Industrial mineral

Industrial resources (minerals) are geological materials that are mined for their commercial value, which are not fuel (fuel minerals or mineral fuels) and are not sources of metals (metallic minerals) but are used in the industries based on their physical and/or chemical properties.^[1] They are used in their natural state or after beneficiation either as raw materials or as additives in a wide range of applications.

Examples and applications

Typical examples of industrial rocks and minerals are limestone, clays, sand, gravel, diatomite, kaolin, bentonite, silica, barite, gypsum, and talc. Some examples of applications for industrial minerals are construction, ceramics, paints, electronics, filtration, plastics, glass, detergents and paper.

In some cases, even organic materials (peat) and industrial products or by-products (cement, slag, silica fume) are categorized under industrial minerals, as well as metallic compounds mainly utilized in non-metallic form (as an example most titanium is utilized as an oxide TiO₂ rather than Ti metal).

The evaluation of raw materials to determine their suitability for use as industrial minerals requires technical test-work, mineral processing trials and end-product evaluation; free to download evaluation manuals are available for the following industrial minerals: limestone, flake graphite, diatomite, kaolin, bentonite and construction materials. These are available from the British Geological Survey external link 'Industrial Minerals in BGS' with regular industry news and reports published in Industrial Minerals magazine.

List of industrial minerals by name

Aggregates
Alunite
Asbestos
Asphalt, Natural
Ball clays
Baryte
Bentonite^[2] / Diatomite^[3] / Fuller's earth
Borates
Brines
Carbonatites
Corundum
Diamond
Dimension stone
Feldspar and Nepheline - Syenite
Fluorspar
Garnet
Gem mineral
Granite
Graphite
Gypsum
Halite
Kaolin
Kyanite / Sillimanite / Andalusite
Limestone / Dolomite
Marble
Mica
Mirabilite
Natron
Nahcolite
Novaculite
Olivine^[4]
Perlite^[5]
Phosphate
Potash –Potassium minerals
Pumice^[6]^[7]
Quartz
Slate^[8]
Silica sand / Tripoli
Sulfur
Talc
Vermiculite
Wollastonite
Zeolites

References

^ Kogel J.E.; Trivedi N.C.; Barker J.M.; Krukowski S.T., eds. (2006). Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses (7 ed.). Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. ISBN 9780873352338.
^ Memedi, Hamdije; Atkovska, Katerina; Lisichkov, Kiril; Marinkovski, Mirko; Kuvendziev, Stefan; Bozinovski, Zoran; Reka, Arianit A. (28 June 2017). "Separation of Cr(VI) From Aqueous Solutions by Natural Bentonite: Equilibrium Study". Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON. 15 (1–2). doi:10.7251/QOL1701041M.
^ Reka, Arianit; Anovski, Todor; Bogoevski, Slobodan; Pavlovski, Blagoj; Boškovski, Boško (29 December 2014). "Physical-chemical and mineralogical-petrographic examinations of diatomite from deposit near village of Rožden, Republic of Macedonia". Geologica Macedonica. 28 (2): 121–126. ISSN 1857-8586.
^ Sturt, B.A.; Gautneb, H.; Heldal, T.; Nilss, L.P. (2002). "Industrial minerals associated with ultramafic rocks in Norway". In Scott P.W.; Bristow C.M. (eds.). Industrial Minerals and Extractive Industry Geology: Based on Papers Presented at the Combined 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals and 11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference, Bath, England, 7th-12th May, 2000. Geological Society of London. p. 47. ISBN 9781862390997.
^ Reka, Arianit A.; Pavlovski, Blagoj; Lisichkov, Kiril; Jashari, Ahmed; Boev, Blazo; Boev, Ivan; Lazarova, Maja; Eskizeybek, Volkan; Oral, Ayhan; Jovanovski, Gligor; Makreski, Petre (23 October 2019). "Chemical, mineralogical and structural features of native and expanded perlite from Macedonia". Geologia Croatica. 72 (3): 215–221. doi:10.4154/gc.2019.18.
^ Hatzilazaridou, K. (2002). "A review of Greek industrial minerals". In Scott P.W.; Bristow C.M. (eds.). Industrial Minerals and Extractive Industry Geology: Based on Papers Presented at the Combined 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals and 11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference, Bath, England, 7th-12th May, 2000. Geological Society of London. p. 115. ISBN 9781862390997.
^ Cekova, Blagica. "Structural examinations of natural raw materials pumice and trepel from Republic of Macedonia". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Scott, P.W.; Bristow, C.M. (2002). Industrial Minerals and Extractive Industry Geology: Based on Papers Presented at the Combined 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals and 11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference, Bath, England, 7th-12th May, 2000. Geological Society of London. p. 1. ISBN 9781862390997.

External links

Industrial Minerals Association - North America
The "chessboard" classification scheme of mineral deposits (abstract) Archived 12 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[Kogel_et_al-1] Kogel J.E.; Trivedi N.C.; Barker J.M.; Krukowski S.T., eds. (2006). Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses (7 ed.). Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. ISBN 9780873352338.

[2] Memedi, Hamdije; Atkovska, Katerina; Lisichkov, Kiril; Marinkovski, Mirko; Kuvendziev, Stefan; Bozinovski, Zoran; Reka, Arianit A. (28 June 2017). "Separation of Cr(VI) From Aqueous Solutions by Natural Bentonite: Equilibrium Study". Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON. 15 (1–2). doi:10.7251/QOL1701041M.

[3] Reka, Arianit; Anovski, Todor; Bogoevski, Slobodan; Pavlovski, Blagoj; Boškovski, Boško (29 December 2014). "Physical-chemical and mineralogical-petrographic examinations of diatomite from deposit near village of Rožden, Republic of Macedonia". Geologica Macedonica. 28 (2): 121–126. ISSN 1857-8586.

[Sturt_et_al-4] Sturt, B.A.; Gautneb, H.; Heldal, T.; Nilss, L.P. (2002). "Industrial minerals associated with ultramafic rocks in Norway". In Scott P.W.; Bristow C.M. (eds.). Industrial Minerals and Extractive Industry Geology: Based on Papers Presented at the Combined 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals and 11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference, Bath, England, 7th-12th May, 2000. Geological Society of London. p. 47. ISBN 9781862390997.

[5] Reka, Arianit A.; Pavlovski, Blagoj; Lisichkov, Kiril; Jashari, Ahmed; Boev, Blazo; Boev, Ivan; Lazarova, Maja; Eskizeybek, Volkan; Oral, Ayhan; Jovanovski, Gligor; Makreski, Petre (23 October 2019). "Chemical, mineralogical and structural features of native and expanded perlite from Macedonia". Geologia Croatica. 72 (3): 215–221. doi:10.4154/gc.2019.18.

[6] Hatzilazaridou, K. (2002). "A review of Greek industrial minerals". In Scott P.W.; Bristow C.M. (eds.). Industrial Minerals and Extractive Industry Geology: Based on Papers Presented at the Combined 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals and 11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference, Bath, England, 7th-12th May, 2000. Geological Society of London. p. 115. ISBN 9781862390997.

[7] Cekova, Blagica. "Structural examinations of natural raw materials pumice and trepel from Republic of Macedonia". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[Scott_&_Bristow-8] Scott, P.W.; Bristow, C.M. (2002). Industrial Minerals and Extractive Industry Geology: Based on Papers Presented at the Combined 36th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals and 11th Extractive Industry Geology Conference, Bath, England, 7th-12th May, 2000. Geological Society of London. p. 1. ISBN 9781862390997.

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Examples and applications

List of industrial minerals by name

See also

References

External links