closure

See also: Clojure

English

Etymology

From Middle English closure, from Old French closure, from Late Latin clausura, from Latin claudere (“to close”); see clausure and cloture (etymological doublets) and close.

Pronunciation

• enPR: klō'zhər
  • (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkləʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
  • (US) IPA^(key): /ˈkloʊ.ʒɚ/

    • Audio (US):

      (file)

  • (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈkləʉ.ʒə(ɹ)/
• Rhymes: (UK) -əʊʒə(ɹ)

Noun

closure (countable and uncountable, plural closures)

1. An event or occurrence that signifies an ending.
2. A feeling of completeness; the experience of an emotional conclusion, usually to a difficult period.
3. A device to facilitate temporary and repeatable opening and closing.
5. (programming) An abstraction that represents a function within an environment, a context consisting of the variables that are both bound at a particular time during the execution of the program and that are within the function's scope.
6. (mathematics) The smallest set that both includes a given subset and possesses some given property.
7. (topology, of a set) The smallest closed set which contains the given set.
   • 1955 [Van Nostrand Reinhold], John L. Kelley, General Topology, 2017, Dover, page 42,

     The closure (${\mathfrak {T}}$-closure) of a subset A of a topological space $(X,{\mathfrak {T}})$ is the intersection of the members of the family of all closed sets containing A. […]

     7 THEOREM The closure of any set is the union of the set and the set of its accumulation points.

8. The act of shutting; a closing.

   the closure of a door, or of a chink

9. The act of shutting or closing something permanently or temporarily.

   The closure of Hammersmith Bridge means road traffic has to use Chiswick and Putney Bridges instead.

   • 1960 December, B. Perren, “The role of the Great Central—present and future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 765:

     Those who have advocated the closure of the G.C. have so far failed to say by which alternative route this North-to-West traffic could be carried.

   • 2021 October 20, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and pleasure on the Far North Line”, in RAIL, number 942, page 48:

     Despite the line proving to be a useful strategic route for men and supplies to the British naval fleets stationed at Scapa Flow in both world wars, the Duke's legacy looked to have passed into history when it was listed for closure in the infamous Beeching report.

10. That which closes or shuts; that by which separate parts are fastened or closed.

    Synonym: fastener

    • 1729 November 28, Alexander Pope, Letter to Jonathan Swift, 1824, The Works of Jonathan Swift: Containing Additional Letters, Volume 17, 2nd Edition, page 284,

      I admire on this consideration your sending your last to me quite open, without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever, manifesting the utter openness of the writer.

11. (obsolete) That which encloses or confines; an enclosure.
    • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

      O thou bloody prison […] / Within the guilty closure of thy walls / Richard the Second here was hacked to death.

12. (politics) A method of ending a parliamentary debate and securing an immediate vote upon a measure before a legislative body.
13. (sociology) The phenomenon by which a group maintains its resources by the exclusion of others based on various criteria. ^Wp
14. The process whereby the reader of a comic book infers the sequence of events by looking at the picture panels.
    • 2009, Randy Duncan, Matthew J. Smith, The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture, page 166:

      The comic book reader performs closure within each panel, between panels, and among panels.

16. (food packaging industry) The element of packaging that closes a container.

    Hyponyms: bottlecap, bottle cap, bottletop, bottle top, cap, lid, top

Hyponyms

• (computing): function closure, lexical closure
• (device): clasp, hasp, latch, hook and eye

Troponyms

• (computer science) thunk

Derived terms

• algebraic closure
• Clojure
• closureless
• closure operator
• closure space
• closure temperature
• deductive closure
• harp closure
• kangaroo closure
• Kleene closure
• microclosure
• misclosure
• nonclosure
• openture
• overclosure
• postclosure
• preclosure
• reclosure
• semiclosure
• subclosure
• transitive closure

Translations

event signifying an ending

• Bulgarian: закриване (bg) n (zakrivane)
• Catalan: clausura (ca) f
• Czech: uzavření (cs) n, uzavírka f
• Dutch: beëindiging (nl), afsluiting (nl), sluiting (nl)
• Finnish: sulkeminen (fi), lopettaminen (fi)
• German: Schließung (de) f
• Italian: chiusura (it) f, termine (it) f
• Malayalam: സമാപനം (ml) (samāpanaṁ), അടച്ചുപൂട്ടൽ (aṭaccupūṭṭal)
• Nepali: [script needed] (banda)
• Portuguese: encerramento (pt) m, fecho (pt) m, término (pt) m
• Romanian: închidere (ro) f
• Russian: оконча́ние (ru) (okončánije), закры́тие (ru) (zakrýtije)
• Scottish Gaelic: dùnadh m
• Spanish: cierre (es) m, conclusión (es) f, clausura (es) f
• Swedish: avslutning (sv) c, avrundning (sv) c

feeling of completeness

• German: Abschluss (de) m
• Portuguese: término (pt) m, final (pt) m, desfecho (pt) m
• Spanish: cierre (es) m

device to facilitate opening and closing

• Finnish: suljin (fi), sulkija (fi)
• German: Schloss (de) n, Verschluss (de) m
• Malayalam: അടപ്പ് (ml) (aṭappŭ)
• Spanish: cierre (es) m

programming: type of abstraction

• Catalan: clausura (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 閉包 / 闭包 (zh) (bìbāo)

• Finnish: sulkeuma; klosuuri (rare)
• French: fermeture (fr)
• German: Closure, Funktionsabschluss m
• Icelandic: lokun (is) f
• Italian: chiusura (it) f
• Japanese: 関数閉包 (かんすうへいほう, kansū-heihō), クロージャ (kurōja)
• Persian: بستار (fa), بستماندیک
• Portuguese: clausura (pt) f
• Spanish: clausura (es) f, cerradura (es) f

mathematics: type of set

• Bulgarian: обвивка (bg) f (obvivka)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 閉包 / 闭包 (zh) (bìbāo)

• Czech: uzávěr (cs) m
• Danish: afslutning (da) c
• Finnish: sulkeuma
• French: fermeture (fr)
• German: Hülle (de) f
• Hungarian: lezárt (hu)
• Icelandic: lokun (is) f
• Irish: iamh an tacair m
• Italian: chiusura (it) f
• Japanese: 閉包 (ja) (へいほう, heihō), 閉苞 (へいほう, heihō)
• Polish: domknięcie n
• Portuguese: fechamento (pt) m
• Romanian: închidere (ro) f
• Spanish: clausura (es) f, cierre (es) m
• Swedish: hölje (sv) n

topology: type of set

• Finnish: sulkeuma
• Icelandic: lokaður hjúpur m
• Spanish: clausura (es) f, adherencia (es) f, cerradura (es) f, cierre (es) m

act of shutting; a closing

• Finnish: sulkeminen (fi)
• German: Schließen (de) n
• Maori: katinga
• Spanish: clausura (es) f, cierre (es) m, conclusión (es) f, terminación (es) f, cese (es) m, término (es) m

act of shutting or closing something permanently or temporarily

• Finnish: sulkeminen (fi)

that which closes or shuts — see fastener

that which encloses — see enclosure

politics: method of ending a parliamentary debate and securing an immediate vote

• Finnish: klosuuri

sociology: phenomenon by which a group maintains its resources by the exclusion of others

process whereby the reader of a comic book infers the sequence of events

food packaging industry: element of packaging that closes a container

• Finnish: suljin (fi)

See also

• cloture

References

• closure on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Verb

closure (third-person singular simple present closures, present participle closuring, simple past and past participle closured)

1. (transitive, politics) To end the parliamentary debate on (an issue) by closure.
   • 1893, The New Review, volume 9, page 119:

     At any time they could have stopped discussion by closuring amendments and by closuring the clause under discussion.

Anagrams

• Clouser, colures