Template:fr-adjective

fr-adjective (plural fr-adjectives)

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The following documentation is located at Template:fr-adjective/documentation. ^[edit]

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Usage

Use this template to show the headword line of French adjectives, including all the inflections. It uses Module:fr-headword as a back-end.

The template adds the entry to Category:French adjectives. As with other Wiktionary part of speech templates, please do not use subst:.

This template contains the necessary meta-data to allow users who are using accelerated editing to create any grammatical forms semi-automatically.

Basic examples

Most of the time, no parameters are necessary. E.g. for clair (“clear”), use:

{{fr-adj}}

which produces

clair (feminine claire, masculine plural clairs, feminine plural claires)

The module knows how to generate the correct feminine and plural in most cases. E.g. for an adjective in -e such as ordinaire (“ordinary”), use:

{{fr-adj}}

which produces

ordinaire (plural ordinaires)

Note how the module knows that the feminine of adjectives in -e is the same as the masculine, and both the masculine and feminine plural are in -s.

The module knows how to handle many special cases in generating the feminine and plural. For example, for national (“national”), use:

{{fr-adj}}

which produces

national (feminine nationale, masculine plural nationaux, feminine plural nationales)

Here, the module knows that the masculine plural of adjectives in -al ends in -aux, while the feminine plural ends in -ales.

Similarly, for premier, use:

{{fr-adj}}

which produces

premier (feminine première, masculine plural premiers, feminine plural premières)

Here, the module knows that the feminine singular of adjectives in -er ends in -ère, and the feminine plural in -ères.

Overrides

You can explicitly specify the feminine using |f=. For example, for andalou (“Andalusian”), with irregular feminine andalouse, use:

{{fr-adj|f=andalouse}}

which produces

andalou (feminine andalouse, masculine plural andalous, feminine plural andalouses)

Note that when the feminine is explicitly specified but the feminine plural is defaulted, the specified feminine(s) will be used to form the feminine plural(s), as shown.

You can similarly override the masculine plural using |mp=, and the feminine plural using |fp=. An example that uses all three is grec-orthodoxe (“Greek Orthodox”), where both parts are inflected:

{{fr-adj|f=grecque-orthodoxe|mp=grecs-orthodoxes|fp=grecques-orthodoxes}}

which produces

grec-orthodoxe (feminine grecque-orthodoxe, masculine plural grecs-orthodoxes, feminine plural grecques-orthodoxes)

There are various shortcuts that can be used in override arguments:

• + requests the default value(s) explicitly.
• # stands for the lemma.
• e, s, x by themselves stand for the lemma with e, s or x added to the end, respectively.

An example that uses such codes is amateur, with three feminine singulars: amateur, amateure and amatrice:

{{fr-adj|f=#|f2=e|f3=+}}

which produces

amateur (feminine amateur or amateure or amatrice, masculine plural amateurs, feminine plural amateurs or amateures or amatrices)

Here, # requests the lemma amateur; e requests the lemma plus e, producing amateure; and + requests the default, which replaces -teur with -trice. Note how all three feminines are used to form the corresponding feminine plurals.

Adjectives with special masculine singular forms used before vowels

Certain adjectives, such as vieux (“old”), nouveau (“new”) and beau (“beautiful”), have a special form used in the masculine singular before vowels. To indicate this, use |mv=, e.g. for vieux:

{{fr-adj|mv=vieil|f=vieille}}

which produces

vieux (masculine singular before vowel vieil, feminine vieille, masculine plural vieux, feminine plural vieilles)

It is unnecessary to specify the masculine or feminine plural here, because the default rules suffice (e.g. adjectives in -x have an unchanged masculine plural).

Adjectives the same in masculine and feminine

Adjectives in -e, such as ordinaire, are typically the same in the masculine and feminine. For these adjectives, the module generates only a single plural form, which can be overridden if necessary using |p=. A few adjectives not in -e behave the same way; to specify this, use mf as the value of the first numbered parameter. An example is chic (“chic”), with two plurals chic and chics:

{{fr-adj|mf|p=#|p2=s}}

which produces

chic (plural chic or chics)

This uses the shortcuts described above.

Conversely, a few adjectives in -e do not have the feminine the same as the masculine. For those, specify the feminine explicitly and the module will know to generate separate masculine and feminine singulars and plurals. An example is sécrétoire (“secretory”), with feminine sécrétrice:

{{fr-adj|f=sécrétrice}}

which produces

sécrétoire (feminine sécrétoire, masculine plural sécrétoires, feminine plural sécrétoires)

Invariable and defective adjectives

Use |inv=1 for invariable adjectives, e.g. antichoc (“shockproof”):

{{fr-adj|inv=1}}

which produces

antichoc (invariable)

Use |onlyg= for defective adjectives, i.e. those present only in certain genders or numbers, e.g. crestou, only found in the masculine singular in pain crestou (“a type of granary bread”), and premiers entre eux (“coprime”), only found in the plural. The possible values are:

• m: Only masculine (|mp= supported to override the masculine plural).
• f: Only feminine (|fp= supported to override the feminine plural).
• p: Only plural (|fp= supported to override the feminine plural).
• m-s: Only masculine singular.
• f-s: Only feminine singular.

An example is premiers entre eux (“coprime”):

{{fr-adj|onlyg=p|fp=premières entre elles}}

which produces

premiers entre eux (plural only, feminine plural premières entre elles)

Multiword expressions

Multiword expressions use an intelligent algorithm to form the feminine and the plural. Specifically, if a known preposition is seen, the algorithm forms the feminine or plural only of the preceding word; otherwise, it forms the feminine or plural of the first and last word of the expression. (If multiple words precede a preposition, the algorithm forms the feminine or plural of the first and last such word.) The recognized prepositions are:

• à, au, aux
• de, du, des, d’
• en, dans
• sous, sur
• avec
• pour, par
• contre
• sans
• comme
• jusqu’

Note that all prepositions must be preceded by a space to be recognized, and all except d’ and jusqu’ must be followed by a space.

An example is bon pour le service (“good to go; able-bodied”):

{{fr-adj}}

which produces

bon pour le service (feminine bonne pour le service, masculine plural bons pour le service, feminine plural bonnes pour le service)

Note how the word bon before the preposition pour is inflected automatically according to the default rules.

An example without a preposition is clair et net (“cut-and-dried”):

{{fr-adj}}

which produces

clair et net (feminine claire et nette, masculine plural clairs et nets, feminine plural claires et nettes)

Here, the first and last word are inflected according to the default rules.

Some multiword terms inflect differently from the above rules. Use |sp= to specify which word or words inflect in a multiword adjective:

• Use |sp=first if only the first word inflects.
• Use |sp=last if only the last word inflects.
• Use |sp=first-last if the first and last word inflect.
• Use |sp=each if all words inflect.
• Use |sp=first-second if the first and second words inflect.
• Use |sp=second if only the second word inflects.

Examples:

For bien élevé (“well-mannered”), use |sp=last:

{{fr-adj|sp=last}}

which produces

bien élevé (feminine bien élevée, masculine plural bien élevés, feminine plural bien élevées)

For tel que (“such as, like”), use |sp=first:

{{fr-adj|sp=first}}

which produces

tel que (feminine telle que, masculine plural tels que, feminine plural telles que)

For non content de (“not happy with ...”), use |sp=second:

{{fr-adj|sp=second}}

which produces

non content de (feminine non contente de, masculine plural non contents de, feminine plural non contentes de)

If a multiword adjective has only two forms (singular and plural), you must use |1=mf; no such terms are autodetected. An example is simple d’esprit (“simple-minded”):

{{fr-adj|mf}}

which produces

simple d’esprit (plural simples d’esprit)

You can combine |1=mf with |sp= if necessary.

Comparatives and superlatives

Use |comp= to specify an explicit comparative, and |sup= to specify an explicit superlative. Use |comp2=, |comp3=, ... for additional comparatives, and |sup2=, |sup3=, ... for additional superlatives. For example, for bon (“good”), use:

{{fr-adj|comp=meilleur|sup=le meilleur}}

which produces

bon (feminine bonne, masculine plural bons, feminine plural bonnes, comparative meilleur, superlative le meilleur)

Parameters

|head=, |head2=, |head3=, ...

Explicitly specified headword(s), for introducing links in multiword expressions. Note that by default each word of a multiword lemma is linked, so you only need to use this when the default links don't suffice (e.g. the multiword expression consists of non-lemma forms, which need to be linked to their lemmas).

|f=, |f2=, |f3=, ...

Explicit feminine singular(s). Normally, let the module autogenerate the feminine singular form. Use + to explicitly request the default; # to set the feminine singular the same as the lemma (i.e. the masculine singular); and e to request the lemma + -e.

|mp=, |mp2=, |mp3=, ...

Explicit masculine plural(s). Normally, let the module autogenerate the masculine plural form. Use + to explicitly request the default; # to set the masculine plural the same as the lemma (i.e. the masculine singular); and s or x to request the lemma + this letter.

|fp=, |fp2=, |fp3=, ...

Explicit feminine plural(s). Normally, let the module autogenerate the feminine plural form, which it does by pluralizing the feminine singular(s) (explicitly given or defaulted). Use + to explicitly request the default; and # to set the feminine plural the same as the lemma (i.e. the masculine singular). But if you are tempted to do this, you probably want |inv=1 instead.

|mv=, |mv2=, ...

Masculine singular form used only before a vowel, e.g. vieil for vieux. Only applies to a handful of entries.

|m=, |m2=, ...

Explicit masculine singular(s), if different from the lemma. Rarely needed. An example where this is used is sûr de soi, with masculine singular either sûr de soi or sûr de lui.

|1=mf

Indicate the the masculine and feminine are the same in the singular and plural. Autodetected for single-word adjectives ending in -e.

|p=, |p2=, ...

Irregular plural inflection for adjectives with |1=mf.

|inv=1

Specify that the adjective is invariable.

|onlyg=

Specify that the adjective is defective and only inflects in certain genders and/or numbers. See above.

|sp=

Specify the part(s) of a multiword adjective that inflect. Those parts will be inflected according to the default rules. See examples above.

|comp=, |comp2=, |comp3=, ...

Comparative form(s).

|sup=, |sup2=, |sup3=, ...

Superlative form(s).

|nolinkhead=1

Don't link individual words in the headword of a multiword term. Useful for foreign terms like a posteriori and nec plus ultra where the expression functions as a whole in French but the individual parts are not French words.

|splithyph=1

Indicate that automatic splitting and linking of words should split on hyphens in multiword expressions with spaces in them (splitting on hyphens is automatic if there are no spaces in the term). See below and Module:fr-headword.

Autosplitting

The template uses an intelligent algorithm to split and link words in multiword expressions. Individual words of a multiword expression like tout le monde will be linked, as will individual words in a hyphenated expression like avant-avant-hier and parts of words with apostrophes in them, like n’importe quoi (linked as [[n']][[importe]] [[quoi]]). See Module:fr-headword for more details.

Rules for forming the default feminine

ending	feminine
-e	-e
-en	-enne
-er	-ère
-el	-elle
-et	-ette
-on	-onne
-if	-ive
-ieur	-ieure
-teur	-trice
other -eur	-euse
-eux	-euse
-c	-que
-eau	-elle
other	add -e

Rules for forming the default plural

ending	plural
-s	-s
-x	-x
-z	-z
-au (including -eau)	-aux
-al	-aux
other	add -s

Values of onlyg, and associated parameters

onlyg value	Used for	Parameters allowed	Derived by default?
m	Masculine-only adjectives	mp, mp2, ...	yes
f	Feminine-only adjectives	fp, fp2, ...	yes
s	Singular-only adjectives	f, f2, ...	yes
s along with 1=mf	Singular-only adjectives with the same form in the masculine and feminine	(none)	N/A
p	Plural-only adjectives	fp, fp2, ...	no
p along with 1=mf	Plural-only adjectives with the same form in the masculine and feminine	(none)	N/A
m-s	Masculine-singular-only adjectives	(none)	N/A
f-s	Feminine-singular-only adjectives	(none)	N/A
m-p	Masculine-plural-only adjectives	(none)	N/A
f-p	Feminine-plural-only adjectives	(none)	N/A