Configuracin Avanzada de Routers

Redistribucin entre RIP y OSPF

Topologa:

Objetivos:
Revisar la configuracin de RIP y OSPF, y verificarla.
Configurar interfaces pasivas en RIP y OSPF.
Filtrar actualizaciones de enrutamiento usando listas de distribucin (distribute
lists)
Redistribuir rutas estticas en RIP
Redistribuir rutas RIP en OSPF
Redistribuir rutas OSPF en RIP
Generar una ruta por defecto en OSPF
Poner la mtrica seed por defecto
Modificar tipos de redes externas de OSPF
Configurar direcciones sumarizadas.

Desarrollo:
1.- Configurar las interfaces fsicas y lgicas en los routers.
2.- Configurar RIPv2 en R1 y R2.
R1(config)# router rip
R1(config-router)# version 2
R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.48.0
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.49.0
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.50.0
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.51.0
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.70.0
R2(config)# router rip
R2(config-router)# version 2
R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0
Verificar las rutas ingresadas a la tabla de enrutamiento de R1 y R2.
Tambin se puede usar el comando show ip rip database para ver informacin del
protocolo RIP.
R1# show ip route rip
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
R
172.16.23.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0/0
R
172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0/0
R2# show ip route rip
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
R
172.16.1.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.51.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.50.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.49.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.48.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R1# show ip rip database
172.16.0.0/16 auto-summary
172.16.1.0/24 directly connected, Loopback0
172.16.2.0/24
[1] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:06, Serial0/0/0
172.16.12.0/24 directly connected, Serial0/0/0
172.16.23.0/24
[1] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:06, Serial0/0/0
192.168.48.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.48.0/24 directly connected, Loopback48
2

192.168.49.0/24
192.168.49.0/24
192.168.50.0/24
192.168.50.0/24
192.168.51.0/24
192.168.51.0/24
192.168.70.0/24
192.168.70.0/24

auto-summary
directly connected,
auto-summary
directly connected,
auto-summary
directly connected,
auto-summary
directly connected,

Loopback49
Loopback50
Loopback51
Loopback70

R2# show ip rip database

172.16.0.0/16 auto-summary
172.16.1.0/24
[1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/0
172.16.2.0/24 directly connected, Loopback0
172.16.12.0/24 directly connected, Serial0/0/0
172.16.23.0/24 directly connected, Serial0/0/1
192.168.48.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.48.0/24
[1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/0
192.168.49.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.49.0/24
[1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/0
192.168.50.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.50.0/24
[1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/0
192.168.51.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.51.0/24
[1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/0
192.168.70.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.70.0/24
[1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/0
3.- Configurar las interfaces pasivas en RIP.
Con el comando show ip protocols se identifican las interfaces por las cuales
RIP enva inromacin updates en R2.
R2# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 13 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2
Interface
Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
Serial0/0/0
2
2
Serial0/0/1
2
2
Loopback0
2
2
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
3

Routing for Networks:

172.16.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance
172.16.12.1
120

Last Update
00:00:26 Distance: (default is 120)

No se desea enviar updates de RIP por la interface serial hacia R3.

R2(config)# router rip
R2(config-router)# passive-interface serial 0/0/1
Revisar, nuevamente, la informacin del comando show ip protocols en R2.
Comentar.
La configuracin anterior altera la informacin de la tabla de enrutamiento en R1?
Evitar que los routers enven update hacia sus interfaces loopback.
R1(config)# router rip
R1(config-router)# passive-interface
R1(config-router)# passive-interface
R1(config-router)# passive-interface
R1(config-router)# passive-interface
R1(config-router)# passive-interface
R1(config-router)# passive-interface

loopback
loopback
loopback
loopback
loopback
loopback

0
48
49
50
51
70

R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#passive-interface loopback 0
4.- Aplicar sumarizacin con RIP.
Revisar la tabla de enrutamiento de R2 y detectar las redes que pueden ser
sumarizadas.
R2# show ip route rip
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
R
172.16.1.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.51.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.50.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.49.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.48.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:29, Serial0/0/0
En R1, aplicar los comandos siguientes para sumarizar usando la direccin
192.168.48.0 255.255.252.0:
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.48.0 255.255.252.0 null0
R1(config)# router rip
R1(config-router)# redistribute static
Para verificar el resultado de esta sumarizacin, revisar la tabla de enrutamiento en
R1 y en R2:
4

R1# show ip route

<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
R
172.16.23.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:27, Serial0/0/0
C
172.16.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C
172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R
172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:27, Serial0/0/0
C 192.168.51.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback51
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback50
C 192.168.49.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback49
C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback70
C 192.168.48.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback48
S 192.168.48.0/22 is directly connected, Null0
R2# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C
172.16.23.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
C
172.16.12.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R
172.16.1.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0
C
172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R
192.168.51.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0
R
192.168.50.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0
R
192.168.49.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0
R
192.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:07, Serial0/0/0
R
192.168.48.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:07, Serial0/0/0
R
192.168.48.0/22 [120/1] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:07, Serial0/0/0
Nota:
Cisco IOS no permite utilizar el comando ip summary-address rip para sumarizar
usando una mscara de subred inferior a la correspondiente a la clase (en este caso /
24).
5.- Configurar OSPF en R2 y R3.
R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# network 172.16.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R3(config)# router ospf 1
R3(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)# network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Revisar las tablas de vecinos respectivas.
R2# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID
Pri State

Dead Time Address

Interface
5

192.168.40.1

0 FULL/ -

00:00:37

172.16.23.3

R3# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID
Pri State
Dead Time Address
172.16.2.1
0 FULL/ 00:00:39 172.16.23.2

Serial0/0/1
Interface
Serial0/0/1

R2# show ip route ospf

192.168.30.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O
192.168.30.1 [110/65] via 172.16.23.3, 00:04:41, Serial0/0/1
192.168.25.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O
192.168.25.1 [110/65] via 172.16.23.3, 00:04:41, Serial0/0/1
192.168.40.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O
192.168.40.1 [110/65] via 172.16.23.3, 00:04:41, Serial0/0/1
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
O
172.16.3.1/32 [110/65] via 172.16.23.3, 00:00:20, Serial0/0/1
192.168.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O
192.168.20.1 [110/65] via 172.16.23.3, 00:04:41, Serial0/0/1
192.168.35.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O
192.168.35.1 [110/65] via 172.16.23.3, 00:04:41, Serial0/0/1
R3# show ip route ospf
R3# show ip route
Nota:
El comando network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 permite a OSPF incluir a todas
las interfaces loopback dentro del rango.
Un error comn es que OSPF anuncia todo el rango de la red que figura en la
declaracin de red del router; ciertamente no lo hace. Sin embargo, s anuncia
cualquier subred conectada en todo ese rango de direcciones a los routers
adyacentes. Se puede verificar esto viendo el resultado del comando show ip route
en R2. Se ve una superred 192.168.0.0/16?
R2 es el nico router con todas las rutas en la topologa, ya que est involucrado con
ambos protocolos de enrutamiento.
6.- Configuracin de las interfaces pasivas para OSPF. (mtodo ms rpido para este
caso)
R3(config)# router ospf 1
R3(config-router)# passive-interface default
R3(config-router)#
*Oct 15 01:49:44.174: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.2.1 on Serial0/0/1
from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
R3(config-router)# no passive-interface serial 0/0/1
R3(config-router)#
*Oct 15 01:49:55.438: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.2.1 on Serial0/0/1
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
Verificar usando el comando show ip protocols
6

R3# show ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.40.1
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
Passive Interface(s):
FastEthernet0/0
FastEthernet0/1
Serial0/0/0
Serial0/1/0
Serial0/1/1
Loopback0
Loopback20
Loopback25
Loopback30
Loopback35
Loopback40
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
Distance: (default is 110)
7.- Permitir la redistribucin de rutas en un sentido.
R2(config)# router rip
R2(config-router)# redistribute ospf 1 metric 4
Si no se especifica una mtrica predeterminada en RIP, da rutas una mtrica infinita y
no se anuncian.
Verificar con el comando show ip protocols:
R2# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 24 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Redistributing: rip, ospf 1
Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2
Interface
Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
Serial0/0/0
2
2
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
7

Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks:

Passive Interface(s):
Serial0/0/1
Loopback0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
172.16.12.1
120
00:00:19
Distance: (default is 120) ...
<output omitted>

172.16.0.0

Al observar la tabla de enrutamiento en R1 con el comando show ip route, se ve que

tiene todas las rutas en la topologa. Sin embargo, hacer ping a una loopback de R3
no resulta porque R3 no tiene una ruta de vuelta a R1. Se puede verificar esto con el
comando traceroute en R1.
R1# show ip route rip
192.168.30.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R
192.168.30.1 [120/4] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0
192.168.25.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R
192.168.25.1 [120/4] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0
192.168.40.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R
192.168.40.1 [120/4] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
R
172.16.23.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0
R
172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0
R
172.16.3.1/32 [120/4] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0
192.168.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R
192.168.20.1 [120/4] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0
192.168.35.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R
192.168.35.1 [120/4] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0
R1# ping 192.168.30.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.30.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success
rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R1# traceroute 192.168.30.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.30.1
1
172.16.12.2 12 msec 12 msec 16 msec
2
* * *
3
* * *
4
* * *
<remaining output omitted>
Para solucionar este problema, se puede originar una ruta por defecto en OSPF de
R2 para que los pings se dirijan de nuevo hacia R2. R2 utiliza su informacin de RIPv2
enviar pings de nuevo a R1.
Verificar que esta ruta se muestra en la tabla de enrutamiento de R3.

R2(config)# router ospf 1

R2(config-router)# default-information originate always
R3# show ip route ospf
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 172.16.23.2, 00:05:13, Serial0/0/1
Verificar conectividad entre R1 y R3.
8.- Aplicar redistribucin de rutas en los dos protocolos de enrutamiento.
Podemos sustituir la ruta por defecto en OSPF por el comando de redistribucin.
No es necesario especificar una mtrica predeterminada en OSPF.
R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# no default-information originate always
R2(config-router)# redistribute rip
% Only classful networks will be redistributed
R2(config-router)# redistribute rip subnets
Verificar observando la tabla de enrutamiento en R3 y probando conectividad entre
R1 y R3.
R3# show ip route ospf
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O E2 172.16.12.0 [110/20] via 172.16.23.2, 00:00:01, Serial0/0/1
O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 172.16.23.2, 00:00:01, Serial0/0/1
O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 172.16.23.2, 00:00:01, Serial0/0/1
O E2 192.168.70.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.23.2, 00:04:19, Serial0/0/1
O E2 192.168.48.0/22 [110/20] via 172.16.23.2, 00:04:19, Serial0/0/1
9.- Poner una mtrica seed por defecto
Bajo cualquier protocolo de enrutamiento, se puede especificar una mtrica semilla
por defecto que se utilizar para la redistribucin, en lugar de o adems de
establecer indicadores sobre una base por protocolo. Se observa que el indicador que
aparece en la tabla de enrutamiento de R3 que se muestra arriba es de 20. En R2,
bajo el indicador de configuracin de OSPF, usar el comando default-metric mtrica
para configurar una mtrica por defecto para las rutas redistribuidas.
Verificar la nueva mtrica en la tabla de enrutamiento de R3. Se puede tomar un
poco de tiempo para la nueva mtrica para propagarse.
R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# default-metric 10000
R3# show ip route ospf
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O E2 172.16.12.0 [110/10000] via 172.16.23.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0/1
O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/10000] via 172.16.23.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0/1
9

O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/10000] via 172.16.23.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0/1

O E2 192.168.70.0/24 [110/10000] via 172.16.23.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0/1
O E2 192.168.48.0/22 [110/10000] via 172.16.23.2, 00:02:56, Serial0/0/1
10.- Cambiar el tipo de ruta externa OSPF.
En este ltimo paso, observar la tabla de enrutamiento de R3. Tener en cuenta
que las rutas externas redistribuidas () rutas externas se indican con el cdigo O E2.
Observe tambin que la mtrica es exactamente la misma que la mtrica de semillas
dado en el paso anterior. O significa OSPF, y E2 significa externa, tipo 2. En OSPF, hay
dos tipos de mtricas externas, y E2 es el valor predeterminado. La mtrica de una
ruta externa Tipo 1 aumenta como una ruta habitual, mientras que la mtrica de una
ruta externa Tipo 2 no aumenta a medida que se anuncian a travs del dominio OSPF.
R2(config)# router ospf 1
R2(config-router)# redistribute rip sub metric-type 1
R3# show ip route ospf
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O E1
172.16.12.0 [110/10064] via 172.16.23.2, 00:03:05, Serial0/0/1
O E1
172.16.1.0 [110/10064] via 172.16.23.2, 00:03:05, Serial0/0/1
O E1
172.16.2.0 [110/10064] via 172.16.23.2, 00:03:05, Serial0/0/1
O E1 192.168.70.0/24 [110/10064] via 172.16.23.2, 00:03:05, Serial0/0/1
O E1 192.168.48.0/22 [110/10064] via 172.16.23.2, 00:03:05, Serial0/0/1

10