Resumen Petrografía 2
Resumen Petrografía 2
Resumen Petrografía 2
#2
Alumno: Calle Canchari, Williams Sairy 20177505F
14 DE ABRIL DE 2019
FORMA, TAMAÑO Y CRISTALIZACIÓN DE GRANOS, TEXTURAS Y
ESTRUCTURAS PRINCIPALES EN ROCAS ÍGNEAS, SEDIMENTARIAS Y
METAMORFICAS
Los vidrios y cristales forman parte de rocas ígneas debido al enfriamiento rápido y lento
respectivamente, donde las moléculas del cristal están ordenados y dispuestos en forma
definida en cambio la del vidrio es todo lo contrario, siendo un sólido amorfo con menor
densidad que un cristal. Las rocas que contienen cristales son aquellos que se originan
bajo presión en cambio los de vidrio son originados por menos presión.
Los factores que influyen en el tamaño de los cristales son la velocidad de enfriamiento,
densidad del magma, concentración molecular y grado de quietud o perturbación. La
textura escoriácea que son propias de las escorias volcánicas que aparecen plagadas de
cavidades antes ocupadas por gas.
Las rocas ígneas pueden tener diversas texturas por la velocidad de enfriamiento de estas,
como textura vítrea, que se solidifica en estado amorfo. Textura porfídica, aparece
cuando se forman cristales que se pueden apreciar a simple vista rodeados de una pasta
vítrea. Textura microcristalina, cristales microscópicos que no se pueden observar a
simple vista. Textura aplítica, los cristales tienen, aproximadamente, el mismo tamaño.
Textura pegmatítica, formada por una matriz amorfa en la que hay cristales grandes que
se pueden observar a simple vista. Textura escoriácea, propia de las escorias volcánicas
que aparecen plagadas de cavidades antes ocupadas por gas.
El color es una característica útil de las rocas, pero puede confundir. En general las rocas
máficas son más oscuras que las intermedias y las silíceas por su mayor contenido de
minerales máficos.
Las Maclas ocurren cuando un mineral se agrupa en 2 o mas de la misma especie han
girado una cierta porción del círculo, 180°,90°,270°, etc. En el caso de un giro de 180°
un mineral se refleja en el otro como si se tratara de un espejo, el plano de macla. Existen
diversos tipos de maclas como, maclas múltiples, polisintéticas, cíclicas, de contacto y de
penetración.
The habit or global form of a crystal, is the relative development of the different
crystalline forms (faces), and the most common habits are: Isometric (cubes,
octahedrons), Prismatic, Tabular and Laminar, Acicular.
Glasses and crystals are part of igneous rocks due to the rapid and slow cooling,
respectively, where the crystal molecules are arranged and arranged in a definite way
instead of the glass is the opposite, being an amorphous solid with a lower density than a
crystal. The rocks that contain crystals are those that originate under pressure while the
glass ones are originated by less pressure.
The factors that influence the size of the crystals are the speed of cooling, density of the
magma, molecular concentration and degree of stillness or disturbance. The scoriaceous
texture that are characteristic of volcanic scoria that appear plagued by cavities previously
occupied by gas.
The factors that influence the size of the crystals are the speed of cooling, the density of
the magma, the molecular concentration and the degree of stillness or disturbance.
MAIN TEXTURES OF THE IRON ROCKS
Volcanic rocks Pyroclastic Vitrea or Holohialina or cryptocrystalline
Subvolcanic rocks Porphidoafanite Afanítica Mesocristalina Hialocristalina
Hippabisal rocks porphyritic Microcrystalline subdiomorph
Plutonic rocks Faneritic or granular Pegmatitic Aplitic
MOST IMPORTANT TEXTURES OF SOME SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:
Rock Texture
Limestone and Dolomite Crystalline Crystal
Sandstone Clastic
Limolite (mud) Rounded, sub-angular, angular
Argillita (mud) Rounded, subangulosa, angled
Gap (O. Sed.) Angular
Conglomerate (O.Sed) Rounded to subangulosa
Agglomerate (O. volcanic) Rounded to angular
TEXTURES - MAIN STRUCTURES OF THE METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Skull Cataclastic
maculosa flaser
milonitic gnastics
granulosa augen
hornfélsica
Igneous rocks can have different textures because of their cooling speed, as a vitreous
texture, which solidifies in an amorphous state. Porphyritic texture, appears when crystals
are formed that can be seen with the naked eye surrounded by a glassy paste.
Microcrystalline texture, microscopic crystals that can not be seen with the naked eye.
Aplitic texture, the crystals are approximately the same size. Pegmatitic texture, formed
by an amorphous matrix in which there are large crystals that can be seen with the naked
eye. Scoriaceous texture, typical of volcanic scoria that appear plagued by cavities
previously occupied by gas.
Color is a useful feature of rocks, but it can be confusing. In general, mafic rocks are
darker than intermediate rocks and siliceous rocks because of their higher content of mafic
minerals.
The structure is the distribution and spatial order of crystals or grains within the rock at
macroscopic and microscopic scales, respectively. The most common types of structures
are referred to the form of the mineral component of the rock, referred to the degree of
crystallization of the minerals, referred to the origin of the component minerals of the
rocks, referred to the state and the properties of the sedimentary rocks.
Maclas occur when a mineral is grouped in 2 or more of the same species have rotated a
certain portion of the circle, 180 °, 90 °, 270 °, etc. In the case of a 180 ° turn, one mineral
is reflected in the other as if it were a mirror, the twin plane. There are different types of
twins, such as multiple, polysynthetic, cyclic, contact and penetration twins.
The Eutectic is a point of a mixture of two or more components called binary eutectic and
tertiary eutectic respectively, where in a constant proportion of the constituents crystallize
simultaneously with melting point solidification or vaporization point minimum
liquefaction, lower than corresponding to each of the compounds in their pure state. This
generates a peculiar graphical texture that is due to the simultaneous crystallization of
quartz and potassium feldspar. The aspect is that of a potassium feldspar crystal that
includes numerous cuneiform quartz crystals, although in reality the latter forms a single
crystal intimately intertwined with feldspar. It is a relatively frequent texture in granites,
although it can occur in other plutonic rocks (syenites, ijolites ...).