, as the Gujarat state government does not want any other state to have lions in the forests.[7][8][needs update]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Techné v6n3 – Patenting and Transgenic Organisms: A Philosophical Exploration. Scholar.lib.vt.edu. Retrieved on 17 September 2013.
  2. ^ a b Guggisberg, Charles Albert Walter (1975). Wild Cats of the World. New York: Taplinger Publishing. ISBN 0795001282.
  3. ^ The litigon rediscovered. www.natureasia.com. Retrieved on 22 July 2017.
  4. ^ Pocock, R. I. (1939). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London. Pp. 199–222.
  5. ^ Heptner, V. G.; Sludskij, A. A. (1992) [1972]. Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 1–732.
  6. ^ Johnsingh, A.J.T. (2006). "Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary ready to play second home to Asiatic lions?". Field Days: A Naturalist's Journey Through South and Southeast Asia. Hyderabad: Universities Press. pp. 126–138. ISBN 8173715521.
  7. ^ "Tired of Gujarat reluctance on Gir lions, MP to release tigers in Kuno". Times of India. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  8. ^ "Stalemate on translocation of Gir lions Kuno Palpur in Madhya Pradesh to be used as tiger habitat now". Hindustan Times. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
[edit]
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