slump
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably of North Germanic origin: compare Danish slumpe (“to stumble upon by chance”), Norwegian slumpe (“happen by chance”), Swedish slumpa (“to sell off”). Compare also German schlumpen (“to trail; draggle; be sloppy”), dialectal Dutch slompen (“to walk clumsily”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /slʌmp/
Audio (General Australian): (file) - Rhymes: -ʌmp
Verb
[edit]slump (third-person singular simple present slumps, present participle slumping, simple past and past participle slumped)
- (intransitive) To collapse heavily or helplessly.
- Exhausted, he slumped down onto the sofa.
- 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IX, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
- “Heavens!” exclaimed Nina, “the blue-stocking and the fogy!—and yours are pale blue, Eileen!—you’re about as self-conscious as Drina—slumping there with your hair tumbling à la Mérode! Oh, it's very picturesque, of course, but a straight spine and good grooming is better. […]”
- (intransitive) To decline or fall off in activity or performance.
- Real estate prices slumped during the recession.
- 2011 October 29, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 3-5 Arsenal”, in BBC Sport:
- The Gunners captain demonstrated his importance to the team by taking his tally to an outstanding 28 goals in 27 Premier League games as Chelsea slumped again after their shock defeat at QPR last week.
- 2021 December 29, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Problems galore in 2021...”, in RAIL, number 947, page 3:
- But in the week ending December 6, usage slumped from 72% of pre-pandemic numbers to just 56%, following revised advice that we should work from home again.
- (intransitive) To slouch or droop.
- (transitive) To lump; to throw together messily.
- 1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:
- These different groups […] are exclusively slumped together under that sense.
- To fall or sink suddenly through or in, when walking on a surface, as on thawing snow or ice, a bog, etc.
- a. 1678 (date written), Isaac Barrow, “(please specify the chapter name or sermon number). The Danger and Mischief of Delaying Repentance”, in The Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], published 1830–1831, →OCLC:
- The latter walk on a bottomless quag, into which unawares they may slump.
- (transitive, slang) To cause to collapse; to hit hard; to render unconscious; to kill.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]to collapse heavily
|
to decline, to reduce, to fall off in performance or activity
Noun
[edit]slump (plural slumps)
- A heavy or helpless collapse; a slouching or drooping posture; a period of poor activity or performance, especially an extended period.
- A measure of the fluidity of freshly mixed concrete, based on how much the concrete formed in a standard slump cone sags when the cone is removed.
- (geology) A form of mass wasting in which a coherent mass of loosely consolidated materials or a rock layer moves a short distance down a slope.
- (geology, loosely) A crater or depression (an area where the ground slumps) which forms as a result of such wasting. (A large crater is colloquially called a megaslump.)
- 2022 September 8, Mark Brownlow, Elizabeth White, Frozen Planet II, Random House, →ISBN:
- The biggest slump in the world - a mega-slump - is in the Russian taiga. Known as the Batagaika crater, it is a kilometre-long gash in the ground, about 70 metres deep, and growing […]
- (UK, dialect) A boggy place.
- 1880, William Hugh Patterson, A Glossary of Words in Use in the Counties of Antrim and Down:
- The road was all slumps of holes.
- 1911, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, Rose of the Wilderness, page 165:
- It was neither seemly nor befitting that so great an occasion should have its solemnity defaced by leaping-poles or four hands crossed cradlewise to convey the bridal finery over “slump” or “quakkin'-qua[g]”!
- (Scotland) The noise made by anything falling into a hole, or into a soft, miry place.
- (Scotland) The gross amount; the mass; the lump.
- A cobbler-like dessert cooked on a stove.
- a blackberry slump
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]helpless collapse
measure of the fluidity of fresh concrete
|
noise made by anything falling into a soft, miry place
|
Anagrams
[edit]Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the verb slumpa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]slump m (definite singular slumpen, indefinite plural slumpar, definite plural slumpane)
- random event, chance, happenstance
- Eg valde han ut på slump.
- I picked it randomly.
- a good amount, quite a bit
- Eg vann ein god slump pengar i går.
- I won quite a bit of money yesterday.
Verb
[edit]slump
- imperative of slumpa
Further reading
[edit]- “slump” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Spanish
[edit]Noun
[edit]slump m (plural slumps)
- slump (decline)
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Middle Low German slump.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]slump c
- (uncountable) chance, randomness, happenstance
- Det var nog mest slumpen som avgjorde vem som vann
- It was probably mostly [the] chance that determined who won
- Inget lämnas åt slumpen
- Nothing is left to [the] chance (idiomatic)
- Det är nog bara slumpen
- It's probably just a coincidence / random chance
- (countable (but rarely plural)) a coincidence, (sometimes) an accident, a fluke, etc.
- Synonym: tillfällighet
- – Jag tror inte att det är en slump att tre hus brann ner samma natt. – Nej, det är nog ingen slump.
- – I don't think it's a coincidence that three houses burned down the same night. – No, it's probably not a coincidence.
- en lycklig slump
- a happy accident
- a last remainder of something, (often) residual stocks
- sälja slumpen
- sell residual stocks
- slumpen i ölflaskan
- the last beer in the bottle
Usage notes
[edit]Thought of as a kind of entity in (sense 1), hence usually in the definite – "the randomness."
Declension
[edit]| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | slump | slumps |
| definite | slumpen | slumpens | |
| plural | indefinite | slumpar | slumpars |
| definite | slumparna | slumparnas |
Derived terms
[edit]- av en slump
- slumpartikel
- slumpmässig
- slumptal (“random number”)
- slumpvariabel (“random variable”)
- slumpvis
Related terms
[edit]- slumpa
- slumpa sig (“to happen by chance”)
References
[edit]Categories:
- English terms derived from North Germanic languages
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ʌmp
- Rhymes:English/ʌmp/1 syllable
- English lemmas
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- English intransitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
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- English transitive verbs
- English slang
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Geology
- British English
- English dialectal terms
- Scottish English
- en:Desserts
- en:Wetlands
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Swedish terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Swedish terms with audio pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish uncountable nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish countable nouns