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Egyptian

FWOTD – 19 August 2017

Pronunciation

(verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /waˈʕab/ → /waˈʕab/ → /wəˈʕab/ → /wəˈʕap/

(noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwiːʕab/ → /ˈwiːʕab/ → /ˈweːʕəb/ → /ˈweːʕəβ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɑːb/
- Conventional anglicization: wab

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to be(come) pure or clean
- c. 13th Dynasty, Naos of Hori, Kunsthistorisches Museum 186, Vienna:
  
  ḫt nbt nfrt wꜥbt ꜥnḫt nṯr jm
  […] all things good and pure on which a god lives.
(reflexive) to purify or bathe (oneself)

Inflection

Conjugation of wꜥb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜥb, geminated stem: wꜥbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
wꜥb	wꜥbw, wꜥb	wꜥbt	wꜥb	wꜥb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
wꜥb	ḥr wꜥb	m wꜥb	r wꜥb

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wꜥb.n	wꜥbw, wꜥb	consecutive	wꜥb.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	wꜥb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	wꜥbt
perfective³	wꜥb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	wꜥb.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	wꜥb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	wꜥb.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	wꜥb	wꜥbb	potentialis¹	wꜥb.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	wꜥb	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	wꜥb	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wꜥb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	wꜥb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	wꜥb	wꜥb, wꜥbw⁵, wꜥby⁵
imperfective	wꜥb, wꜥby, wꜥbw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	wꜥb, wꜥbj⁶, wꜥby⁶	wꜥb, wꜥbw⁵
prospective	wꜥb, wꜥbtj⁷	—	wꜥbtj⁴, wꜥbt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁⲡ (ouap)
Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲟⲡ (ouop)
Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁⲃ^† (ouab^†)
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲃ^† (oueeb^†), ⲟⲩⲉⲃ^† (oueb^†), ⲟⲩⲉϥ^† (ouef^†), ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ^† (ouēēb^†)

Adjective

perfective active participle of wꜥb: pure, clean

Inflection

Declension of wꜥb (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	wꜥb	wꜥbt
dual	wꜥbwj	wꜥbtj
plural	wꜥbw	wꜥbwt¹, wꜥbt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Noun

m

the lowest level of priest, literally a “cleaner”, responsible for cleaning and purifying the temple and preparing ritual offerings
- c. 2015 B.C.E., Meru, Stela of Meru (Turin 1447), textfield lines 2-4:
  
  j ꜥnḫw tp(j)w tꜣ
  wnnt(j).s⟨n⟩ m šmsw n(j) ḫnt(j)-jmntjw n(j) wp-wꜣwt mrrw ꜥnḫ msḏḏw ḫpt
  wꜥbw nw nṯr-ꜥꜣ ḥmw-nṯr nbw nw ꜣbḏw
  O living ones who are on the earth,
  who will be in the retinue of Khentamentiu and Wepwawet, who love life and hate dying,
  cleaner-priests of the elder god and all priests of Abydos!

Inflection

Declension of wꜥb (masculine)

singular	wꜥb
dual	wꜥbwj
plural	wꜥbw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜥb

wꜥb

Descendants

Demotic: ⁠⁠ (wꜥb)
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲓⲉⲓⲃⲉ (ouieibe), ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲃⲉ (oueibe), ⲟⲩⲓⲃⲉ (ouibe)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲏⲃ (ouēb)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ (ouēēb), ⲟⲩⲏⲃ (ouēb), ⲟⲩⲉⲃ (oueb), ⲟⲩⲉϥ (ouef), ⲟⲩⲏⲉⲃ (ouēeb)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ (ouēēb)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ (ouēēb)

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 58, 62, 74, 118, 362.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 41, 54

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 30, 41

[Loprieno-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 30, 41

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Egyptian==
-{{was fwotd|2017|August|19|lang=egy}}
+{{was fwotd|egy|2017|August|19}}
 ===Pronunciation===
+{{egy-IPA-R|q=verb|o=waˈʕab|m=waˈʕab|ml=wəˈʕab|l=wəˈʕap
+|onote=&#x20;{{q|infinitive}}; {{IPA|egy|/waʕba-/}} {{q|stative stem}}<ref name=Loprieno>{{R:egy:Loprieno|30, 41}}</ref>
+|mnote=&#x20;{{q|infinitive}}
+|mlnote=&#x20;{{q|infinitive}}
+|lnote=&#x20;{{q|infinitive}}}}
+{{egy-IPA-R|q=noun|o=ˈwiːʕab|m=ˈwiːʕab|ml=ˈweːʕəb|l=ˈweːʕəβ
+|onote=<ref name=Loprieno/>}}
 {{egy-IPA-E}}
-===Adjective===
+===Verb===
-{{egy-adj|head=<hiero>wab-mw</hiero>}}
+{{egy-verb|3-lit|head=<hiero>wab-mw</hiero>}}
-# [[pure]], [[clean]]
+# {{lb|egy|intransitive}} to be(come) [[pure]] or [[clean]]
 #* '''c. 13th Dynasty''', Naos of Hori, Kunsthistorisches Museum 186, Vienna:
 #*: {{quote|egy|<hiero>x*t:nb nfr-t wab-t-mw anx-t nTr i-m</hiero>|tr=ḫt nbt nfrt '''wꜥbt''' ꜥnḫt nṯr jm|{{...}} all things good and '''pure''' on which a god lives.}}
+# {{lb|egy|reflexive}} to [[purify]] or [[bathe]] (oneself)
+====Inflection====
+{{egy-conj-3-lit|wꜥb|wꜥbb}}
+====Derived terms====
+* {{l|egy|jꜣt wꜥbt}}
+* {{l|egy|wꜥbw}}
+* {{l|egy|swꜥb}}
+====Descendants====
+* {{desc|cop-akh|ⲟⲩⲁⲡ}}
+* {{desc|cop-sah|ⲟⲩⲟⲡ}}
+* {{desc|cop-boh|ⲟⲩⲁⲃ <alt:ⲟⲩⲁⲃ{{sup|†}}>}}
+* {{desc|cop-fay|ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲃ <alt:ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲃ{{sup|†}}>|ⲟⲩⲉⲃ <alt:ⲟⲩⲉⲃ{{sup|†}}>|ⲟⲩⲉϥ <alt:ⲟⲩⲉϥ{{sup|†}}>|ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ <alt:ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ{{sup|†}}>}}
+===Adjective===
+{{egy-adj|head=<hiero>wab-mw</hiero>}}
+# {{egy-verb form of|wꜥb|pfv|act|ptcp}}: [[pure]], [[clean]]
 ====Inflection====
-{{egy-decl-adj|wꜥb}}
+{{egy-decl-adj|wꜥb|ptcp=pa}}
 ===Noun===
@@ Line 20: / Line 47: @@
 # the lowest level of [[priest]], literally a “cleaner”, responsible for cleaning and purifying the [[temple]] and preparing [[ritual]] [[offering]]s
 #* '''c. 2015 {{B.C.E.}}''', [[w:Meru (overseer of sealers)|Meru]], ''Stela of Meru'' (Turin 1447), textfield lines 2-4:
-#*: {{quote|egy|<hiero>i-A1-anx-w-A1-Z3-tp:p-w-tA:N23</hiero><br><hiero>wn-n:n:t-s-m-S-s-Sms-n:xnt-t-R13-tyw-A44-n:wp-N31:N31:N31-E16-U7:r:r-w-anx-n:x-ms-D:D-w-x:p-t:D54</hiero><br><hiero>A6-A1-Z3-nw-w-nTr-O29V-A40-nTr-Hm-A1-Z3-nb:n-Ab-b-Dw:niwt</hiero>|tr=j ꜥnḫw tp(j)w tꜣ<br>wnnt(j).s⟨n⟩ m šmsw n(j) ḫnt(j)-jmntjw n(j) wp-wꜣwt mrrw ꜥnḫ msḏḏw ḫpt<br>'''wꜥbw''' nw nṯr ꜥꜣ ḥmw-nṯr nbw nw ꜣbḏw|O living ones who are on the earth,<br>who will be in the retinue of Khentamentiu and Wepwawet, who love life and hate dying,<br>'''cleaner-priests''' of the great god and all priests of Abydos!}}
+#*: {{quote|egy|<hiero>i-A1-anx-w-A1-Z3-tp:p-w-tA:N23</hiero><br><hiero>wn-n:n:t-s-m-S-s-Sms-n:xnt-t-R13-tyw-A44-n:wp-N31:N31:N31-E16-U7:r:r-w-anx-n:x-ms-D:D-w-x:p-t:D54</hiero><br><hiero>A6-A1-Z3-nw-w-nTr-O29V-A40-nTr-Hm-A1-Z3-nb:n-Ab-b-Dw:niwt</hiero>|tr=j ꜥnḫw tp(j)w tꜣ<br>wnnt(j).s⟨n⟩ m šmsw n(j) ḫnt(j)-jmntjw n(j) wp-wꜣwt mrrw ꜥnḫ msḏḏw ḫpt<br>'''wꜥbw''' nw nṯr-ꜥꜣ ḥmw-nṯr nbw nw ꜣbḏw|O living ones who are on the earth,<br>who will be in the retinue of Khentamentiu and Wepwawet, who love life and hate dying,<br>'''cleaner-priests''' of the elder god and all priests of Abydos!}}
 ====Inflection====
@@ Line 27: / Line 54: @@
 ====Alternative forms====
 {{egy-hieroforms
-|<hiero>A6-A1</hiero>|read1=wꜥb}}
+|<hiero>A6-A1</hiero>|read1=wꜥb
+|<hiero>wab-mw-A1</hiero>|read2=wꜥb}}
 ====Descendants====
-* {{desc|egx-dem|wꜥb}}
+* {{desc|egx-dem||alt={{t2i-Egyd|wꜥb|Z1|N36-N23}}|tr={{l|egx-dem|wꜥb}}}}
-** Coptic: {{alter|cop|ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ||Sahidic|Fayyumic|Lycopolitan}}, {{alter|cop|ⲟⲩⲏⲃ||Bohairic|Fayyumic}}, {{l|cop|ⲟⲩⲓⲉⲓⲃⲉ}}, {{l|cop|ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲃⲉ}}, {{alter|cop|ⲟⲩⲓⲃⲉ||Akhmimic}}, {{l|cop|ⲟⲩⲉⲃ}}, {{l|cop|ⲟⲩⲉϥ}}, {{alter|cop|ⲟⲩⲏⲉⲃ||Fayyumic}}
+** {{desc|cop-akh|ⲟⲩⲓⲉⲓⲃⲉ|ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲃⲉ|ⲟⲩⲓⲃⲉ}}
+** {{desc|cop-boh|ⲟⲩⲏⲃ}}
+** {{desc|cop-fay|ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ|ⲟⲩⲏⲃ|ⲟⲩⲉⲃ|ⲟⲩⲉϥ|ⲟⲩⲏⲉⲃ}}
+** {{desc|cop-lyc|ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ}}
+** {{desc|cop-sah|ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ}}
 ===References===
-* {{R:egy:Allen}}
+* {{R:egy:Allen|58, 62, 74, 118, 362}}
+* {{R:egy:Hoch|41, 54}}
+<references/>