Act 4 - JC Amaro Reyes
Act 4 - JC Amaro Reyes
Act 4 - JC Amaro Reyes
Caracterización de Materiales
Actividad #4
Problemas De Difracción
1895561
Ingeniería en Materiales
Grupo: 001
8 de noviembre de 2022
1. Calcule la energía en keV de la radiación característica de (a) Cr-Ka1 (λ =
2.2897 Å); y (b) Mo-Ka1 ( λ = 0.7093 Å).
a) Cr-K1 (λ = 2.2897 Å)
𝑚
ℎ𝑐 (4.136𝑥10−15 𝑒𝑉−𝑠)((3𝑥108 s )
E= = = 5419.05 eV = 5.419 KeV
λ 2.2897𝑥10−10 𝑚
b) Mo-K1 (λ = 2.2897 Å)
𝑚
ℎ𝑐 (4.136𝑥10−15 𝑒𝑉−𝑠)((3𝑥108 )
s
E= = = 17493.3 eV = 17.493 KeV
λ 0.7093𝑥10−10 𝑚
2. A continuación, se listan 5 distancias interplanares más largas en la
estructura cristalina de un material dado d = 4.967, 3.215, 2.212 y 1.607 Å.
En consideración de ello, calcule los ángulos de Bragg a los que ocurren sus
correspondientes reflexiones si la radiación usada es (a) Cr-Ka1 (λ = 2.2897
Å); y (b) Cu-Ka1 ( λ = 1.5406 Å).
Partiendo de la ecuación:
𝒏𝛌
2𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛λ, Despejando para 𝜃, 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠; 𝜽 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( )
𝟐𝒅
a) Cr-K1 (λ = 2.2897 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(2.2897 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 13.133°; 2𝜃 = 26.66°
2𝑑 (2)(4.967 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(2.2897 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 20.86°; 2𝜃 = 41.72°
2𝑑 (2)(3.215 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(2.2897 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 27.46°; 2𝜃 = 54.92°
2𝑑 (2)(2.483 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(2.2897 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 31.17°; 2𝜃 = 62.34°
2𝑑 (2)(2.212 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(2.2897 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 45.43°; 2𝜃 = 90.86°
2𝑑 (2)(1.607 Å)
b) Cu-Ka1 ( λ = 1.5406 Å).
𝑛λ (1)(1.5406 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 8.92°; 2𝜃 = 17.84°
2𝑑 (2)(4.967 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(1.5406 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 13.86°; 2𝜃 = 27.72°
2𝑑 (2)(4.967 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(1.5406 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 18.07°; 2𝜃 = 36.14°
2𝑑 (2)(4.967 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(1.5406 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 20.38°; 2𝜃 = 40.76°
2𝑑 (2)(4.967 Å)
𝑛λ (1)(1.5406 Å)
𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1( ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [ ] = 28.64°; 2𝜃 = 57.28°
2𝑑 (2)(4.967 Å)
𝒂 𝒏𝛌
𝒅𝒉𝒌𝒍 = 𝟐𝜽 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( )
√𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 + 𝒍𝟐 𝒅𝒉𝒌𝒍
5.406 Å (1)(5.406 Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 3.1212 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 29.577°
√(1)2 + (1)2 + (1)2 3.1212 Å
5.406 Å (1)(5.406 Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.5606 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) = 59.15°
√(2)2 + (2)2 + (2)2 3.1212 Å
4. A temperatura ambiente el lantánido cerio (Ce) tiene una estructura cristalina
cúbica centrada en las caras (FCC), conocida como γ-Ce (Fm3m) con
parámetro de red a = 5.161 Å. Cuando es enfriado por debajo de los 77 K
éste se transforma a 𝛼-Ce, que también exhibe una estructura cristalina FCC
(Fm3m), pero a = 4.85 Å. En consideración de ello: (a) calcule el ángulo de
Bragg, 2𝜃, al que pueden observarse reflexiones para ambos, γ-Ce y 𝛼 -Ce,
en un intervalo de entre 0 y 100°; considerando para ello radiación Cu-K1 (λ
= 1.5406 Å); y (b) esquematice ambos patrones de difracción, indicando la
posición calculada para las posibles reflexiones.
a) γ-Ce (a = 5.161 Å)
𝒂 𝒏𝛌
𝒅𝒉𝒌𝒍 = 𝟐𝜽 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( )
√𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 + 𝒍𝟐 𝒅𝒉𝒌𝒍
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
111: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 2.9797 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 29.96°
√(1)2 + (1)2 + (1)2 2(2.9797 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
200: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 2.5805 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 34.73°
√(2)2 + (0)2 + (0)2 2(2.5805 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
220: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.8247 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 49.94°
√(2)2 + (2)2 + (0)2 2(1.8247 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
311: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.5561 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 59.34°
√(3)2 + (1)2 + (1)2 2(1.5561 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
222: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.4898Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 62.27°
√(2)2 + (2)2 + (2)2 2(1.4898 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
400: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.2902 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 73.32°
√(4)2 + (0)2 + (0)2 2(1.2902 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
331: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.1840 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 81.17°
√(3)2 + (3)2 + (1)2 2(1.1840 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
420: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.1540 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 83.75°
√(4)2 + (2)2 + (0)2 2(1.1540 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
422: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.0535 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 93.97°
√(4)2 + (2)2 + (2)2 2(1.0535 Å)
5.161 Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
333: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 0.9932 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 101.71°
√(3)2 + (3)2 + (3)2 2(0.9932 Å)
a) 𝛼 -Ce (a = 4.85 Å)
𝒂 𝒏𝛌
𝒅𝒉𝒌𝒍 = 𝟐𝜽 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( )
√𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 + 𝒍𝟐 𝒅𝒉𝒌𝒍
4.85Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
111: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 2.8 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 31.94°
√(1)2 + (1)2 + (1)2 2(2.8 Å)
4.85Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
200: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 2.425 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 37.04°
√(2)2 + (0)2 + (0)2 2(2.425 Å)
4.85Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
220: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.7147 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 53.39°
√(2)2 + (2)2 + (0)2 2(1.7147 Å)
4.85Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
311: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.4623 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 63.57°
√(3)2 + (1)2 + (1)2 2(1.4623 Å)
4.85Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
420: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.0845 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 90.52°
√(4)2 + (2)2 + (0)2 2(1.0845 Å)
4.85Å (1)(1.5406 Å)
422: 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 0.9900 Å 𝟐𝜃 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( )= 102.17°
√(4)2 + (2)2 + (2)2 2(0.9900 Å)
𝒏𝛌
𝒅𝒉𝒌𝒍 = 𝒂 = 𝒅𝒉𝒌𝒍 (√𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 + 𝒍𝟐 )
𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏(𝜽)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 2.3591 Å 𝑎 = (2.3591) (√(1)2 + (1)2 + (1)2 ) = 4.086 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(38.116⁄2)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 2.0441 Å 𝑎 = (2.0441) (√(2)2 + (0)2 + (0)2 ) = 4.088 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(44.277⁄2)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.445 Å 𝑎 = (1.445) (√(2)2 + (2)2 + (0)2) = 4.087 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(64.426⁄2)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.231 Å 𝑎 = (1.231) (√(3)2 + (1)2 + (1)2) = 4.082 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(77.472⁄2)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.179 Å 𝑎 = (1.179) (√(2)2 + (2)2 + (2)2) = 4.084 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(81.537⁄2)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 1.0215 Å 𝑎 = (1.0215) (√(4)2 + (0)2 + (0)2 ) = 4.086 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(97.888⁄2)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 0.9376 Å 𝑎 = (0.9376) (√(3)2 + (3)2 + (1)2 ) = 4.087 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(110.49⁄2)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 0.9137 Å 𝑎 = (0.9137) (√(4)2 + (2)2 + (0)2 ) = 4.086 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(114.92⁄2)
(1)(1.5406Å)
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = = 0.8341 Å 𝑎 = (0.8341) (√(4)2 + (2)2 + (2)2 ) = 4.086 Å
2𝑆𝑖𝑛(134.88⁄2)