菫

See also: 堇

菫 U+83EB, 菫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83EB ← 菪 [U+83EA] CJK Unified Ideographs 菬 → [U+83EC]

Translingual

Japanese	菫
Simplified	堇
Traditional	蓳/菫/堇

Han character

菫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿一中一 (TMLM), four-corner 4410₄)

Derived characters

• 𦻠, 𪨒, 𮧧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1039, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31207
• Dae Jaweon: page 1497, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 5, page 3231, character 2
• Unihan data for U+83EB

Chinese

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 菫 – see 蓳 (“Viola verecunda, a kind of violet.”). (This character is a variant form of 蓳).

Compounds

• 三色菫／三色堇 (sānsèjǐn)
• 紫菫／紫堇
• 菫斟／堇斟
• 菫色／堇色
• 菫荼／堇荼
• 菫菜／堇菜
• 非洲菫／非洲堇

 

Japanese

Kanji

菫

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. the violet

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin)
• Kun: すみれ (sumire, 菫)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
菫
すみれ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
菫菜 菫葵

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) すみれ [sùmíré] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [sɨmʲiɾe̞]

Noun

菫(すみれ) or 菫(スミレ) • (sumire) 

1. Viola mandshurica, a species of violet
2. a viola (any of several flowering plants of the genus Viola)

   Synonym: 菫草 (sumire-gusa)

   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 9, page 48:

     菫菜 本草云、菫菜俗謂之菫葵、上音謹、須美禮

     Violet- The Materia medicia calls them 'violet greens', people commonly call them 'violet mallows', the above sound is jin, Japanese name sumire

   • 1617: Gennabon Kagakushū (page 98)

     菫菜(スミレ)

3. Clipping of 菫色 (sumire iro).
4. a 紋 (mon, “crest”) in the shape of violet leaves or flowers

Derived terms

• 菫色(すみれいろ) (sumireiro)
• スミレ科(か) (sumireka)
• 菫草(すみれぐさ) (sumiregusa)
• 茜菫(アカネスミレ) (akane sumire)
• 小菫(コスミレ) (kosumire)
• 桜菫(サクラスミレ) (sakura sumire)
• 三色菫(サンショクスミレ) (sanshoku sumire)
• 白菫(シロスミレ) (shiro sumire)
• 壺菫(ツボスミレ) (tsubo sumire)
• 野路菫(ノジスミレ) (noji sumire)
• 日蔭菫(ヒカゲスミレ) (hikage sumire)
• 姫菫(ヒメスミレ) (hime sumire)
• 虫取菫(ムシトリスミレ) (mushitori sumire)

Proper noun

菫(すみれ) • (Sumire) 

1. a female given name

References

• Kamei, Takashi (1944) [1617] Kagakushū: Gennabon, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
• Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

菫 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)

1. celery
2. aconite