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X-15 Flight 90: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|1963 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right"
{{Infobox spaceflight
|+<font size="+1">''' X-15 Flight 90 '''</font>
| name = Flight 90
|-
| image =
!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|
| image_caption =
|-
| insignia =
|colspan="2" align="center"|

|-
| mission_type = Test flight
!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Mission statistics
| operator = [[US Air Force]]/[[NASA]]
|-
| mission_duration = 11&nbsp;minutes, 24&nbsp;seconds
|'''Mission Name:'''||X-15 Flight 90
| suborbital_apogee = {{convert|106.01|km|mi|sp=us}}
|-
| distance_travelled = {{convert|534|km|mi|sp=us}}
|'''Call Sign:'''||X-15

|-
| spacecraft = [[North American X-15|X-15]]
|'''Number of<br>crew members:'''||1
| manufacturer = [[North American Aviation|North American]]
|-
| launch_mass = {{convert|15195|kg|lb}}
|'''Launch:'''||July 19, 1963<br>18:20:05 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<br>NB-52B flying near<br> Smith Ranch Dry Lake, NV<br>{{Coord|39|20|N|117|29|W|}}
| dry_mass = {{convert|6577|kg|lb}}
|-
| landing_mass = {{convert|6260|kg|lb}}
|'''Landing:'''||July 19, 1963<br>18:31:29.1 UTC<br>Rogers Dry Lake,<br>Edwards AFB, CA

|-
| launch_date = {{start-date|July 19, 1963, 18:20:05|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
|'''Duration:'''<br>''B-52 drop to <br>X-15 wheel stop''||00:11:24.1
| launch_site = ''[[Balls 8]]'', [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]]<br/><small>Dropped over [[Smith Ranch Dry Lake]]<br/>{{coord|39|20|N|117|29|W|}}</small>
|-

|'''Number of<br>orbits:'''||[[Suborbital]]
| landing_date = {{end-date|July 19, 1963, 18:31:29.1|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC
|-
| landing_site = [[Rogers Dry Lake]], [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]]
|'''Apogee:'''||106.01&nbsp;km

|-
| crew_size = 1
|'''Distance<br>traveled:'''||534&nbsp;km
| crew_members = [[Joseph A. Walker]]
|-
| crew_photo = Joseph Albert Walker.jpg
|'''Maximum<br>velocity:'''||5,971&nbsp;km/h
| crew_photo_caption = X-15 Flight 90 pilot, [[Joseph A. Walker|Joe Walker]]
|-
⚫
}}
|'''Peak acceleration:'''||5''g'' (49&nbsp;m/s²)
'''Flight 90''' of the [[North American X-15]] was a [[test flight|research flight]] conducted by [[NASA]] and the [[US Air Force]] on July 19, 1963. It was the first of two X-15 missions that passed the 100-km high [[Kármán line]], the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale|FAI]] definition of [[outer space|space]], along with [[X-15 Flight 91|Flight 91]] the next month. The X-15 was flown by [[Joseph A. Walker]], who flew both X-15 [[spaceflight]]s over the Kármán line.
|-
|'''Mass:'''||Launch 15,195&nbsp;kg<br>Burnout 6,577&nbsp;kg<br>Landing 6,260&nbsp;kg
|-
!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Crew picture
|-
|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:WalkerE-6682.jpg|center|thumb|175px|X-15 Flight 90 pilot(NASA)]]
|-
!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Joe Walker
⚫
|}


==Crew==
==Crew==
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|terminology = Astronaut
|terminology = Astronaut
|position1 = Pilot
|position1 = Pilot
|crew1_up = [[Joseph A. Walker]]
|crew1_up = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Joseph A. Walker]]
|flights1_up = First
|flights1_up = First (FAI-recognized) / Second (U.S.-recognized)
}}
}}


==Mission parameters==
==Mission parameters==
*'''Mass:''' 15,195&nbsp;kg fueled; 6,577&nbsp;kg burnout; 6,260&nbsp;kg landed
*'''Mass:''' 15,195&nbsp;kg fueled; 6,577&nbsp;kg burnout; 6,260&nbsp;kg landed
*'''Maximum Altitude:''' 106.01&nbsp;km
*'''Maximum Altitude:''' 106.01&nbsp;km., 347,800 feet
*'''Range:''' 534&nbsp;km
*'''Range:''' 534&nbsp;km
*'''Burn Time:''' 84.6 seconds
*'''Burn Time:''' 84.6 seconds
Line 56: Line 48:


==Mission highlights==
==Mission highlights==
Maximum Speed - 5,971&nbsp;km/h. Maximum Altitude - 106,010 m. 80&nbsp;cm diameter balloon towed on 30 m line to measure air density. First X-15 flight over 100&nbsp;km (a height known as the [[Kármán line]]). This made Walker the first US civilian in space.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/adastra/adastra_joewalker_061127.html|title=Higher & Faster: Memorial Fund Established for X-15 pilot |first=Larry |last=Evans|work=TechMediaNetwork |publisher=Space.com |date=November 27, 2006 |accessdate=May 4, 2010}}</ref> This was also the first [[spaceflight]] of a [[spaceplane]] in aviation history. First flight launched over Smith Dry Lake, NV. Experiments: Towed balloon, horizon scanner, photometer, infrared and ultraviolet. Balloon instrumentation failed.
Maximum Speed - 5,971&nbsp;km/h. Maximum Altitude - 106,010 m. 80&nbsp;cm diameter balloon towed on 30 m line to measure air density. First X-15 flight over 100&nbsp;km (a height known as the [[Kármán line]]). This made Walker the first US civilian in space.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/adastra/adastra_joewalker_061127.html|title=Higher & Faster: Memorial Fund Established for X-15 pilot |first=Larry |last=Evans|work=TechMediaNetwork |publisher=Space.com |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref> This was also the first [[spaceflight]] of a [[spaceplane]] in aviation history. First flight launched over Smith Dry Lake, NV. Experiments: Towed balloon, horizon scanner, photometer, infrared and ultraviolet. Balloon instrumentation failed.


The mission was flown by [[X-15]] #3, serial 56-6672 on its 21st flight.
The mission was flown by [[X-15]] #3, serial 56–6672 on its 21st flight.


Launched by: NB-52B #008, Pilots Fulton & Bement. Takeoff: 17:19. UTC Landing: 19:04 UTC.
Launched by: NB-52B #008, Pilots Fulton & Bement. Takeoff: 17:19. UTC Landing: 19:04 UTC.
Line 64: Line 56:
Chase pilots: Crews, Dana, Rogers, Daniel and Wood.
Chase pilots: Crews, Dana, Rogers, Daniel and Wood.


The X-15 engine burned about 85 seconds. Near the end of the burn, acceleration built up to about 4''g'' (39&nbsp;m/s²). Weightlessness lasted for 3 to 5 minutes. Re-entry heating warmed the exterior of the X-15 to 650 °C in places. During pull up after re-entry, the acceleration built up to 5''g'' (49&nbsp;m/s²) for 20 seconds. The entire flight lasted about 12 minutes from launch to landing.
The X-15 engine burned about 85 seconds. Near the end of the burn, acceleration built up to about 4''g'' (39&nbsp;m/s²). Weightlessness lasted for 3 to 5 minutes. Re-entry heating warmed the exterior of the X-15 to 650&nbsp;°C in places. During pull up after re-entry, the acceleration built up to 5''g'' (49&nbsp;m/s²) for 20 seconds. The entire flight lasted about 12 minutes from launch to landing.

<br clear=all>
<center>

{| border="1" align="center"
|-----
<br>
<br>
| width="30%" align="center" | '''1st 100&nbsp;km Flight''':<br>X-15 Flight 90
| width="40%" align="center" | '''[[X-15|X-15 Program]]'''
| width="30%" align="center" | '''2nd 100&nbsp;km Flight''':<br>
[[X-15 Flight 91]]
|}
</center>


==Notes==
==Notes==
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*{{cite book | last = Goodwin | first = Robert | title = X-15: the NASA mission reports, incorporating files from the USAF | publisher = Apogee Books | location = Burlington, Ontario | year = 2000 | isbn = 1-896522-65-3 }}
*{{cite book | last = Goodwin | first = Robert | title = X-15: the NASA mission reports, incorporating files from the USAF | publisher = Apogee Books | location = Burlington, Ontario | year = 2000 | isbn = 1-896522-65-3 }}
*{{Citation
*{{Citation
| first = Dennis R. | last = Jenkins | contribution = Hypersonics Before the Shuttle: A Concise History of the X-15 Research Airplane | id = {{hdl|2060/20000068530}} | series = NASA Technical Reports | year = 2000 | publisher = NASA | url =
| first = Dennis R. | last = Jenkins | title = Hypersonics Before the Shuttle: A Concise History of the X-15 Research Airplane | id = Document ID: 20000068530 | series = NASA Technical Reports | year = 2000 | publisher = NASA | hdl = 2060/20000068530 }}
| id = Document ID: 20000068530 }}
* {{Citation
* {{Citation
| first = A. B. | last = Price | contribution = Thermal protection system X-15A-2 Design Report | id = {{hdl|2060/19680016245}} | series = NASA Technical Reports | year = 1968 | publisher = NASA | id = Document ID: 19680016245}}
| first = A. B. | last = Price | title = Thermal protection system X-15A-2 Design Report | id = Document ID: 19680016245 | series = NASA Technical Reports | year = 1968 | publisher = NASA| hdl = 2060/19680016245 }}
*{{Citation
*{{Citation
| first = W. H. | last = Stillwell | contribution = X-15 research results with a selected bibliography | id = {{hdl|2060/19650010561}} | series = NASA Technical Reports | year = 1965 | publisher = NASA | id = Document ID: 19650010561}}
| first = W. H. | last = Stillwell | title = X-15 research results with a selected bibliography | id = Document ID: 19650010561 | series = NASA Technical Reports | year = 1965 | publisher = NASA| hdl = 2060/19650010561 }}
* {{Citation
* {{Citation
| first = Joe D. | last = Watts | contribution =Flight experience with shock impingement and interference heating on the X-15-2 research airplane | id = {{hdl|2060/19920075739}} | series = NASA Technical Reports | year = 1968 | publisher = NASA | id = Document ID: 19920075739 }}
| first = Joe D. | last = Watts | title =Flight experience with shock impingement and interference heating on the X-15-2 research airplane | id = Document ID: 19920075739 | series = NASA Technical Reports | year = 1968 | publisher = NASA | hdl = 2060/19920075739 }}


{{North American X-15}}


[[Category:1963 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:1963 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Suborbital human spaceflights]]
[[Category:X-15 flights|090]]
[[Category:X-15 program]]

Latest revision as of 14:27, 18 July 2024

Flight 90
Mission typeTest flight
OperatorUS Air Force/NASA
Mission duration11 minutes, 24 seconds
Distance travelled534 kilometers (332 mi)
Apogee106.01 kilometers (65.87 mi)
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftX-15
ManufacturerNorth American
Launch mass15,195 kilograms (33,499 lb)
Landing mass6,260 kilograms (13,800 lb)
Dry mass6,577 kilograms (14,500 lb)
Crew
Crew size1
MembersJoseph A. Walker
Start of mission
Launch dateJuly 19, 1963, 18:20:05 (1963-07-19UTC18:20:05Z) UTC
Launch siteBalls 8, Edwards
Dropped over Smith Ranch Dry Lake
39°20′N 117°29′W / 39.333°N 117.483°W / 39.333; -117.483
End of mission
Landing dateJuly 19, 1963, 18:31:29.1 (1963-07-19UTC18:31:30Z) UTC
Landing siteRogers Dry Lake, Edwards

X-15 Flight 90 pilot, Joe Walker

Flight 90 of the North American X-15 was a research flight conducted by NASA and the US Air Force on July 19, 1963. It was the first of two X-15 missions that passed the 100-km high Kármán line, the FAI definition of space, along with Flight 91 the next month. The X-15 was flown by Joseph A. Walker, who flew both X-15 spaceflights over the Kármán line.

Crew

[edit]
Position Astronaut
Pilot United States Joseph A. Walker
First (FAI-recognized) / Second (U.S.-recognized) spaceflight

Mission parameters

[edit]
  • Mass: 15,195 kg fueled; 6,577 kg burnout; 6,260 kg landed
  • Maximum Altitude: 106.01 km., 347,800 feet
  • Range: 534 km
  • Burn Time: 84.6 seconds
  • Mach: 5.50
  • Launch Vehicle: NB-52B Bomber #008

Mission highlights

[edit]

Maximum Speed - 5,971 km/h. Maximum Altitude - 106,010 m. 80 cm diameter balloon towed on 30 m line to measure air density. First X-15 flight over 100 km (a height known as the Kármán line). This made Walker the first US civilian in space.[1] This was also the first spaceflight of a spaceplane in aviation history. First flight launched over Smith Dry Lake, NV. Experiments: Towed balloon, horizon scanner, photometer, infrared and ultraviolet. Balloon instrumentation failed.

The mission was flown by X-15 #3, serial 56–6672 on its 21st flight.

Launched by: NB-52B #008, Pilots Fulton & Bement. Takeoff: 17:19. UTC Landing: 19:04 UTC.

Chase pilots: Crews, Dana, Rogers, Daniel and Wood.

The X-15 engine burned about 85 seconds. Near the end of the burn, acceleration built up to about 4g (39 m/s²). Weightlessness lasted for 3 to 5 minutes. Re-entry heating warmed the exterior of the X-15 to 650 °C in places. During pull up after re-entry, the acceleration built up to 5g (49 m/s²) for 20 seconds. The entire flight lasted about 12 minutes from launch to landing.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Evans, Larry (November 27, 2006). "Higher & Faster: Memorial Fund Established for X-15 pilot". TechMediaNetwork. Space.com. Retrieved May 4, 2010.

References

[edit]
  • Goodwin, Robert (2000). X-15: the NASA mission reports, incorporating files from the USAF. Burlington, Ontario: Apogee Books. ISBN 1-896522-65-3.
  • Jenkins, Dennis R. (2000), Hypersonics Before the Shuttle: A Concise History of the X-15 Research Airplane, NASA Technical Reports, NASA, hdl:2060/20000068530, Document ID: 20000068530
  • Price, A. B. (1968), Thermal protection system X-15A-2 Design Report, NASA Technical Reports, NASA, hdl:2060/19680016245, Document ID: 19680016245
  • Stillwell, W. H. (1965), X-15 research results with a selected bibliography, NASA Technical Reports, NASA, hdl:2060/19650010561, Document ID: 19650010561
  • Watts, Joe D. (1968), Flight experience with shock impingement and interference heating on the X-15-2 research airplane, NASA Technical Reports, NASA, hdl:2060/19920075739, Document ID: 19920075739
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