Longitud de Un Arco
Longitud de Un Arco
Longitud de Un Arco
= 1 + [ ()]2
DEMOSTRACIN DE LA FRMULA:
2 = 2 + 2
2 2 2
=
+
2 2 2
2
2
( ) =1+( )
= 1+( )
2
lim ( ) = lim 1 + ( )
0
0
2
= lim 1 + [ lim ( )]
0
0
2
= 1 + ( )
2
= 1 + ( )
= 1 + [ ()]2
= 1 + [ ()]2
EJEMPLOS:
1) Hallar la longitud del arco de la funcin: = en el intervalo [, ].
Grfica:
Derivando:
() = 1
() = 1
Integrando:
= 1 + [ ()]2
= 2 |
= 2(2 0)
= 1 + (1)2
0
= 22
= 2
0
2
= 2
0
Comprobacin:
1.Geometra Analtica
1 (0; 1)
2 (2; 1)
2
2
=
1 2 = (2 1 ) + (2 1 )
= (2 0)2 + [1 (1)]2
= 4 + 4
= 8
= 22
2.-
Trigonometra
= 2 + 2
= 22 + 22
= 8
= 22
Grfica:
Derivando:
2
() = 3
() =
2 1
3
3
() =
2
1
3 3
Integrando:
= 1 + [ ()]2
27
1 + (
=
1
27
=
1
1 +
1)
3 3
9 3
27
9 3 + 4
2
9 3
27
=
1
1 2
3
1 9 + 4
3
3
2
27 9 3
=
1
+4
1
27
3 3
3
1 ( 6 )
3
= 9 3 + 4
2 1
= 9 3
3
1 27 1
2
18 1
1 2 3 27
2 |
18 3
1
3
=
6
3
2
2 27
1
(9 3 + 4) |
=
27
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
{[9(27)3 + 4]
[9(1)3 + 4] }
=
27
27
1
(783,66 46,87)
27
736,79
27
= 27,29
= .
Grfica:
Derivando:
2
3 + 3 = 1
2
3 = 1 3
3
2 2
3)
= (1
2 2
2
2 1
= (1 3 ) ( 3 )
3
3
(1
1
2 2
3)
1
3
Integrando:
= 1 + [ ()]2
(1
1+
1
8
3
[
]
2
= 1 +
1 3
2
1
8
= 1 +
1
8
= 1 +
1
8
1
=
1
1 2
2 2
3)
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3
= 3
1
8
1
3 2
= 3| 1
2
8
3
3
3
3 1 2
= (1)2 ( )
2
2 8
3 3
2 8
punto donde = .
Grfica:
Derivando:
=
1
(3 1)
3
Integrando:
= 1 + [ ()]2
4
3 1 1 1 2
= 1 + ( 2 2 )
2
6
1
3 1 1 1
2 2
2
6
9
1 1
= 1 + + 1
4
2 36
1
4
9
1 1
= + + 1
4
2 36
1
Factorando:
3 1 1 1
1
2 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) =
2
6
2
4
3 1 1 1 2
= ( 2 + 2 )
2
6
1
4
3 1 1 1
= ( 2 + 2 )
6
1 2
3
4
3 2 1 2
)|
=(
+
2 3
6 1
1
2
2
3
1 1 4
= ( 2 + 2 )|
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
= [(4)2 + (4)2 ] [(1)2 + (1)2 ]
3
3
=8+
2
1
1
3
3
=7+
1
3
22
; ).
NOTA: Este ejercicio no se puede resolver como los dems, entonces se procede a
despejar y se resuelve, para hallar la longitud de la curva: 6 = 4 + 3
desde = 1 hasta = 2.
Grfica:
Derivando:
6 = 4 + 3
=
= 1 + [ ()]2
2
1
= 1 + ( 2 )
2 2
1
2
4 1
= 1 + (
)
2 2
1
2
= 1 +
1
=
1
8 2 4 + 1
4 4
4 4 + 8 2 4 + 1
4 4
8
4
3
+
6 6
1 3 1 1
+
6
2
1
1
(3) 2 + (1) 2
6
2
=
Integrando:
4 + 3
6
2
1
2
2 2
=
1
8 + 2 4 + 1
4 4
Factorando:
8 + 2 4 + 1 = ( 4 + 1)2
2
=
1
( 4 + 1)2
4 4
2
4 + 1
= (
)
2 2
1
1 2 2
( + 2 )
2 1
1 1 3 1 2
( )|
2 3
1 1
1
1
1
{[ (2)3 ] [ (1)3 ]}
2 3
2
3
1
1 8 1 1
( + 1)
2 3 2 3
1 17
( )
2 6
17
12
Grfica:
Derivando:
() = 2
() = 2
Integrando:
= 1 + [ ()]2
1
2
= 1 + (2)2
0
1
2
= 1 + 4 2
0
tan 2 sec 2
) (
= 1 + 4 (
)
2
2
0
tan = 2
tan
=
2
= 1 + 4
0
tan2 sec
(
)
4
2
sec 2 = 2
sec 2
=
2
1 4
= (1 + tan2 sec 2 )
2 0
Cambio de variables:
= 0 tan = 2(0)
= tan1 (0)
=0
1
1
=
tan = 2 ( )
2
2
1 (1)
= tan
=
4
1 4
= (sec sec 2 )
2 0
1 4
= (sec 3 )
2 0
Calculamos la integral:
= sec
= sec 2
= sec tan
= sec 2
(sec 3 )
= tan
= (sec sec 2 )
10
(sec 3 ) =
1
[(tan sec ) + ln|tan + sec |]
2
Reemplazando:
1 4
= (sec 3 )
2 0
1 1
= [(tan sec ) + ln|tan + sec |]| 4
2 2
0
=
1
{[(1 2) + ln|1 + 2|] [(0 1) + ln|0 + 1|]}
4
1
[2 + ln|1 + 2|] 0,5738967873
4
Observacin:
7) Hallar la longitud de la curva = si [; ].
Grfica:
Derivando:
() =
() =
Integrando:
= 1 + [ ()]2
= 1 + ( )2
0
1
= 1 + 2
0
1+ 2
=
2
2 ( 2
)
1
2 = 1 + 2
2 = 2 1
2 = 2 2
1+ 2
2 1
2
Dividiendo:
=
2
=
2
1
11
Cambio de variables:
= 0 2 = 1 + 0
2 = 1 + 1
= 1
= 2
= 1 + 2(1)
2 = 1 + 2
2
= 1 + 2
1+ 2
(1 +
2
1+ 2
[1 +
1
)
1
1
]
( + 1)( 1)
Fracciones Parciales:
1+ 2
[1 +
1
2( 1)
]
2( + 1)
1+
1+
1
= + (
)
2 2
1
+1
2
1 +
1
= + [ln( 1) ln( + 1)]|
2
2
= ( + ln
1 1 +
)|
+1
2
= (1 + 2 2) + (ln
=
+
( + 1)( 1) + 1 1
1 = ( 1) + ( + 1)
=1
1 = 0 + (1 + 1)
1
=
2
= 1
1 = (1 1) + 0
1
=
2
1
( 1) + ( + 1)
=
( + 1)( 1)
( + 1)( 1)
1
1
1
2 + 2
=
( + 1)( 1) + 1 1
1
1
1
=
( + 1)( 1) 2( 1) 2( + 1)
1 + 2 1
1 + 2 + 1
ln
2 1
2 + 1
2,003497112
8)
= 2 2 {
= 4 1 + (
0
= 4 1 +
0
= 4
0
2
2 2
2 2 + 2
2 2
)
2
12
1 () =
1
1 2
( 2 )2 (2)
2
1 () = + 2 2
2 () = 2 2
= 1 + [ ()]2
1 () = + 2 2
1 () =
2 2
= 4
= 4
2 2 sen2
Cambio de variables:
cos
1 sen2
= 4
= 4
= 0
= cos
cos
= cos
2 2
cos
cos
cos =
= 4
0
= 4 ( )| 2
0
= 4 ( 0)
2
2
= 2
= 4
13
0 = sen
= sen1 (0)
=0
= sen
= sen1 (1)
=
2