Ibero-American Summit
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The Ibero-American Summit, formally the Ibero-American Conference of Heads of State and Governments (Spanish: Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno, Portuguese: Cimeiras (or Cúpulas) Ibero-Americanas de Chefes de Estado e de Governo), is a yearly meeting of the heads of government and state of the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking nations of Europe and the Americas, as members of the Organization of Ibero-American States. The permanent secretariat in preparation of the summits is the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB).
Member states
[edit]The first summit, held in 1991 in Guadalajara, Mexico, was attended by the governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay and Venezuela. Andorra joined in 2004.[1][2][3] Equatorial Guinea and the Philippines entered in 2009 as "associate members". Puerto Rico has participated sometimes as an associate member, but as it is not a sovereign country it is not allowed to completely join the summits. Belize and East Timor have expressed their interest in joining the summits, although they have not been allowed to join for the moment. All these countries were either Spanish or Portuguese colonies (Belize and the Philippines were Spanish before belonged to the United Kingdom and the United States, while East Timor was Portuguese before belonged to Indonesia, respectively). Other former Spanish and Portuguese colonies may join the summits in the future.
Following a proposal made by the Colombian President Gustavo Petro,[4] Sahrawi diplomat Mohamed Azrouk said that Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic will submit a request to join the Ibero-American Summit as an observer member.[5]
Expansion
[edit]
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Cape Verde
East Timor
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Grenada
São Tomé and Príncipe
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Full member Observer |
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Summits
[edit]| Summit | City | Country | Dates[6] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Guadalajara |  Mexico
|
July 18–July 19, 1991 |
| 2nd | Madrid |  Spain
|
July 23–July 24, 1992 |
| 3rd | Salvador |  Brazil
|
July 15–July 16, 1993 |
| 4th | Cartagena |  Colombia
|
June 14–June 15, 1994 |
| 5th | San Carlos de Bariloche |  Argentina
|
October 16–October 17, 1995 |
| 6th | Santiago and Viña del Mar |  Chile
|
November 13–November 14, 1996 |
| 7th | Isla Margarita |  Venezuela
|
November 8–November 9, 1997 |
| 8th | Porto |  Portugal
|
October 17–October 18, 1998 |
| 9th | Havana |  Cuba
|
November 15–November 16, 1999 |
| 10th | Panama City |  Panama
|
November 17–November 18, 2000 |
| 11th | Lima |  Peru
|
November 17–November 18, 2001 |
| 12th | Bávaro |  Dominican Republic
|
November 15–November 16, 2002 |
| 13th | Santa Cruz de la Sierra |  Bolivia
|
November 14–November 15, 2003 |
| 14th | San José |  Costa Rica
|
November 18–November 20, 2004 |
| 15th | Salamanca | Spain
|
October 14–October 15, 2005 |
| 16th | Montevideo |  Uruguay
|
November 3–November 5, 2006 |
| 17th | Santiago | Chile
|
November 8–November 10, 2007 |
| 18th | San Salvador |  El Salvador
|
October 29–October 31, 2008 |
| 19th | Estoril | Portugal
|
November 30–December 1, 2009 |
| 20th | Mar del Plata | Argentina
|
December 3–December 4, 2010 |
| 21st | Asunción |  Paraguay
|
October 28–October 29, 2011 |
| 22nd | Cádiz | Spain
|
November 16–November 18, 2012 |
| 23rd | Panama City | Panama
|
October 16–October 18, 2013 |
| 24th | Veracruz | Mexico
|
December 8–December 9, 2014 |
| 25th | Cartagena de Indias | Colombia
|
October 28-October 29, 2016 |
| 26th | Antigua |  Guatemala
|
November 15-November 16, 2018 |
| 27th | Andorra la Vella |  Andorra
|
April 21, 2021 |
| 28th | Santo Domingo | Dominican Republic
|
March 24–March 25, 2023 |
See also
[edit]- Ibero-America
- Organization of Ibero-American States
- Community of Portuguese Language Countries
- Latin American integration
- Rio Group
- ¿Por qué no te callas?
References
[edit]- ^ Países Archived 2007-11-12 at the Wayback Machine, Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.
- ^ International Relations Archived 2007-11-18 at the Wayback Machine, Andorran Chamber of Commerce. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.
- ^ I Cumbre Iberoamericana de Jefes de Estado y Presidentes de Gobierno, Cumbres y Conferencias Iberoamericanas, Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.
- ^ "Colombian president asks Spain to invite Western Sahara to Ibero-American summit". www.spsrasd.info. March 26, 2023. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
- ^ "SADR will ask, officially, to be observer member of Ibero-American Summit". www.spsrasd.info. April 1, 2023. Archived from the original on April 2, 2023. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
- ^ Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno, Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.
Bibliography
[edit]- (1992) Primera Cumbre Iberoamericana, Guadalajara, México, 1991: Discursos, Declaración de Guadalajara y documentos. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-3735-6
External links
[edit]
- (in Spanish and Portuguese) Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno
- (in Spanish and Portuguese) Ibero-America's Secretariat General Official Web-site (SEGIB)
- Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI) website in Spanish in Portuguese
- (in Spanish) Official Web-site for the Organization of Ibero-American Youth (OIJ)
- (in Spanish) Web site for 2008 Iberoamerican Summit in El Salvador