Transporte de Pulpas
Transporte de Pulpas
Transporte de Pulpas
TUBERAS
1. SUSPENSIONES HETEROGNEAS
Se requiere:
1. El gradiente de presin necesario para producir el
escurrimiento en tubos.
2. Propiedades de las pulpas.
R 2 p
vz
8m L
Patrn de flujo
Fraccin de fraccin
volumtrica de slidos
vM 1
Suspensin homognea
1.0
vM 2
Suspensin asimtrica
0.7 1.0
vM 3
0.2 0.7
vM 4
0 0.2
Flujo de suspensiones
Heterogneas
Homogneas
Dvz
Re
2100 y
m
du ( )
Re p
1000
m
Wilson:
vc
Yufin y Lopsin :
7.3
f guD
13
1 f
vc 253 D1 3 0.0417 cm s
cm s
Chien:
vc 56.4
0.154
0.356
D
d
0.378
D f
0.09
gd f
0.545
cm s
0.5
; para 0.20
0.5
d
80
d50
0.1
; para 0.20
0.25
vc
0.58
0.25 0.06 Re p ; Re d *u * ; Fr
0.33
1.5
2.1
vL
2.4
2.7
Relave 5% #65
Relave 15% #65
Relave 20% #65
Relave 25% #65
vc
gD
9.0
Charles
Shook
Babcock
8.0
7.0
Zandi& Gov
Condolios & Ch
Sinclair
6.0
Schulz
Govier
Cairns
5.0
4.0
Newitt
Spells
Wilson
Durand
Oroskar
Durand-Rayo
3.0
2.0
1.0
Oroskar
0.0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
FD pV p ( g ) f V p g V p g
4
FD R 3 g
3
FD
4 dg
CD
2
2
1 2 f u R
3 f u2
du f
9.06
CD 0.28 1 1 2 , Re
,
Re
mf
Re
4
3
f
f
2
3
CD Re
d ,
u
3 m f 2
CD 4 m f g
13
3 m
P
4 f g
2
f
13
4 m f g
, Q
3 2f
Re u
d
*3
CD Re d ,
u*3
CD Q
P
Re d * u*
3
*3
0
C0 1
* *
u
d
12
u* d *
12
1
4
*
*3 2
1 1 2 2 d 1
u
4 d C0 0
2
12
20.52
*
*3 2
u
1 0.0921d
1
*
d
2
0
*
, u d 0 u d
*
12
d*3 2
12 0
C0
T y m m T
water 4.0 10 T 6.0 10 T 1.0004
6
g/cm
0.018
1.20E-03
0.016
1.000
R2 = 0.9931
0.985
8.00E-04
0.980
6.00E-04
0.975
0.970
4.00E-04
R2 = 0.9993
0.965
2.00E-04
0.960
0.955
0.00E+00
10
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature T , (C)
70
80
90
100
0.990
1.00E-03
0.995
2.50E-04
0.014
2.00E-04
R = 0.9996
0.012
1.50E-04
0.01
0.008
1.00E-04
R = 0.9983
0.006
0.004
5.00E-05
0.002
0
0.00E+00
10
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature T, (C)
70
80
90
100
1.005
Coeficiente de arrastre y
Velocidad de Sedimentacin
Una partcula:
d* d P
and
13
3 m
P
4 f g
s f
2
f
13
and
u* u Q
4 m f g
Q
3 2f
20.52
*3 2 1 2
u
1 0.092d 1
*
d
*
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
P (cm)
Q (cm/s)
9.1470E-03
7.9906E-03
7.2600E-03
6.7396E-03
6.3422E-03
6.0245E-03
5.7622E-03
5.5404E-03
5.3492E-03
5.1819E-03
5.0338E-03
4.9013E-03
4.7817E-03
4.6730E-03
4.5735E-03
4.4820E-03
4.3974E-03
4.3189E-03
4.2457E-03
4.1772E-03
4.1129E-03
4.0524E-03
3.9953E-03
3.9413E-03
3.8901E-03
3.8415E-03
3.7952E-03
3.7511E-03
3.7089E-03
3.6686E-03
3.6300E-03
3.5929E-03
3.5574E-03
3.5232E-03
3.4902E-03
3.4585E-03
3.4279E-03
3.3983E-03
3.3698E-03
3.3422E-03
3.3154E-03
3.2895E-03
3.2644E-03
3.2400E-03
3.2164E-03
1.0933E+00
1.2515E+00
1.3774E+00
1.4838E+00
1.5767E+00
1.6599E+00
1.7354E+00
1.8049E+00
1.8694E+00
1.9298E+00
1.9866E+00
2.0403E+00
2.0913E+00
2.1400E+00
2.1865E+00
2.2311E+00
2.2741E+00
2.3154E+00
2.3553E+00
2.3940E+00
2.4314E+00
2.4677E+00
2.5029E+00
2.5372E+00
2.5706E+00
2.6032E+00
2.6349E+00
2.6659E+00
2.6962E+00
2.7258E+00
2.7548E+00
2.7832E+00
2.8111E+00
2.8384E+00
2.8651E+00
2.8914E+00
2.9172E+00
2.9426E+00
2.9676E+00
2.9921E+00
3.0162E+00
3.0400E+00
3.0633E+00
3.0864E+00
3.1091E+00
s (g/cm3) f (g/cm3)
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
3.95
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
4.60
4.65
4.70
4.75
4.80
4.85
4.90
4.95
5.00
5.05
5.10
5.15
5.20
5.25
5.30
5.35
5.40
5.45
5.50
5.55
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
mf (g/cms)
P (cm)
Q (cm/s)
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
3.1934E-03
3.1711E-03
3.1494E-03
3.1282E-03
3.1076E-03
3.0876E-03
3.0681E-03
3.0490E-03
3.0304E-03
3.0123E-03
2.9945E-03
2.9772E-03
2.9603E-03
2.9438E-03
2.9276E-03
2.9118E-03
2.8963E-03
2.8811E-03
2.8663E-03
2.8517E-03
2.8375E-03
2.8235E-03
2.8098E-03
2.7963E-03
2.7831E-03
2.7702E-03
2.7575E-03
2.7450E-03
2.7328E-03
2.7207E-03
2.7089E-03
2.6973E-03
2.6858E-03
2.6746E-03
2.6635E-03
2.6527E-03
2.6420E-03
2.6315E-03
2.6211E-03
2.6109E-03
2.6009E-03
2.5910E-03
2.5812E-03
2.5716E-03
2.5622E-03
3.1314E+00
3.1535E+00
3.1752E+00
3.1967E+00
3.2179E+00
3.2388E+00
3.2594E+00
3.2798E+00
3.2999E+00
3.3198E+00
3.3394E+00
3.3588E+00
3.3780E+00
3.3970E+00
3.4158E+00
3.4343E+00
3.4527E+00
3.4709E+00
3.4889E+00
3.5067E+00
3.5243E+00
3.5417E+00
3.5590E+00
3.5761E+00
3.5931E+00
3.6098E+00
3.6265E+00
3.6430E+00
3.6593E+00
3.6755E+00
3.6915E+00
3.7075E+00
3.7232E+00
3.7389E+00
3.7544E+00
3.7698E+00
3.7850E+00
3.8002E+00
3.8152E+00
3.8301E+00
3.8449E+00
3.8596E+00
3.8741E+00
3.8886E+00
3.9029E+00
1.E+03
Dimensionles Velocity u*
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00
1.E-01
Spheres
Correlation
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
Dimensionless Diameter d*
1.E+04
1.E+05
u Q u* ( )
20.52
3 2 * 3 2
u ( )
f
0
.
0921
f
d
p
q
p
*
d
*
CD ( ) 0.28 1
2.01
9.08 1
1
Re1p 2
1.83
12
Re p d * u*
P Pf p
Q Qf q
f p 1
f q 1
2.033
0.167
1.0
0.010
0.050
0.100
0.9
0.150
0.200
0.8
0.7
0.300
0.6
0.400
0.5
0.500
0.4
0.585
0.3
0.2
0.1
n=3.90 y m=0.85
0.0
1.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05
Reynolds Number Reoo
Problema
Calcular la velocidad de sedimentacin de una
partcula de 5 mm de dimetro de un mineral de
hierro de densidad 5000 kg/m3 en agua.
13
m
P
4 f g
2
f
1/3
0.001
2.674 105 m1 3
13
(1/3)
4 m f g
4 (5000 1000) 0.001 9.81
13
Q
0.0374
(
m
s
)
2
2
3
1000
d
0.005
d*
187.01
5
P 2.674 10
2
2
20.52
20.52
*
*3 2 1 2
*3 2 1 2
u
1 0.0921 d 1
1 0.0921 187 1
*
187
d
22.698
J m J L J S J L 1 81 A
J L hf
3 2
2
z
CD ( )
2
z
v
L
2 gD
J S 81J L A
3 2
; donde A
gD f
Donde:
J m Prdida de carga para suspensiones por unidad de longitud
J L Para mantener flujo turbulento (misma que para agua)
J S Para mantener partculas en suspensin.
hL Prdida de carga debido a friccin para agua
Factor de friccin
CD Coeficiente de arrastre para partculas
SUSPENSIONES HOMOGNEAS
RESULTADOS EXPERIMENTALES
10
t g g
5
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Viscosidad
150
g
(g )
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Shear stress t , Pa
15
10
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
500
450
55% slido
55 = 818.26g-0.6963
400
60% slido
(60)= 1141.8g-0.6996
350
65% slido
(65)= 1611.7g-0.7072
70% slido
70 = 2266.1g-0.7134
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
10000
1000
=(1+ /0.5)-1.25
100
10
0.1
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
1.0
0.9
t y t K m
0.8
1 m
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Modelos Reolgicos
1. Comportamiento seudo-plstico
2. Comportamiento dilatante
3. Comportamiento plstico
4. Comportamiento tixotrpico
5. Comportamiento reo-pptico
1. Comportamiento seudo-plstico
Materiales que disminuyen su viscosidad a medida que
aumenta la aplicacin del esfuerzo son pseudo-plsticos.
Modelo de Bingham
10
9
Datos experimentales
t = 6.0179+0.0069g
R2 = 0.9905
t =t y + Kg
t y = 6.0179
5
4
K= 0.0069
3
2
1
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Fluidos de Bingham
35
30
25
20
15
vz
t t y K
r
10
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-1
10
t 6.40.006g
t y =6.4, K=0.006
t y =1.5, n=0.273
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Ejemplo
Datos experimentales
Esfuerzo de Cizalle t , Pa
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2500
Viscosidad , mPa-s
Datos experimentales
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Modelo de Bingham
Relave 63%; pH=10.1
180
Datos experimentales
Esfuerzo de Cizalle t , Pa
160
t y=118
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Modelo Potencial
180
Esfuerzo de Cizalle t , Pa
160
140
120
Datos experimentales
Correlacin modelo potencial
100
t =51.872g 0.1933
80
60
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
m = 51872g -0.8067
Viscosidad K , mPa-s
R2 = 0.9996
10000
1000
100
0
10
100
1000
250
55 % slido
Viscosidad (mPa-s)
58 % slido
200
60 % slido
65 % slido
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
0.274
0.316
0.343
0.361
0.412
1-/m
1.000
0.609
0.549
0.511
0.484
0.411
/m
0
0.39138943
0.45091207
0.48941018
0.51635112
0.58863482
350
400
450
30
50 % slido
55 % slido
25
58 % slido
Esfuerzo (Pa)
60% slido
20
65 % slido
15
11.2 Pa
10
5
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0
0.274
0.316
0.343
0.361
0.412
1-/m
1.000
0.609
0.549
0.511
0.484
0.411
/m
ty sim
0
0.39138943
0.45091207
0.48941018
0.51635112
0.58863482
0
1.42977452
2.58565777
3.89035622
5.25410655
12.6855011
ty
0
2
2
3
4.5
12
a=
b=
c=
d=
m=
7.14
0.20
0.55
5.00
0.70
%
0
50
50
50
50
55
55
55
55
58
58
58
58
60
60
60
60
65
65
65
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
0
0.274
0.274
0.274
0.274
0.316
0.316
0.316
0.316
0.343
0.343
0.343
0.343
0.361
0.361
0.361
0.361
0.412
0.412
0.412
0.412
0.423
0.434
0.445
0.457
0.468
0.480
0.492
0.505
0.518
0.531
0.544
0.558
0.572
0.587
0.602
0.617
0.632
0.648
0.665
0.681
0.699
0.716
0.735
0.753
0.773
0.792
0.800
1.00
22.00
21.30
22.00
24.00
27.00
27.00
24.00
24.00
25.40
28.60
28.00
30.00
35.60
31.90
32.00
41.00
66.30
96.00
76.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
93.00
1-/m
1.000
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.609
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.549
0.511
0.511
0.511
0.511
0.484
0.484
0.484
0.484
0.411
0.411
0.411
0.411
0.396
0.380
0.364
0.348
0.331
0.314
0.296
0.279
0.260
0.241
0.222
0.203
0.182
0.162
0.141
0.119
0.097
0.074
0.051
0.027
0.002
-0.023
-0.049
-0.076
-0.104
-0.132
-0.143
(1-/m)-a*m
1
1.275479992
1.275479992
1.275479992
1.275479992
1.341453031
1.341453031
1.341453031
1.341453031
1.390095521
1.390095521
1.390095521
1.390095521
1.427513448
1.427513448
1.427513448
1.427513448
1.545355888
1.545355888
1.545355888
1.545355888
1.574468164
1.6059942
1.640269459
1.67769763
1.718769494
1.764088568
1.814406611
1.870673816
1.93411142
2.006319651
2.089443261
2.186434882
2.30149275
2.440827968
2.614101274
2.83735092
3.139670548
3.58106316
4.313480897
5.910315466
21.1545852
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
1-/m
(1-/m)-a*m
1
0.98571429
0.97142857
0.95714286
0.94285714
0.92857143
0.91428571
0.90000000
0.88571429
0.87142857
0.85714286
0.84285714
0.82857143
0.81428571
0.80000000
0.78571429
0.77142857
0.75714286
0.74285714
0.72857143
0.71428571
0.70000000
0.68571429
0.67142857
0.65714286
0.64285714
0.62857143
0.61428571
0.60000000
0.58571429
0.57142857
0.55714286
0.54285714
0.52857143
0.51428571
0.50000000
0.48571429
0.47142857
0.45714286
0.44285714
0.42857143
0.41428571
0.40000000
0.38571429
0.37142857
0.35714286
0.34285714
0.32857143
1.00
1.07
1.16
1.24
1.34
1.45
1.56
1.69
1.83
1.99
2.16
2.35
2.56
2.79
3.05
3.34
3.66
4.02
4.42
4.87
5.37
5.95
6.59
7.32
8.15
9.10
10.18
11.42
12.85
14.49
16.39
18.61
21.19
24.21
27.76
31.96
36.94
42.88
50.01
58.61
69.05
81.80
97.48
116.91
141.18
171.75
210.62
260.55
ty sim
0.000
0.021
0.033
0.044
0.056
0.068
0.081
0.095
0.111
0.129
0.148
0.170
0.194
0.221
0.252
0.286
0.325
0.369
0.419
0.476
0.540
0.614
0.698
0.795
0.906
1.034
1.182
1.354
1.554
1.787
2.060
2.380
2.758
3.205
3.737
4.371
5.132
6.049
7.159
8.511
10.168
12.211
14.747
17.919
21.915
26.995
33.510
41.950
Efecto de la concentracin
f m
Datos experimentales
Modelo a gama=200 1/s
Viscosidad , mPa-s
250.0
=(1-/m)-a*
200.0
a=7.14
m=0.7
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
am
40
Correlacin
Yield Stress t y, Pa
35
ty
30
b m
d
1 m
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
TRANSPORTE DE SUSPENSIONES
HOMOGNEAS
4. el esfuerzo de cizalle t
5. velocidad de cizalle g
Estas variables deben cumplir las ecuaciones de
continuidad y momentum lineal. Para el flujo
estacionario de cualquier fluido se cumple la relacin
entre el esfuerzo de cizalle y el gradiente de presin:
Esfuerzo de cizalle
1 p
t 0 T ( R)
R
2 L
E
rz
1 p
T (r )
r
2 L
E
rz
Modelo de Bingham
vz
T (r ) t y K
r
E
rz
0.03
Yield stress 15 Pa
Yield stress 20 Pa
Yield stress 50 Pa
0.02
Radius r , m
0.01
0.00
0.0
0.5
1.0
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
1.5
t
1 pR
r 1
r
y
1 1 ; for t t y
vz ( r )
2 KL t w R 2 R
2
2
t y
1 pR t y t y 1
vz ( r )
1 1 ; for t t y
2 KL t w t w 2 t w
pR
4ty 1ty
1
vz
8KL 3 t w 3 t w
8vz 1 pD
4ty 1ty
1
gw
D 4 KL 3 t w 3 t w
Re B 6 Re B 3 f L Re B 7
Rgimen Turbulento:
fT 10a Re B b ;
donde
a 1.47(1 0.146exp(2.9 105 He)
b 0.193
Factor de friccin para cualquier rgimen:
f ( f L m fT m )1/ m
m 1.7
40000
Re B
Modelo de Potencia
vz
E
Trz (r ) m
( n 1) n
nR pR
r
vz ( r )
1
n 1 2mL R
1n
0.015
n=0.20
n=0.33
n=0.50
Pipe radius r , m
0.010
0.005
0.000
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
-0.005
n=1.00
-0.010
-0.015
4.0
1n
n 1
pR
2
Q R
3
n
1
2
mL
1n
n pR n 1
vz
3
n
1
2
mL
gw
3n 1 8vz
4n
3n 1 8vz
, tw m
D
4
n
D
2mL 3n 1 Q
p n 1
R n R2
t
t
16
4 y 1 y
1
f
Re B 3 t w 3 t w
f smooth 4.53log Re B
f rough
for Re B 4000
f 2.3 4.5log(1 t y t w )
f water ;rough
f mooth
f
water ;smooth
for Re B 4000; Re 5
for Re B 4000; 5 Re 70
2
D
f 4.07 log
3.36 ;
2
Re 1 f Re PL
for Re B 4000, Re 70
1 3n
6
n 2 n
D
V
n
Re B
;
K
n 1 2n
2
n
Rgimen Laminar:
16
f PL
Re PL
t Kg n
Rgimen Turbulento:
f PL 1/ 2 4log Re PL f PL1/ 2 0.4
OBS: No se reportan relaciones para factores de friccin
que incluyan la rugosidad de las paredes.