Clase. Grado Ana
Clase. Grado Ana
Clase. Grado Ana
Schisandra chinensis
ENLACES A CONSULTAR
Nymphaeaceae:
http://www.thecompositaehut.com/www_tch/webcurso_spv/familias_pv/nymphaea
ceae.html
Cabombaceae:
http://www.thecompositaehut.com/www_tch/webcurso_spv/familias_pv/cabombac
eae.html
Amborellaceae:
http://www.thecompositaehut.com/www_tch/webcurso_spv/familias_pv/amborella
ceae.html
Austrobaileyaceae: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-662-02899-
5_11
Schisandraceae: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10803
Trimeniaceae: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-662-02899-5_73
Filogenia de Angiospermas:
http://www2.biologie.fuberlin.de/sysbot/poster/poster1.pdf
- Diploide y poliploide.
• Variedad de hábitos.
• Taninos hidrosolubles.
Caracteres ancestrales/primitivos de las
Angiospermas
I. Leñosas.
II. Hojas persistentes, simples y reticuladas
III. Flores hermafroditas, apétalas, actinomorfas.
IV. Gineceo policárpico con carpelos libres.
V. Androceo poliándrico.
Origen de las Angiospermas
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/2904902
58_fig1_Fig-5-Carpel-closure-patterns-in-
angiosperms-A-schematic-drawing-of-carpel-
of-a Endress & Doyle (2015)
LEYENDA DE LA FIGURA ANTERIOR EN EL TRABAJO DEL AUTOR
Número de géneros: 1
Número de especies: 1, Amborella trichopoda
Inflorescencias: determinada,
axilares con flores unisexuales
y actinomorfas, planta dioica.
Filamento
Tecas
Inflorescencia masculina
Carpelos libres
Tépalos
Inflorescencia femenina
Presencia de mucílago.
Tépalos 4–12.
Androceo poliándrico.
Caracteres diagnósticos:
• Hierbas acuáticas.
• Brotes y hojas generalmente recubiertas de capas de mucílago.
• Hojas flotantes peltadas.
• Flores con perianto por lo general trímero.
Número de géneros: 2
Número de especies: 6
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/225075193_fig13_Figure-13-A-F-SEM-pollen-
grains-of-Brasenia-schreberi-A-Pollen-grain-viewed (Remizowa et al., 2008)
Caracteres diagnósticos FAMILIA HYDATELLACEAE
Trithuria sp.
SEM of Trithuria submersa, dehiscent fruits (A–D) and seeds (E–F). (A, B) Lateral views
of fruits; proximal side to the right, bases of collapsed stigmatic papillae to the left in
both figures. (C, D) Views of fruits from proximal side. (C) An unusual fruit with two
veins very close to each other (to the right of the figure). The third vein is on the
opposite side of the fruit. (D) Typical fruit with three equally spaced veins, each
separating from neighboring tissues due to hygroscopic curvature. Note seed surface
partly visible in A, C, and D. (E) Side view of seed. (F) View of seed from micropylar
side. Scale bars ¼ 150 lm (A, B, D) and 100 lm (C, E, F).
https://www.researchga
te.net/publication/2250
75193_Comparative_po
llen_morphology_in_th
e_earlydivergent_angio
sperm_family_Hydatella
ceae_reveals_variation_
at_the_infraspecific_lev
el (Remizowa et al.,
2008)
Número de géneros: 5
Número de especies: 70
Distribución geográfica: cosmopolita.
Hábitat: cuerpos de agua dulce y ríos lentos. Usualmente crecen en
aguas superficiales con sustrato de alto contenido orgánico, los que se
pueden secar estacionalmente.
Géneros importantes: Nymphaea y Nuphar.
Nymphaea siamensis
Victoria regia
Inflorescencias: axilares o flores solitarias, las flores
se desarrollan por encima del agua.
Flores: actinomorfas, bisexuales; sépalos 4-9,
semejantes a los pétalos; pétalos numerosos,
transformándose gradualmente en estambres;
estambres numerosos; ovario ínfero
(Nymphea y Victoria) ó súpero (Nymphea), carpelos
3-40, completa a incompletamente fusionados,
estilos unidos formando un disco expandido,
placentación laminar, óvulos numerosos,
Victoria amazonica anátropos.
http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/aa/v41n1/a03fig01.jpg
Frutos: cápsulas bacciformes, frecuentemente ovoides de
dehiscencia irregular.
Semillas: numerosas, ovoides, arilo carnoso a veces presente.
http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/aa/v41n1/a03fig02.jpg
Semillas: numerosas, ovoides, arilo carnoso a veces
presente.
http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/aa/v41n1/a03fig02.jpg
https://www.paldat.org/pub/Nymphaea_alba/
103433
- Plantas leñosas.
- Ácido tíglico.
- Terpenos aromáticos.
FAMILIA AUSTROBAILEYACEAE: CARACTERES DIAGNÓSTICOS
- Ausencia de indumento.
https://plantstomata.wordpress
.com/2015/09/10/stomata-of-
basal-angiosperms/
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/deta
iledresult.php?img=PMC33451
24_pls01002&req=4
Williams (2012)
LEYENDA DE LA FIGURA ANTERIOR
Pollen germination of A. scandens. (A) Two-celled pollen from female phase flower (closed
anther) with IKI-stained granules in vegetative (tube) cell cytoplasm. (B) Pollen from open
anther in immersion oil, showing dehydrated state at presentation (DIC). (C) In vitro hydrated
pollen, just before germination (DIC). (D) Immature pollen (female phase of flower) with AB
staining of extra-apertural endexine (en) and isolated endexine in aperture wall (asterisk). (E)
Mature pollen from open anther (AB). Note AB stain in a thin layer of endexine which is
thickened at the aperture edge, absent in its margins and present in the centre of the
apertural wall (asterisk). Clumps of AB-stained material (of tapetal origin) are associated with
the outer apertural wall. Note also the bulging of intine through aperture, probably caused
by partial hydration of pollen during fixation. (F) Pollen from open anther showing intine
stained by ruthenium red. (G) In vitro germinated pollen showing AB stain in inner pollen
wall and its continuity with the emerging inner tube wall. Note that the tube tip (asterisk) in
the background lacks AB staining. (H) Emergence of pollen tube has ruptured part of pollen
wall and pushed aside aperture covering. Note strong AB staining of a presumably callose
annulus (ca) at base of tube. (I, J) A ring of AB-stained material is prominent at the proximal
pole of many mature and germinated pollen grains, marking the location of the generative
cell wall (gw). Scale bars = 10 µm. (I) Callose wall of generative cell inside of intine. (J)
Remnants of callose wall of generative cell. (K) In vivo germinated pollen (3 hap) with faintly
stained tube nucleus (tn) in association with the generative cell near the young pollen tube
tip (asterisk) (DAPI). Pollen from (G), (H), (J) and (K) was fixed and stained 2 h after
innoculation on growth medium. (A), (D–F) and (I) are from methacrylate sections. a,
aperture; aw, aperture wall; g, generative cell; gn, generative cell nucleus; i, intine; td,
tapetal deposits; v, vegetative cell nucleus. Scale bars = 20 µm, except where noted.
FAMILIA SCHISANDRACEAE: CARACTERES DIAGNÓSTICOS
•Flavonas ausentes.
FAMILIA SCHISANDRACEAE
Illicum sp.
Schisandra chinensis Illicum sp. Kadsura heteroclita
Illicium floridanum
Schisandra chinensis
Seed surface of
Schisandraceae showing
smooth, reticulate, and
colliculate patterns. A
Kadsura coccinea (Wang
43892, IBSC). B K.
marmorata (Clemens
29250, L). C Schisandra
rubriflora (Tsai 57914, A).
D- E Longitudinal sections
of seeds showing seed
wall, endosperm (es), and
embryo. Arrow head
Semillas: 1-5(-11) por fruto, indicates embryo. D K.
subglobosas a ovoides o reniformes, longipedunculata (Tsang
20826, L). E K. marmorata
aplanadas, con la testa dura o (Clemens 29250, L). Scale
quebradiza, lisa, rugulosa o bars: A-C = 60 l m, D- E = 1
tuberculada, endospermo abundante, mm.
oleoso, embrión pequeño.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/225525266_fig2_Fig-2-A-C-Seed-surface-of-
Schisandraceae-showing-smooth-reticulate-and-colliculate (Denk & Oh, 2005)
Polen: globular a oblato, hexacolpado, a veces tricolpado, 3
colpos convergentes (sincolpado) en el polo
distal; exina semitectada-reticulada, muros
altos, endexina continua.
https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/99/3/451/2465231/Pollination-of-
Schisandra-henryi-Schisandraceae-by (Yuan et al., 2007)