APOBEC3H

APOBEC3H
Identifiers
Aliases	APOBEC3H, A3H, ARP-10, ARP10, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3H
External IDs	OMIM: 610976; HomoloGene: 52306; GeneCards: APOBEC3H; OMA:APOBEC3H - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)
End	39,104,067 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; gastric mucosa; ; blood; ; lymph node; ; spleen; ; appendix; ; right uterine tube; ; gallbladder; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; right adrenal cortex;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines; cytidine deaminase activity; zinc ion binding; protein binding; catalytic activity; hydrolase activity; metal ion binding; RNA binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; P-body; nucleus;
Biological process	negative regulation of transposition; innate immune response; defense response to virus; DNA cytosine deamination; negative regulation of viral process; negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate; immune system process; cytidine deamination; cytidine to uridine editing; DNA demethylation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	164668
	n/a
	ENSG00000100298
	n/a
	Q6NTF7
	n/a
	NM_001166002; NM_001166003; NM_001166004; NM_181773
	n/a
	NP_001159474; NP_001159475; NP_001159476; NP_861438
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3H, also known as Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3H or APOBEC-related protein 10, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC3H gene.^[3]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) family of proteins. The encoded protein is a cytidine deaminase that has antiretroviral activity by generating lethal hypermutations in viral genomes. Polymorphisms and alternative splicing in this gene influence its antiretroviral activity and are associated with increased resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in certain populations. There are only one to two members of this family of genes in nonprimate mammals but at least seven members in primates. APOBEC3H is an antiviral effector. In Old world monkeys APOBEC3H has efficient antiviral activity against primate lentiviruses and it is sensitive to inactivation by the simian immunodeficiency virus Vif protein, and is capable of hypermutating retroviral genomes. The typical human APOBEC3H gene is inherently poorly expressed in primate cells and is ineffective at inhibiting retroviral replication.^[4] Importantly, different people have different strengths and potencies of APOBEC3H. People with version of the gene for APOBEC3H which produce stable variations of the protein can successfully limit HIV-1's ability to replicate.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100298 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme".
^ OhAinle M, Kerns JA, Malik HS, Emerman M (April 2006). "Adaptive evolution and antiviral activity of the conserved mammalian cytidine deaminase APOBEC3H". Journal of Virology. 80 (8): 3853–62. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.8.3853-3862.2006. PMC 1440450. PMID 16571802.
^ Refsland EW, Hultquist JF, Luengas EM, Ikeda T, Shaban NM, Law EK, et al. (November 2014). "Natural polymorphisms in human APOBEC3H and HIV-1 Vif combine in primary T lymphocytes to affect viral G-to-A mutation levels and infectivity". PLOS Genetics. 10 (11): e1004761. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004761. PMC 4238949. PMID 25411794.

External links

Human APOBEC3H genome location and APOBEC3H gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 22 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100298 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme".

[pmid16571802-4] OhAinle M, Kerns JA, Malik HS, Emerman M (April 2006). "Adaptive evolution and antiviral activity of the conserved mammalian cytidine deaminase APOBEC3H". Journal of Virology. 80 (8): 3853–62. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.8.3853-3862.2006. PMC 1440450. PMID 16571802.

[pmid25411794-5] Refsland EW, Hultquist JF, Luengas EM, Ikeda T, Shaban NM, Law EK, et al. (November 2014). "Natural polymorphisms in human APOBEC3H and HIV-1 Vif combine in primary T lymphocytes to affect viral G-to-A mutation levels and infectivity". PLOS Genetics. 10 (11): e1004761. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004761. PMC 4238949. PMID 25411794.

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v t e Hydrolases: carbon-nitrogen non-peptide (EC 3.5)
3.5.1: Linear amides / Amidohydrolases	Asparaginase Glutaminase Urease Biotinidase Aminoacylase ACY1 Aspartoacylase(ACY2) ACY3 Ceramidase Aspartylglucosaminidase Fatty acid amide hydrolase Histone deacetylase Sirtuin
3.5.2: Cyclic amides/ Amidohydrolases	Barbiturase Beta-lactamase Dihydroorotase
3.5.3: Linear amidines/ Ureohydrolases	Arginase Agmatinase Protein-arginine deiminase
3.5.4: Cyclic amidines/ Aminohydrolases	Guanine deaminase Adenosine deaminase AMP deaminase Inosine monophosphate synthase DCMP deaminase GTP cyclohydrolase I Cytidine deaminase AICDA Activation-induced cytidine deaminase
3.5.5: Nitriles/ Aminohydrolases	Nitrilase
3.5.99: Other	Riboflavinase Thiaminase II

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

Function

References

Further reading

External links