-d

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English

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Suffix

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-d

  1. Alternative form of -ed now only standard with words which end in -e, but historically permissable in all the same places as -ed.
    bone → boned, pirouette → pirouetted, learnlearnd
  2. An empty suffix, perhaps derived from the past-tense suffix above, added in some dialects to the present tense forms of some words which then add an additional -ed in the past tense.
    damn → damnd (→ damnded), drowndrownd (→ drownded)
  3. Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "second" or "third"
    2d grade; 23d century

Synonyms

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  • (marking ordinals ending with "second"): -nd
  • (marking ordinals ending with "third"): -rd

Faroese

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Etymology

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From Old Norse -d, , from Proto-Germanic *-iþō.

Suffix

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-d f (genitive -dar, plural -dir)

  1. -th, -ness

Declension

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Declension of -d
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative -d -din -dir -dirnar
accusative -d -dina -dir -dirnar
dative -d -dini -dum -dunum
genitive -dar -darinnar -da -danna

Derived terms

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Fula

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Affix

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-d

  1. (Pulaar) indicates that the action is performed with someone or something
    haalde (to say, speak) + ‎-d → ‎haaldude (to talk to each other, negotiate, transact)

Usage notes

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  • placed between the verb stem and the ending

References

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  • M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.

Hungarian

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Etymology 1

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From the *mtᴕ̈ second-person personal pronoun of the ancestor language after it was appended to the base word.

Suffix

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-d

  1. (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular informal, single possession)
    hajó (boat)a hajód (your boat)
    kocsi (car)a kocsid (your car)
    palota (palace)a palotád (your palace)
    érme (coin)az érméd (your coin)
  2. (personal suffix) Second-person singular personal suffix:
    1. Definite forms of transitive verbs (followed by a linking vowel in indicative present/past and subjunctive moods; with no linking vowel in conditional mood).
      tud (to know) → ‎tudod, tudtad, tudjad, tudnád (you know / knew / should know / would know it)
      kér (to ask [for sth]) → ‎kéred, kérted, kérjed, kérnéd (you ask / asked / should ask / would ask for it)
    2. Combined form of a covert (∅) allophone of -j (subjunctive suffix) and the regular suffix -(a/e)d (above), marking the short form of the above person of the definite subjunctive (attached directly to a verb stem).
      tud + ‎-d → ‎tudd (= tudjad (you should know it)
      kér + ‎-d → ‎kérd (= kérjed) (you should ask for it)
    3. Forming conjugated infinitives (here: “for you to do sth”).
      tanulni (to study) + ‎-d → ‎tanulnod kell (you need to study, literally for_you_to_study is_necessary)
      Csak kérned kell.All you have to do is ask [for it]. (literally, “only for_you_to_ask is_necessary”)
    4. Declined and postpositional forms of the second-person personal pronoun te (you).
      -ban/-ben (in) + ‎-d → ‎benned (in you)
      elé (in front of) + ‎-d → ‎eléd (in front of you)
Usage notes
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  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
  • (personal suffix) See variants in the table below.

Etymology 2

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It can be traced back to Proto-Finno-Ugric *-nt.[1]

Suffix

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-d

  1. (noun-forming suffix) Originally, it was probably a diminutive suffix. In this sense, it is no longer productive. It can be found in place names, given names, and a few other words.
    apró (tiny)apród (page boy)
    gyenge (weak)gyengéd (gentle)
    Árpád (a male given name)
  2. (verb-forming suffix) A frequentative suffix or denoting the beginning of a process.
    -dék
    imád
    szenved
  3. (fraction-forming suffix) Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction. It is used with a linking vowel, see -ad, -od, -ed, -öd.
    száz (hundred)század (hundredth)
Derived terms
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ -d in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Lushootseed

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Suffix

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-d

  1. denotes an action performed on someone or something else (transitive suffix; allows for a direct complement patient, creating a patient-oriented verb)

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-d

  1. Alternative form of -th

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-d

  1. Alternative form of -the (ordinal suffix)

Ojibwe

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Final

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-d

  1. act on

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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Suffix

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-d

  1. A suffix denoting the third-person singular conjunct form of an animate intransitive verb (vai)
  2. A suffix denoting the third-person singular conjunct form of an animate intransitive verb with an object (vai+o)
  3. A suffix denoting the third-person singular conjunct form of a Type 3 inanimate transitive verb (vti3)
  4. A suffix denoting the third-person singular to first-person singular conjunct form of a transitive animate verb (vta) with Cw ending

See also

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Swedish

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Suffix

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-d

  1. Suffix to form the past participle of weakly inflected verbs, to be used when the corresponding participle belongs with a common noun in indefinite singular form.

See also

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