Darfur Regional Government

Darfur Regional Government
حكومة إقليم دارفور
Hukumat Aqalim Darfur
Darfur Regional Government حكومة إقليم دارفور; Hukumat Aqalim Darfur
	Coat of arms
Headquarters	Al-Fashir
Official languages	Arabic, Fur
Demonym(s)	Darfuri, Darfurian and Darfurese
Government
• Regional Governor	Minni Minawi
Establishment
• Abuja Agreement	5 May 2006
• Doha Agreement	14 July 2011
• Regional Government	10 August 2021
Area
• Total	493,180 km2 (190,420 sq mi)
Population
• 2017 estimate	9,241,369
• Density	18.7/km2 (48.4/sq mi)
	Website; Official website

The Darfur Regional Government is an administrative body for the Darfur region of the Republic of Sudan.^[3]

A Transitional Darfur Regional Authority was established in April 2007 under the terms of the 2006 Darfur Peace Agreement^[4] signed in May 2006.^[5] The transitional authority was reconstituted as the Darfur Regional Authority on 14 July 2011, following the signing of a new Darfur Peace Agreement, which included provisions for a regional authority with both executive and legislative functions.^[6]^[7]^[8] The current regional government was formed in August 2021.^[2]

History

Transitional Darfur Regional Authority (2007-2011)

A Transitional Darfur Regional Authority was established in April 2007 as part of the Darfur Peace Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Liberation Movement of Minni Minnawi. The agreement was an attempt to resolve the Darfur conflict that had been ongoing from February 2003. The agreement was only signed by one rebel group, the Sudan Liberation Movement, and rejected by the Justice and Equality Movement, resulting in continuation of the conflict.

TDRA was composed of six commissions amongst which Darfur Reconstruction and Development Fund (DRDF) represented the backbone of the Authority. Abdelgabar Dosa was the founding President of the DRDF. The Commission had prepared a comprehensive and significant reconstruction and development plan of seven years 2008–2015 to be implemented in the region with all projects prepared meeting the international standards. In 2008 as the government failed to fulfil its obligations to allocate the seed money ($700 million) agreed upon in the agreement Abdelgabar Dosa resigned and is living as a refugee in the UK.

In December 2010, the Sudan Liberation Movement withdrew from the peace agreement and the regional authority. Its leader Minni Minnawi fled to Southern Sudan and has since been dismissed as Senior Assistant to the President of Sudan and as Chairman of the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority.^[9] The new Chairman Shartai Jaafar Abdel Hakam subsequently dismissed 10 other members of the Sudan Liberation Movement from the authority.^[10]

Darfur Regional Authority (2011-2016)

In June 2011, a new Darfur Peace Agreement was proposed by the Joint Mediators at the Doha Peace Forum. This new agreement was intended to supersede the 2006 Abuja Agreement and included provisions for a Darfuri Vice-President and an administrative structure that includes both the states (as part of the process, two additional states were to be created in January 2012 within Darfur) and a strategic regional authority to oversee Darfur as a whole.^[11] The new agreement was signed by the Government of Sudan and the Liberation and Justice Movement on 14 July 2011.^[12] The Sudan Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement did not sign the new document but have three months in which to do so if they wish. The transition process towards a new authority began on 20 September 2011 when Tijani Sese was named as its chairman by the President of Sudan.^[13] He was formally sworn in as chairman in October 2011 which was followed by the other executive members being appointed in January 2012. The two new states (East Darfur and Central Darfur) were also created in the Darfur region at the same time, bringing the total to five. The new authority assumed its full functions on 8 February 2012.^[8]

Following the Darfur status referendum held in April 2016, the DRA was dissolved in July 2016. Its assets were handed over to the Office of the President of Sudan and the commissions established as part of the Darfur peace Agreement now report directly to the president.^[14]

The 2011 Darfur Peace Agreement contained provisions for an administrative structure for Darfur that includes the three states (raised to five states from January 2012) and a strategic authority to oversee the region as a whole.^[11] The regional authority it proposed consists of both executive and legislative organs which are known as the Darfur Executive and the Darfur Council.

The Darfur Executive was led by an Executive Chairperson and also included an Executive Deputy-Chairperson, Darfur state governors, ministers and heads of ad hoc Darfur commissions.

The Darfur Council was made up of 66 Council Members drawn from the armed movements and the Darfur state legislatures. The Council met for the first time in January 2013 in Nyala, South Darfur.^[15]

Status referendum

The permanent status of the Darfur region was determined by a referendum held in April 2016 in which the people of Darfur had the choice between "the creation of a Darfur Region composed of the three states" (there are now five states), with a constitution and regional government, or the retention of the status quo, with the Darfur region divided between several states.^[16]^[17]^[18] The referendum result supported the retention of the status quo and the regional authority was dissolved on 14 June 2016.^[19]