werfen
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German wërfen, from Old High German werfan, from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną. Cognate with Old Saxon werpan, Dutch werpen, English warp.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈvɛrfən/, [ˈvɛʁ-], [ˈvɛɐ̯-], [ˈʋɛʁ-], [ˈʋɛɐ̯-], [-fən], [-fn̩], [-fɱ̍]
Audio: (file) Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]werfen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present wirft, past tense warf, past participle geworfen, past subjunctive würfe, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive, intransitive) to throw
- (transitive, computing, exception handling) to throw
- Der Konstruktor mit dem einen Parameter wirft in diesem Falle eine Ausnahme.
- The constructor with this one parameter throws an exception in this case.
- (transitive) to cast; to project
- einen Schatten werfen ― to cast a shadow
- ein Bild an/auf die Wand werfen ― to project an image on the wall
- (transitive, intransitive) to give birth (of some animals)
- Die Sau wirft ihre Jungen.
- The sow is birthing her young.
- (reflexive) to throw oneself (on a bed etc.)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | werfen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | werfend | ||||
past participle | geworfen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich werfe | wir werfen | i | ich werfe | wir werfen |
du wirfst | ihr werft | du werfest | ihr werfet | ||
er wirft | sie werfen | er werfe | sie werfen | ||
preterite | ich warf | wir warfen | ii | ich würfe1 | wir würfen1 |
du warfst | ihr warft | du würfest1 du würfst1 |
ihr würfet1 ihr würft1 | ||
er warf | sie warfen | er würfe1 | sie würfen1 | ||
imperative | wirf (du) | werft (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]- abwerfen
- anwerfen
- aufwerfen
- auswerfen
- bewerfen
- danebenwerfen
- darunterwerfen
- das Handtuch werfen
- dazwischenwerfen
- die Flinte ins Korn werfen
- drunterwerfen
- durcheinanderwerfen
- durchwerfen
- ein Auge auf jemanden werfen
- einen Blick werfen
- einwerfen
- entgegenwerfen
- entwerfen
- fortwerfen
- Hammerwerfen
- herabwerfen
- heraufwerfen
- herauswerfen
- hereinwerfen
- herüberwerfen
- herumwerfen
- herunterwerfen
- herwerfen
- hinabwerfen
- hinaufwerfen
- hinauswerfen
- hinauswerfen
- hineinwerfen
- hinterherwerfen
- hinüberwerfen
- hinunterwerfen
- hinwerfen
- hinwerfen
- hochwerfen
- in die Brust werfen
- loswerfen
- nachwerfen
- niederwerfen
- Perlen vor die Säue werfen
- raufwerfen
- rauswerfen
- reinwerfen
- rüberwerfen
- rumwerfen
- runterwerfen
- übereinanderwerfen
- überwerfen
- umwerfen
- unterwerfen
- verwerfen
- vorbeiwerfen
- vorwerfen
- wegwerfen
- Werfen
- zerwerfen
- zurückwerfen
- zusammenwerfen
- zuwerfen
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “werfen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “werfen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “werfen” in Duden online
- “werfen” in OpenThesaurus.de
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “werfen”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Luxembourgish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German werfen, from Old High German werfan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną.
While the verb as such is probably inherited, the form seems to have undergone an irregular development, perhaps under influence of German werfen; the regular development is found in dialectal wierfen.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]werfen (third-person singular present wërft, past participle geworf, auxiliary verb hunn)
- (intransitive, transitive) to throw; to toss
- (transitive) to cast; to throw (a glance, look, etc.)
- e Bléck werfen ― to cast a glance; to take a look
- (reflexive) to throw oneself
Conjugation
[edit]Irregular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | werfen | |
participle | geworf | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative |
imperative | |
1st singular | werfen | — |
2nd singular | wërfs | werf |
3rd singular | wërft | — |
1st plural | werfen | — |
2nd plural | werft | werft |
3rd plural | werfen | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Synonyms
[edit]Middle High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old High German werfan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną. Akin to Old Saxon werpan, Dutch werpen, Old English weorpan.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]wërfen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present wirfet, past tense warf, past participle geworfen, past subjunctive würfe, auxiliary hān)
- to throw
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | wërfen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | wërfennes wërfenes | ||||
dative gerund | wërfenne wërfene | ||||
present participle | wërfende | ||||
past participle | geworfen | ||||
auxiliary | hān | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich wirfe | wir wërfen | i | ich wërfe | wir wërfen |
du wirfest | ir wërfet | du wërfest | ir wërfet | ||
ër wirfet | sie wërfent | ër wërfe | sie wërfen | ||
preterite | ich warf | wir wurfen | ii | ich würfe | wir würfen |
du würfe | ir wurfet | du würfest | ir würfet | ||
ër warf | sie wurfen | ër würfe | sie würfen | ||
imperative | wirf (du) | wërfet (ir) |
Descendants
[edit]- Central Franconian: werpe, werfe (Moselle Franconian; now also Ripuarian via standard German)
- German: werfen
- → Danish: verfe
- Luxembourgish: werfen
- Yiddish: וואַרפֿן (varfn)
References
[edit]- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “wërfen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
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