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Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın
Member of the Grand National Assembly
Personal details
Born(1874-12-07)7 December 1874
Balıkesir, Ottoman Empire
Died18 October 1957(1957-10-18) (aged 82)
Istanbul, Turkey
NationalityTurkish citizenship
Political partyParty of Union and Progress, Republican People's Party

Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın (7 December 1874 – 18 October 1957) was a prominent Turkish theorist, writer and politician. He is famous for having been a dissident journalist, who was put on trial and punished due to his political newspaper columns. His publications defending the idea of a homogenous nation became popular within the Party of Union and Progress.[1]

Biography

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Hüseyin Cahit was born in 1874 in Balıkesir. He was a graduate of Vefa High School, Istanbul.[2] He started his literary life by writing stories, novels and prose poems. He later wrote on journalism, criticism and translation. He also wrote satirical poems under the pseudonym Hemrah. He is one of the most important figures of the Edebiyat-ı Cedide (New Literary Movement). After the Second Constitutional Era, he helped Tevfik Fikret and Hüseyin Kazım to publish the Tanin newspaper, as it was put into political life. By the time he started his political career and joined the Union and Progress Party. He was selected to Ottoman Parliament (Meclis-i Mebusan) in 1908 and served until 1912. Between 1908 and 1911, he wrote for Tanin, in which he opposed a German influence on the Ottoman Empire.[3]

He escaped to Romania during the 31 March Incident since rebels had decided to kill him, but they murdered Mehmet Aslan Bey instead.[4] After the suppression of the riots, he returned to Istanbul.

In 1911, he started working at Ottoman Public Debt Administration. However, he had to leave Istanbul again in 1912 and moved to Wien as his journal Tanin was closed due to his opposing views. He came back to Istanbul only after the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état. Even though he was opposed German influence in the past, he joined the German-Turkish association [de] which would support the cultural and economic exchange between the two empires in 1915.[5]

After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War, Hüseyin Cahit was exiled to Malta by the British authorities and stayed there until 1922. Right after his return, he started a newspaper called Renin but after a while renamed it as Tanin. He supported Mustafa Kemal and Turkish Independence War in his articles. However, he contradicted Ankara Government soon due to the abolition of the sultanate and the caliphate.[6]

During Atatürk era (1923–1938) Hüseyin Cahit kept his position as an opposition journalist and criticized many policies of the Government, including the reforms such as the abolition of the caliphate and the Turkish language reform. Hüseyin Cahit promoted liberal democracy and blamed the Ankara Government for imposing a tight control over society and culture. However, his criticisms were perceived suspiciously due to his background with the Union and Progress Party.[7] He was put on trial by Independence Court for 3 times, he was acquitted twice, but in 1925 he was exiled to Çorum.[8] In 1926, banishment was forgiven and he returned to Istanbul.

After Atatürk's death in 1938, Hüseyin Cahit was invited to CHP by İsmet İnönü, and he was elected to the Parliament of Turkey.

He started publishing Tanin newspaper again in 1943. He wrote articles against communism. In his article dated 3 December 1945, he directly blamed Tan newspaper and Sabiha Sertel for supporting communism and the USSR. This article played an important role on provoking people and the headquarters of Tan was assaulted on 4 December.

In 1954, when he was jailed again for his article against Democrat Party. He was forgiven by the President of the Republic Celal Bayar since he was 79 years old at that time.

In 1957, he was a candidate for the parliamentary elections, but he died on 18 October 1957 before the results were released.[9]

Support for the Armenian Genocide

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In 1936, Yalçın wrote an article arguing that Bahaeddin Şakir (who is generally considered to be the main architect of the Armenian Genocide) should be honored for his role in the Armenian Genocide.[10]

References

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  1. ^ Taner Akçam (2006). A Shameful Act. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9780805086652.
  2. ^ Süleyman Doğan (2010). "Model Institution Vefa High School, the First School to Teach in Turkish Medium". TURAN: Stratejik Arastirmalar Merkezi. 2 (8): 52. ProQuest 1038146350.
  3. ^ Dorothée Guillemarre-Acet (2009). Impérialisme et nationalisme: l'Allemagne, l'Empire ottoman et la Turquie (1908-1933) (in French). Ergon Verlag. pp. 37–39, 88. ISBN 978-3-89913-694-4.
  4. ^ "31 Mart'ın 103. Yılı". Cumhuriyet. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  5. ^ Guillemarre-Acet, Dorothée. (2009). pp.196–198
  6. ^ "Biyografi: Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın". Biyografi (in Turkish). Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  7. ^ Yüksel, Nahit. ""Fikir Hareketleri" Dergisinde (1933-1940) Hüseyin Cahit'in (Yalçın) Türk Devrimine Bakışı". Atatürk Araştırmaları Merkezi Dergisi (in Turkish). 22 (64–65).
  8. ^ Gisela Procházka-Eisl. (2005). Die Lieder des Papageien, ISBN 9783825886479 (in German)
  9. ^ "Biyografya: Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın". www.biyografya.com (in Turkish).
  10. ^ Erik Jan Zürcher (2011). "Renewal and Silence: Postwar Unionist and Kemalist Rhetoric on the Armenian Genocide". In Ronald Grigor Suny; Fatma Müge Göçek; Norman M. Naimark (eds.). A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. pp. 315–316. ISBN 978-0-19-979276-4.
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