Demografía de Bulgaria
Este artículo describe las características de la demografía de Bulgaria
Población
editarHistóricamente varios estudios describen una población de aproximadamente 1.1 millones en los años 700 después de cristo y 2.6 millones para 1365.[1] Para el censo del 2011, la población que habita Bulgaria era aproximadamente 7.364570, pero estimaciones más recientes han mostrado una disminución progresiva hasta aproximadamente 6.900.000[2] El máximo número de habitantes se registró en 1989, el año que las fronteras se abrieron tras el fin del régimen comunista, con un total de 9,009,018 habitantes.
Políticas demográficas
editarLa disminución progresiva de la población búlgara está obstaculizando el crecimiento económico y la mejora del bienestar, y las medidas de gestión adoptadas para mitigar las consecuencias negativas no abordan la esencia del problema. El Programa de Gobierno para el período 2017 - 2021 es el primero que tiene como objetivo revertir la tendencia. El programa también identifica los medios prioritarios para lograr este objetivo: medidas para aumentar la tasa de natalidad, reducir la emigración de jóvenes y desarrollar la capacidad reguladora e institucional para implementar una política de inmigración moderna adaptada a las necesidades del negocio búlgaro.[3][4]
Estadísticas vitales
editarYears | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria | 5.16 | 5.05 | 4.95 | 4.84 | 4.73 | 4.62 |
Years | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria | 4.52 | 4.92 | 5.16 | 5.16 | 5.04 | 4.37 | 5.15 | 5.05 | 4.92 | 4.7 |
Years | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria | 5.24 | 4.82 | 4.69 | 5.09 | 5.45 | 5.55 | 5.7 | 5.28 | 5.45 | 5.67 |
Years | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria | 5.7 | 5.73 | 5.76 | 5.8 | 5.83 | 5.77 | 5.72 | 5.66 | 5.6 | 5.55 |
Years | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Fertility Rate in Bulgaria | 5.52 | 5.48 | 5.45 | 5.42 | 5.39 |
Estadísticas vitales 1900–1915
editarAverage population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | 3,710,000 | 157,000 | 84,000 | 73,000 | 42.3 | 22.6 | 19.7 |
1901 | 3,740,000 | 141,000 | 87,000 | 54,000 | 37.7 | 23.3 | 14.4 |
1902 | 3,800,000 | 149,000 | 91,000 | 58,000 | 39.2 | 23.9 | 15.3 |
1903 | 3,850,000 | 159,000 | 88,000 | 71,000 | 41.3 | 22.9 | 18.4 |
1904 | 3,910,000 | 167,000 | 84,000 | 83,000 | 42.7 | 21.5 | 21.2 |
1905 | 4,000,000 | 174,000 | 87,000 | 87,000 | 43.5 | 21.8 | 21.8 |
1906 | 4,100,000 | 179,000 | 91,000 | 88,000 | 43.7 | 22.2 | 21.5 |
1907 | 4,150,000 | 180,000 | 92,000 | 88,000 | 43.4 | 22.2 | 21.2 |
1908 | 4,200,000 | 169,000 | 102,000 | 67,000 | 40.2 | 24.3 | 16.0 |
1909 | 4,280,000 | 173,000 | 113,000 | 60,000 | 40.4 | 26.4 | 14.0 |
1910 | 4,350,000 | 180,000 | 100,000 | 80,000 | 41.4 | 23.0 | 18.4 |
1911 | 4,400,000 | 176,000 | 94,000 | 82,000 | 40.0 | 21.4 | 18.6 |
1912 | 4,430,000 | 185,000 | 91,000 | 94,000 | 41.8 | 20.5 | 21.2 |
1913 | 4,200,000 | 108,000 | 122,000 | -14,000 | 25.7 | 29.0 | -3.3 |
1914 | 4,240,000 | 191,000 | 88,000 | 103,000 | 45.0 | 20.8 | 24.3 |
1915 | 4,280,000 | 172,000 | 85,000 | 87,000 | 40.2 | 19.9 | 20.3 |
Estadística vital 1916–1940
editarPoblación | Nacidos | Muertes | Cambio natural | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rates | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1916 | 4,660,000 | 99,000 | 97,000 | 2,000 | 21.2 | 20.8 | 0.4 | 5.38 |
1917 | 4,690,000 | 81,000 | 99,000 | -18,000 | 17.3 | 21.1 | -3.8 | 5.37 |
1918 | 4,740,000 | 100,000 | 152,000 | -52,000 | 21.1 | 32.1 | -11.0 | 5.36 |
1919 | 4,790,000 | 157,000 | 97,000 | 60,000 | 32.8 | 20.3 | 12.5 | 5.35 |
1920 | 4,850,000 | 193,000 | 104,000 | 89,000 | 39.8 | 21.4 | 18.4 | 5.35 |
1921 | 4,890,000 | 197,000 | 106,000 | 91,000 | 40.3 | 21.7 | 18.6 | 5.27 |
1922 | 5,010,000 | 203,000 | 106,000 | 97,000 | 40.5 | 21.2 | 19.4 | 5.19 |
1923 | 5,090,000 | 192,000 | 108,000 | 84,000 | 37.7 | 21.2 | 16.5 | 5.11 |
1924 | 5,210,000 | 207,000 | 108,000 | 99,000 | 39.7 | 20.7 | 19.0 | 5.03 |
1925 | 5,310,000 | 196,000 | 102,000 | 94,000 | 36.9 | 19.2 | 17.7 | 4.94 |
1926 | 5,420,000 | 203,000 | 93,000 | 110,000 | 37.5 | 17.2 | 20.3 | 4.80 |
1927 | 5,510,000 | 183,000 | 112,000 | 71,000 | 33.2 | 20.3 | 12.9 | 4.65 |
1928 | 5,590,000 | 185,000 | 99,000 | 86,000 | 33.1 | 17.7 | 15.4 | 4.50 |
1929 | 5,670,000 | 173,000 | 103,000 | 70,000 | 30.5 | 18.2 | 12.3 | 4.36 |
1930 | 5,740,000 | 180,000 | 93,000 | 87,000 | 31.4 | 16.2 | 15.2 | 4.05 |
1931 | 5,800,000 | 171,000 | 98,000 | 73,000 | 29.5 | 16.9 | 12.6 | 3.80 |
1932 | 5,884,000 | 186,000 | 96,000 | 90,000 | 31.6 | 16.3 | 15.3 | 4.07 |
1933 | 5,961,000 | 174,000 | 93,000 | 81,000 | 29.2 | 15.6 | 13.6 | 3.76 |
1934 | 6,039,000 | 181,795 | 85,046 | 96,749 | 30.1 | 14.1 | 16.0 | 3.88 |
1935 | 6,102,000 | 160,951 | 89,086 | 71,865 | 26.4 | 14.6 | 11.8 | 3.39 |
1936 | 6,154,000 | 159,146 | 87,723 | 71,423 | 25.9 | 14.3 | 11.6 | 3.33 |
1937 | 6,196,000 | 150,771 | 84,674 | 66,097 | 24.3 | 13.7 | 10.7 | 3.12 |
1938 | 6,244,000 | 142,415 | 85,373 | 57,042 | 22.8 | 13.7 | 9.1 | 2.92 |
1939 | 6,292,000 | 138,883 | 84,150 | 54,733 | 22.1 | 13.4 | 8.7 | 2.81 |
1940 | 6,341,000 | 140,564 | 85,046 | 55,518 | 22.2 | 13.4 | 8.8 | 2.84 |
Vital statistics 1941 to present
editar[8]
Source: National Statistical Institute[9]
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rates[fn 1] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1941 | 6,711,000 | 147,293 | 85,011 | 62,282 | 21.9 | 12.7 | 9.3 | 2.80 |
1942 | 6,767,000 | 153,272 | 88,082 | 65,190 | 22.6 | 13.0 | 9.6 | 2.91 |
1943 | 6,823,000 | 148,840 | 88,386 | 60,454 | 21.8 | 13.0 | 8.9 | 2.79 |
1944 | 6,879,000 | 151,013 | 94,082 | 56,931 | 22.0 | 13.7 | 8.3 | 2.83 |
1945 | 6,936,000 | 166,960 | 103,591 | 63,369 | 24.1 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 3.09 |
1946 | 6,993,000 | 179,226 | 95,799 | 83,427 | 25.6 | 13.7 | 11.9 | 3.29 |
1947 | 7,048,000 | 169,501 | 94,395 | 75,106 | 24.0 | 13.4 | 10.7 | 3.06 |
1948 | 7,130,000 | 175,771 | 89,927 | 85,844 | 24.7 | 12.6 | 12.0 | 3.16 |
1949 | 7,195,000 | 177,734 | 84,675 | 93,059 | 24.7 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 3.17 |
1950 | 7,251,000 | 182,571 | 74,134 | 108,437 | 25.2 | 10.2 | 15.0 | 2.94 |
1951 | 7,258,000 | 152,803 | 77,364 | 75,439 | 21.1 | 10.7 | 10.4 | 2.45 |
1952 | 7,275,000 | 154,014 | 84,254 | 69,760 | 21.2 | 11.6 | 9.6 | 2.44 |
1953 | 7,346,000 | 153,220 | 68,055 | 85,165 | 20.9 | 9.3 | 11.6 | 2.41 |
1954 | 7,423,000 | 149,902 | 68,384 | 81,518 | 20.2 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 2.36 |
1955 | 7,499,000 | 150,978 | 67,960 | 83,018 | 20.1 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 2.41 |
1956 | 7,576,000 | 147,910 | 71,153 | 76,757 | 19.5 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 2.36 |
1957 | 7,651,000 | 141,035 | 65,807 | 75,228 | 18.4 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 2.26 |
1958 | 7,728,000 | 138,294 | 60,734 | 77,560 | 17.9 | 7.9 | 10.0 | 2.23 |
1959 | 7,829,246 | 136,892 | 73,850 | 63,042 | 17.5 | 9.4 | 8.1 | 2.23 |
1960 | 7,867,374 | 140,082 | 63,665 | 76,417 | 17.7 | 8.1 | 9.7 | 2.31 |
1961 | 7,943,118 | 137,861 | 62,562 | 75,299 | 17.3 | 7.8 | 9.4 | 2.29 |
1962 | 8,012,946 | 134,148 | 69,640 | 64,508 | 16.7 | 8.7 | 8.0 | 2.24 |
1963 | 8,078,145 | 132,143 | 66,057 | 66,086 | 16.3 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 2.21 |
1964 | 8,144,340 | 130,958 | 64,479 | 66,479 | 16.0 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 2.19 |
1965 | 8,204,168 | 125,791 | 66,970 | 58,821 | 15.3 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 2.09 |
1966 | 8,258,057 | 123,039 | 68,366 | 54,673 | 14.9 | 8.3 | 6.6 | 2.03 |
1967 | 8,310,226 | 124,582 | 74,696 | 49,886 | 14.9 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 2.02 |
1968 | 8,369,603 | 141,460 | 72,176 | 69,284 | 16.8 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 2.27 |
1969 | 8,434,172 | 143,060 | 80,183 | 62,877 | 16.9 | 9.5 | 7.4 | 2.27 |
1970 | 8,489,574 | 138,745 | 77,095 | 61,650 | 16.3 | 9.1 | 7.2 | 2.17 |
1971 | 8,536,395 | 135,422 | 82,805 | 52,617 | 15.8 | 9.7 | 6.1 | 2.10 |
1972 | 8,576,200 | 131,316 | 84,174 | 47,142 | 15.3 | 9.8 | 5.5 | 2.03 |
1973 | 8,620,967 | 139,713 | 81,470 | 58,243 | 16.2 | 9.4 | 6.7 | 2.15 |
1974 | 8,678,745 | 149,196 | 85,239 | 63,957 | 17.1 | 9.8 | 7.3 | 2.29 |
1975 | 8,720,742 | 144,668 | 89,974 | 54,694 | 16.6 | 10.3 | 6.3 | 2.23 |
1976 | 8,758,599 | 144,929 | 88,348 | 56,581 | 16.5 | 10.1 | 6.4 | 2.24 |
1977 | 8,804,183 | 141,702 | 94,362 | 47,340 | 16.1 | 10.7 | 5.4 | 2.21 |
1978 | 8,814,032 | 136,442 | 92,445 | 43,997 | 15.5 | 10.5 | 5.0 | 2.15 |
1979 | 8,825,940 | 135,358 | 94,403 | 40,955 | 15.3 | 10.7 | 4.6 | 2.16 |
1980 | 8,861,535 | 128,190 | 97,950 | 30,240 | 14.4 | 11.0 | 3.4 | 2.05 |
1981 | 8,891,117 | 124,372 | 95,441 | 28,931 | 14.0 | 10.7 | 3.2 | 2.00 |
1982 | 8,917,457 | 124,166 | 100,293 | 23,873 | 13.9 | 11.2 | 2.7 | 2.01 |
1983 | 8,939,738 | 122,993 | 102,182 | 20,811 | 13.7 | 11.4 | 2.3 | 2.01 |
1984 | 8,960,679 | 122,303 | 101,419 | 20,884 | 13.6 | 11.3 | 2.3 | 2.01 |
1985 | 8,960,547 | 118,955 | 107,485 | 11,470 | 13.3 | 12.0 | 1.3 | 1.97 |
1986 | 8,958,171 | 120,078 | 104,039 | 16,039 | 13.4 | 11.6 | 1.8 | 2.02 |
1987 | 8,971,359 | 116,672 | 107,213 | 9,459 | 13.0 | 11.9 | 1.1 | 1.96 |
1988 | 8,981,446 | 117,440 | 107,385 | 10,055 | 13.1 | 11.9 | 1.1 | 1.97 |
1989 | 8,876,972 | 112,289 | 106,902 | 5,387 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 0.6 | 1.90 |
1990 | 8,718,289 | 105,180 | 108,608 | -3,428 | 12.1 | 12.5 | -0.4 | 1.82 |
1991 | 8,632,367 | 95,910 | 110,423 | -14,513 | 11.2 | 12.8 | -1.7 | 1.66 |
1992 | 8,540,164 | 89,134 | 107,998 | -18,864 | 10.5 | 12.7 | -2.2 | 1.55 |
1993 | 8,472,313 | 84,400 | 109,540 | -25,140 | 10.0 | 12.9 | -3.0 | 1.46 |
1994 | 8,443,591 | 79,442 | 111,827 | -32,385 | 9.4 | 13.3 | -3.8 | 1.37 |
1995 | 8,406,067 | 71,967 | 114,670 | -42,703 | 8.6 | 13.7 | -5.1 | 1.23 |
1996 | 8,362,826 | 72,188 | 117,056 | -44,868 | 8.7 | 14.0 | -5.4 | 1.23 |
1997 | 8,312,068 | 64,125 | 121,861 | -57,736 | 7.7 | 14.7 | -7.0 | 1.09 |
1998 | 8,256,786 | 65,361 | 118,190 | -52,829 | 7.9 | 14.4 | -6.4 | 1.11 |
1999 | 8,210,624 | 72,290 | 111,786 | -39,496 | 8.8 | 13.6 | -4.8 | 1.23 |
2000 | 8,170,172 | 73,679 | 115,087 | -41,408 | 9.0 | 14.1 | -5.1 | 1.27 |
2001 | 8,009,142 | 68,180 | 112,368 | -44,188 | 8.5 | 14.0 | -5.5 | 1.24 |
2002 | 7,837,161 | 66,499 | 112,617 | -46,118 | 8.5 | 14.4 | -5.9 | 1.21 |
2003 | 7,775,327 | 67,359 | 111,927 | -44,568 | 8.7 | 14.4 | -5.7 | 1.23 |
2004 | 7,716,860 | 69,886 | 110,110 | -40,224 | 9.1 | 14.3 | -5.2 | 1.29 |
2005 | 7,658,972 | 71,075 | 113,374 | -42,299 | 9.3 | 14.8 | -5.5 | 1.31 |
2006 | 7,601,022 | 73,978 | 113,438 | -39,460 | 9.7 | 14.9 | -5.2 | 1.38 |
2007 | 7,545,338 | 75,349 | 113,004 | -37,655 | 10.0 | 15.0 | -5.0 | 1.42 |
2008 | 7,492,561 | 77,712 | 110,523 | -32,811 | 10.4 | 14.8 | -4.4 | 1.48 |
2009 | 7,444,443 | 80,956 | 108,068 | -27,112 | 10.9 | 14.5 | -3.6 | 1.57 |
2010 | 7,395,599 | 75,513 | 110,165 | -34,652 | 10.2 | 14.9 | -4.7 | 1.49 |
2011 | 7,348,328 | 70,846 | 108,258 | -37,412 | 9.6 | 14.7 | -5.1 | 1.51 |
2012 | 7,305,888 | 69,121 | 109,281 | -40,160 | 9.5 | 15.0 | -5.5 | 1.50 |
2013 | 7,265,115 | 66,578 | 104,345 | -37,767 | 9.2 | 14.4 | -5.2 | 1.48 |
2014 | 7,223,937 | 67,585 | 108,952 | -41,367 | 9.4 | 15.1 | -5.7 | 1.52 |
2015[10] | 7,177,991 | 65,950 | 110,117 | -44,167 | 9.2 | 15.3 | -6.2 | 1.53 |
2016[11] | 7,127,822 | 64,984 | 107,580 | -42,596 | 9.1 | 15.1 | -6.0 | 1.54 |
2017[12] | 7,075,947 | 63,955 | 109,791 | -45,836 | 9.0 | 15.5 | -6.5 | 1.56 |
2018[13] | 7,025,037 | 62,197 | 108,526 | -46,329 | 8.9 | 15.4 | -6.6 | 1.56 |
2019[14] | 6,975,761 | 61,538 | 108,083 | -46,545 | 8.8 | 15.5 | -6.7 | 1.58 |
2020[15][16] | 6,934,015 | 59,086 | 124,735 | -65,649 | 8.5 | 18.0 | -9.5 | 1.56 |
Etnias
editarReligión
editarBulgaria es oficialmente un estado laico y la Constitución garantiza la libertad de culto, pero nombra a la Iglesia ortodoxa como una religión oficial. En el censo de 2001, un 82,6 % de los búlgaros se declaró cristiano ortodoxo; 12,2 % musulmán; 1,2 % de otras denominaciones cristianas; 4% de otras religiones (budismo, taoísmo, hinduismo y judaísmo) y 0% ateos. La mayoría de ciudadanos búlgaros tienen alguna asociación (al menos, nominalmente) con la iglesia ortodoxa búlgara. Fundada en 870, bajo el Patriarcado de Constantinopla (del que obtuvo su primer primado, clero y textos teológicos), la iglesia ortodoxa búlgara tiene un estatus autocéfalo desde 927. La iglesia se convirtió en subordinada del Patriarcado de Constantinopla dos veces durante los períodos de dominación bizantina (1018-1185) y otomana (1396-1878). Fue restablecida primero en 1870 bajo la forma del Exarcado Búlgaro y luego, en los años 1950, como el Patriarcado Búlgaro.
- Ortodoxos 82.6%, Musulmanes 12.2%, Católicos 0.6%, Protestantes 0.5%, otros, Ateos y no declarado 4.1% requiere cita
Idiomas
editar- Búlgaro, otras lenguas secundarias corresponden a los distintos grupos étnicos.
Inmigración
editarPoblación por país de nacimiento:[17]
2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2019[18] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bulgaria | 7,290,666 | 7,188,273 | 7,077,389 | 6,951,482 |
Total de nacidos en el extranjeros | 78,621 | 96,113 | 123,803 | 168,516 |
Rusia | 18,725 | 19,533 | 24,416 | 31,679 |
Turquía | 3,955 | 6,227 | 9,284 | 11,702 |
Siria | 1,250 | 1,298 | 8,318 | 14,080 |
Grecia | 4,928 | 7,377 | 7,166 | 8,563 |
Ucrania | 5,877 | 6,084 | 7,039 | 10,115 |
Alemania | 2,083 | 3,638 | 5,533 | 9,334 |
Reino Unido | 3,042 | 5,066 | 6,738 | 9,992 |
España | 1,558 | 4,065 | 5,240 | 7,098 |
Rumania | 6,045 | 5,380 | 4,612 | 4,556 |
Italia | 1,082 | 2,261 | 2,830 | 3,790 |
Macedonia del Norte | 2,426 | 2,384 | 2,742 | 3,595 |
Estados Unidos | 1,180 | 2,023 | 2,431 | 3,153 |
Moldavia | 1,893 | 1,996 | 2,363 | 2,990 |
Serbia | 2,306 | 2,246 | 2,318 | 2,879 |
Azerbaiyán | 2,152 | 1,871 | 1,886 | 2,103 |
Francia | 562 | 1,255 | 1,781 | 2,614 |
Polonia | 1,196 | 1,443 | 1,648 | 2,043 |
Armenia | 1,472 | 1,422 | 1,565 | 1,840 |
Kazajistán | 970 | 1,067 | 1,515 | 2,101 |
Bélgica | 410 | 1,009 | 1,481 | 2,199 |
China | 860 | 929 | 1,236 | 1,447 |
República Checa | 924 | 1,028 | 1,186 | 1,514 |
Austria | 1,512 | |||
Albania | 1,134 | 1,078 | 1,130 | 1,348 |
Países Bajos | 298 | 735 | 1,040 | 1,522 |
Chipre | 244 | 679 | 1,008 | 1,372 |
Desconocido | 144 | 166 | 1,006 |
Extranjeros según nacionalidad
Enlaces externos
editarReferencias
editar- ↑ Arkadiev, D (24 de enero de 2014). «The population of Bulgaria during the Middle Ages (seventh to fourteenth centuries)». Naselenie 4 (2): 3-11. PMID 12280532.
- ↑ «Census 2011». Nsi.bg. Consultado el 24 de agosto de 2017.
- ↑ L. Ivanov. Demographic priorities and goals of the Government Program 2017–2021. Presentation at the round table Demographic Policies and Labour Mobility organized by the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, and the State Agency for the Bulgarians Abroad. Sofia, 19 September 2017. 4 pp.
- ↑ L. Ivanov. Measures to solve demographic problems. Business Club Magazine. Issue 11, 2017. pp. 18-20. ISSN 2367-623X (in Bulgarian and English)
- ↑ B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750–1975.
- ↑ Demographic Yearbook 1948. Statistical Office of the United Nations. Consultado el 20 de febrero de 2015.
- ↑ «National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria». Archivado desde el original el 31 de julio de 2010. Consultado el 10 de octubre de 2014.
- ↑ «National Center of Public Health and Analyses». Archivado desde el original el 29 de abril de 2021. Consultado el 13 de junio de 2021.
- ↑ «National Statistical Institute».
- ↑ «Population and demographic processes in 2015».
- ↑ «Population and demographic processes in 2016».
- ↑ «Population and demographic processes in 2017».
- ↑ «Population and demographic processes in 2018».
- ↑ «Population and demographic processes in 2019».
- ↑ «Population and demographic processes in 2020».
- ↑ «Average annual population by districts, municipalities and place of residence».
- ↑ Perspectives migrations internationales 2016 et Eurostat.
- ↑ https://countryeconomy.com/demography/migration/immigration/bulgaria
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