Josutu League
The Josutu League (Mongolian: ǰosutu-yin čiɣulɣan, ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ Chinese: 卓索圖盟; pinyin: Zhuōsuǒtú Méng) was the southernmost league of Inner Mongolia during Qing rule. It occupied land that forms part of the modern-day Chinese provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, and Chifeng in China's Inner Mongolia.
The name of Josutu was named after a place in the Tumed Right (wing) Banner (not Tumed Right Banner), where Mongol princes regularly gathered together to administer inter-banner affairs.
Divisions
[edit]The Josutu League consisted of two ayimag or five banners.
- Tümed ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ (or Eastern Tümed): two banners
- Tümed Left Wing Banner (Mongghuljin Banner), led by descendants of Jelme
- Tümed Right Wing Banner, led by descendants of the Chinggisid Altan Khan
- Kharachin ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ: three banners, all of which were led by descendants of Jelme
In addition, the Khalkha Banner (Tangghud-Khaklha Banner) was split from the Tümed Left Banner in 1913 under the Republic of China.
Dissolution
[edit]The league was dissolved in 1933 by the Manchukuo government. Its territory is now distributed among the modern administrative regions:
- Fuxin County from the Tümed Left Banner.
- Chaoyang County from the Tümed Right Banner.
- Lingyuan (or Jianchang) County from the Kharachin Left Banner.
- Pingquan County annexed a large portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners.
- Jianping County corresponds to an eastern portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners.
There remain two Mongol autonomous counties in Liaoning.
- Some portion of the former Tümed Left Banner became Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, Fuxin City.
- The remaining portion of the former Kharachin Left Banner became Kharachin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County, Chaoyang City.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Yamazaki Sōyo 山崎惣與, Manshū-koku chimei daijiten 滿洲國地名大辭典, p.556,758, 1941.