ADA02 EcuacionesDiferenciales
ADA02 EcuacionesDiferenciales
ADA02 EcuacionesDiferenciales
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
ASIGNATURA: ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 02
𝒅𝒚
+ 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒚𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝝁(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙)𝒚𝒃 𝒃 = −𝒏
𝟏 (𝟏−𝒏) ∫𝑸(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆 𝑷(𝒙)
𝑷(𝒙)
𝟏 (𝟏−𝟐) ∫𝟏𝒅𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆 𝟏 = 𝒆−𝒙
𝟏
𝝏𝐌 𝝏𝐍
= −𝒆−𝒙 𝒚−𝟐 = −𝒆−𝒙 𝒚−𝟐 ∴ 𝑬𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒂
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
Entrando por N:
𝝏𝐍
= 𝒆−𝒙 𝒚−𝟐
𝝏𝒚
∫ 𝝏𝐍 = ∫ 𝒆−𝒙 𝒚−𝟐 𝝏𝒚
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = −𝒆−𝒙 𝒚−𝟏 + 𝒈(𝒙)
𝝏𝐟
= 𝒆−𝒙 𝒚−𝟏 + 𝒈′(𝒙)
𝝏𝒚
Igualando a M:
𝒈′ (𝒙) == −𝒙𝒆−𝒙
𝒆−𝒙 (−𝒚−𝟏 + 𝒙 + 𝟏) = 𝒄
−𝒚−𝟏 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝒄𝒆𝒙
𝟏
𝒚=−
𝒄𝒆𝒙 −𝒙−𝟏
2. 𝒚′ − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝒙𝒚−𝟒
𝒅𝒚
− 𝟑𝒚 = 𝒙𝒚−𝟒
𝒅𝒙
𝝁(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒇(𝒙)𝒚𝒃 𝒃 = −𝒏
𝟏 (𝟏−𝒏) ∫𝑸(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆 𝑷(𝒙)
𝑷(𝒙)
𝟏 (𝟏+𝟒) ∫−𝟑𝒅𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆 𝟏 = 𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙
𝟏
𝝁(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒚𝟒
𝝏𝐌 𝝏𝐍
= −𝟏𝟓𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒚𝟒 = −𝟏𝟓𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒚𝟒 ∴ 𝑬𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒂
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
Entrando por N:
𝝏𝐍
= 𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒚𝟒
𝝏𝒚
∫ 𝝏𝐍 = ∫ 𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒚𝟒 𝝏𝒚
𝒚𝟓
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒙)
𝟓
𝝏𝒇 −𝟏𝟓𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒚𝟓
= + 𝒈′(𝒙)
𝝏𝒙 𝟓
𝝏𝒇
= −𝟑𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒚𝟓 + 𝒈′(𝒙)
𝝏𝒙
Igualando a M:
𝒈′ (𝒙) = 𝒙𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙
𝒙𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙
𝒈(𝒙) = −
𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝒚𝟓 𝒙𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙
𝒆−𝟏𝟓𝒙 + − =𝒄
𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓
−𝟏𝟓𝒙
𝒚𝟓 𝒙 𝟏
𝒆 ( + − )=𝒄
𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝒚𝟓 𝒙 𝟏
+ − = 𝒄𝒆𝟏𝟓𝒙
𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓
3. 𝒙′ − 𝟑𝒙 = 𝒕𝒙𝟑
𝒅𝒙
𝑷. (𝒚) + 𝑷(𝟏) (𝒚)𝒙 = 𝑸(𝒚)𝒙𝒏
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
(𝟐) + (−𝟑)𝒙 = 𝒛𝟑
𝒅𝒚
(−𝟏/𝟐) −𝒖(−𝟑/𝟐) ′
′
𝒙=𝒖 𝒙 = 𝒖
𝟐
Sustituimos:
−𝒖(−𝟑/𝟐) ′ 𝟑
𝟏( 𝒖 ) − 𝟑(𝒖−𝟏/𝟐 ) = 𝒛(𝒖(−𝟏/𝟐) )
𝟐
−𝒖−𝟑/𝟐 ′
𝒖 − 𝟑𝒖−𝟏/𝟐 = 𝒛𝒖−𝟑/𝟐
𝟐
−𝒖−𝟑/𝟐 ′
[ 𝒖 − 𝟑𝒖−𝟏/𝟐 = 𝒛𝒖−𝟑/𝟐 ] [−𝟐𝒖−𝟑/𝟐 ]
𝟐
𝒖′ + 𝟔𝒖 = −𝟐𝒛
Donde 𝝁 = 𝒆𝒔𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝒖𝝁 = ∫ 𝒒𝝁𝒅𝒚
𝟔𝒚
𝒖𝒆 = ∫ (−𝟐𝒛)𝒆𝟔𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒆𝟔𝒚
𝒖𝒆𝟔𝒚 = −𝟐𝒛 ⋅
𝟔
−𝒛𝒆𝟔𝒚
𝒖𝒆𝟔𝒚 =
𝟑
−𝒛
𝒖=
𝟑
Pasamos a términos de x
Donde 𝒖 = 𝒙−𝟐
−𝒛 𝟑
(𝒙−𝟐 = )𝒙
𝟑
−𝒛𝒙𝟑
𝒙=
𝟑
𝒚′′ − 𝒚′ − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 − 𝒎 − 𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟐, 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏
𝒚𝒉 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆−𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒚𝒑 = 𝑨𝒙𝟑 + 𝑩𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫
𝒚′′
𝒑 = 𝟔𝑨𝒙 + 𝟐𝑩
𝟏 + 𝟑(𝟏)
−𝟑𝑨 − 𝟐𝑩 = 𝟏 → 𝑩 = − → 𝑩 = −𝟐
𝟐
𝟒 − 𝟔(𝟏) + 𝟐(−𝟐)
𝟔𝑨 − 𝟐𝑩 − 𝟐𝑪 = 𝟒 → 𝑪 = − →𝑪=𝟑
𝟐
𝑫 − 𝑪 − 𝟒𝑩 = 𝟏 → 𝑫 = 𝟏 + (𝟑) + 𝟒(−𝟐) → 𝑫 = −𝟒
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
2. 𝒚′′ − 𝒚′ − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝒚′′ − 𝒚′ − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 − 𝒎 − 𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟐, 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏
𝒚𝒉 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆−𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝒚𝒑 = (𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩)𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝒚′′
𝒑 = 𝟗𝑩𝒆
𝟑𝒙
+ 𝟗𝑨𝒙𝒆𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔𝑨𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝟓(𝟒)
𝟓𝑨 + 𝟒𝑩 = 𝟎 → 𝑩 = − → 𝑩 = −𝟓
𝟒
𝒚𝒑 = (𝟒𝒙 − 𝟓)𝒆𝟑𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝒚′′ − 𝟓𝒚′ + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 − 𝟓𝒎 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟓 ± √𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟒 𝟓 ± 𝟏
𝒎= =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟑, 𝒎𝟐 = 𝟐
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝟑𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒙
𝒚𝒑 = 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 + 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙
𝒚′′
𝒑 = −𝟒𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝟏 − 𝑩, 𝑨 = −𝟐𝟓 + 𝟓𝑩
𝟓
𝟏
𝟏 − 𝑩 = −𝟐𝟓 + 𝟓𝑩
𝟓
𝟐𝟔
𝑩 = 𝟐𝟔 → 𝑩 = 𝟓
𝟓
𝟐𝑩 + 𝟏𝟎𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐(𝟓) + 𝟏𝟎𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎 → 𝑨 = 𝟎
𝒚𝒑 = 𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝒚′′ + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟐𝒊, 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟐𝒊
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙
𝒚′′ 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒑 = 𝟐𝑨𝒆 + 𝟐𝑨𝒙𝒆 + 𝟐𝑨𝒙𝒆 + 𝑨𝒙 𝒆 + 𝑩𝒆 + 𝑩𝒆 + 𝑩𝒙𝒆 + 𝑪𝒆
𝒙
𝒚′′ 𝟐 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒑 = 𝑨𝒙 𝒆 + 𝟒𝑨𝒙𝒆 + 𝟐𝑨𝒆 + 𝑩𝒙𝒆 + 𝟐𝑩𝒆 + 𝑪𝒆
𝒙
𝟓𝑨 = 𝟓, 𝟒𝑨 + 𝟓𝑩 = 𝟒, 𝟐𝑨 + 𝟐𝑩 + 𝟓𝑪 = −𝟑
𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝑩 = 𝟎, 𝑪 = −𝟏
𝒚𝒑 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)𝒆𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝟏
𝒚′′ − 𝒚′ + 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝟒
𝟏
𝒎𝟐 − 𝒎 + =𝟎
𝟒
𝟏 ± √𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟏
𝒎= =
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒙
𝒚′′
𝒑 = −𝟐𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝑨𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝑩 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝟐𝑪 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝑪𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝑫 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝟒𝑨𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟐𝑪𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟐𝑨𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝟒𝑪𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝟔𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟒𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟒𝑪 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
− 𝟐𝑫 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟒𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝟐𝑩 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝟔𝑪 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝟒𝑫 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
= (−𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟐(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝟒𝑨 − 𝟐𝑪 = −𝟑, −𝟐𝑨 − 𝟒𝑪 = 𝟒
𝟔𝑨 + 𝟒𝑩 − 𝟒𝑪 − 𝟐𝑫 = 𝟒
−𝟒𝑨 − 𝟐𝑩 + 𝟔𝑪 − 𝟒𝑫 = 𝟐
𝑨 = 𝟎, 𝑩 = 𝟐, 𝑪 = 𝟏, 𝑫 = 𝟎
𝒚𝒑 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
6. 𝒚′′ + 𝒚′ = 𝟑
𝒚′′ + 𝒚′ = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎 = 𝟎
𝒎(𝒎 + 𝟏) = 𝟎
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆−𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑
𝒚𝒑 = 𝑨𝒙
𝒚′𝒑 = 𝑨
𝒚′′
𝒑 =𝟎
𝒚′′ + 𝒚′ = 𝟑
𝑨𝒙 + 𝑨 = 𝟑
𝑨=𝟑
Sustituyendo en 𝒚𝒑 :
𝒚𝒑 = 𝟑𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆−𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙
𝒚′′ + 𝟒𝒚′ + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 + 𝟒𝒎 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
−𝟒 ± √𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏𝟔
𝒎= = −𝟐
𝟐
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝒆−𝟐𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔
𝒚𝒑 = 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩
𝒚′𝒑 = 𝑨
𝒚′′
𝒑 =𝟎
𝒚′′ + 𝟒𝒚′ + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔
𝟎 + 𝟒𝑨 + 𝟒𝑨𝒙 + 𝟒𝑩 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔
𝟒𝑨 = 𝟐, 𝟒𝑨 + 𝟒𝑩 = 𝟔
𝟏
𝑨= , 𝑩=𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒙+𝟏
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝒆−𝟐𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟐
𝒚′′ − 𝒚′ − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 − 𝒎 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟏 ± √𝟏 + 𝟒𝟖 𝟏 ± 𝟕
𝒎= =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟒, 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟑
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝟒𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆−𝟑𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆𝟒𝒙
𝒚𝒑 = 𝑨𝒙𝒆𝟒𝒙
𝒚′′
𝒑 = 𝟒𝑨𝒆
𝟒𝒙
+ 𝟒𝑨𝒆𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔𝑨𝒙𝒆𝟒𝒙 = 𝟖𝑨𝒆𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔𝑨𝒙𝒆𝟒𝒙
𝟕𝑨𝒆𝟒𝒙 = 𝒆𝟒𝒙
𝟏
𝑨=
𝟕
Sustituyendo el valor en 𝒚𝒑 :
𝟏 𝟒𝒙
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒙𝒆
𝟕
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝟒𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆−𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙𝒆𝟒𝒙
𝟕
𝒚′′ + 𝟐𝟓𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒎 = ±𝟓𝒊
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒚𝒑 = 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝟐𝟒𝑨 = 𝟎, 𝟐𝟒𝑩 = 𝟔
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝟎, 𝑩=
𝟒
𝟏
𝒚𝒑 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝟒
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝟒
𝒚′′ − 𝟐𝒚′ + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 − 𝟐𝒎 + 𝟓 = 𝟎
𝟐 ± √𝟒 − 𝟐𝟎
𝒎= = 𝟏 ± 𝟐𝒊
𝟐
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
−𝟐(𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝑩 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)𝒆𝒙 − 𝟐((𝑩 − 𝑨) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + (𝑩 + 𝑨) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)𝒆𝒙 + 𝟓(𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
+ 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝒆𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝟑𝑩 = 𝟏, 𝟑𝑨 = 𝟎
𝟏
𝑨 = 𝟎, 𝑩=
𝟑
𝟏 𝒙
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒆 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝟑
11. 𝒚′′ − 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝒙
𝒎𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒎 = ±𝟏
𝒚𝒉 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆−𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝒙
+ (𝟔𝑨𝒙 + 𝟐𝑩)𝒆𝒙
𝒚′′ 𝟑 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙
𝒑 = (𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩𝒙 + 𝑪𝒙)𝒆 + 𝟐(𝟑𝑨𝒙 + 𝟐𝑩𝒙 + 𝑪)𝒆 + (𝟔𝑨𝒙 + 𝟐𝑩)𝒆
𝒙
(𝑨𝒙𝟑 + 𝑩𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝒙)𝒆𝒙 + 𝟐(𝟑𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝑩𝒙 + 𝑪)𝒆𝒙 + (𝟔𝑨𝒙 + 𝟐𝑩)𝒆𝒙 − (𝑨𝒙𝟑 + 𝑩𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝒙)𝒆𝒙
= 𝒙 𝟐 𝒆𝒙
𝟔𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝑩 + 𝟔𝑨 = 𝟎, 𝟐𝑪 + 𝟐𝑩 = 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑨= , 𝑩=− , 𝑪=
𝟔 𝟒 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒚𝒑 = ( 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙) 𝒆𝒙
𝟔 𝟒 𝟒
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒆−𝒙 + ( 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙) 𝒆𝒙
𝟔 𝟒 𝟒
𝒙𝟐 𝒚′′ − 𝒙𝒚′ + 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝜸′′ − 𝜸′ − 𝜸′ + 𝜸 = 𝟎
𝜸′′ − 𝟐𝜸′ + 𝜸 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 − 𝟐𝒎 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
(𝒎 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟏
𝒎𝟐 = 𝟏
𝜸𝒉 = 𝒕𝒆𝒕 + 𝒆𝒕
Ya que 𝒕 = 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙|, entonces:
𝒚𝒉 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒍𝒏𝒙𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝒚𝒉 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙
Para:
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖 𝟏 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒖 𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
Con:
𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙
Tenemos:
𝒚𝟏 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒙
𝒘 = |𝒚′ 𝒚′𝟐 | = |𝒍𝒏𝒙 − 𝟏 | = 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 − 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚𝟏 ∗ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒙 ∗ 𝟐𝒙
𝒖′𝟏 = − =− = −𝟐𝒙
𝒘 𝒙
𝒖𝟏 = −𝒙𝟐
𝒚𝟏 ∗ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 ∗ 𝟐𝒙
𝒖′𝟐 = = = 𝟐𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝒘 𝒙
𝟐
𝒙𝟐
𝒖𝟐 = 𝒙 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 −
𝟐
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + (𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 − ) 𝒙 = −𝒙𝟑 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑 𝒍𝒏𝒙 − =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝟑
𝒚𝒑 = −
𝟐
Entonces la solución es:
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝒙𝟑
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙 −
𝟐
2. 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝒚′′ − 𝟑𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟑𝒚 = √𝒙
𝟑
𝒚𝒉 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆𝟓𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝟑
𝒚𝒉 = 𝑪 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪 𝟐 𝒙 𝟓
Para:
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖 𝟏 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒖 𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
Con:
𝟑
𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙 𝟓
Tenemos:
𝟑
𝒚𝟏 𝒚𝟐 𝒙 𝒙𝟓 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝒘 = |𝒚′ ′|=|
𝒚𝟐 𝟑 −𝟐 | = 𝟓 𝒙𝟓 − 𝒙𝟓 = − 𝟓 𝒙𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟓
𝟓
𝟑
𝒚𝟏 ∗ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒙𝟓 ∗ √𝒙 𝟓 𝟏
𝒖′𝟏 = − =− = 𝒙𝟐
𝒘 𝟐 𝟑𝟓 𝟐
− 𝒙
𝟓
𝟑
𝒖𝟏 = 𝟒𝒙𝟓
𝒚𝟏 ∗ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒙 ∗ √𝒙 𝟗
𝒖′𝟐 = = 𝟑 = −𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎
𝒘 𝟐
− 𝒙𝟓
𝟓
𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟗
𝒖𝟐 = − 𝒙𝟏𝟎
𝟓
𝟓 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟕
𝒚𝒑 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐
𝟓
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝟑 𝟓 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟕
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙𝟓 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐
𝟓
𝜸′′ − 𝜸′ − 𝜸′ + 𝜸 = 𝟎
𝜸′′ − 𝟐𝜸′ + 𝜸 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 − 𝟐𝒎 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
(𝒎 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟏
𝒎𝟐 = 𝟏
𝜸𝒉 = 𝒕𝒆𝒕 + 𝒆𝒕
Ya que 𝒕 = 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙|, entonces:
𝒚𝒉 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒍𝒏𝒙𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝒚𝒉 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙
Para:
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖 𝟏 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒖 𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
Con:
𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙
Tenemos:
𝒚𝟏 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒙
𝒘 = |𝒚′ 𝒚′𝟐 | = |𝒍𝒏𝒙 − 𝟏 | = 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 − 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚𝟏 ∗ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒙 ∗ 𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝒖′𝟏 = − =− = −𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝒘 𝒙
𝒖𝟏 = 𝒙 − 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝒚𝟏 ∗ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 ∗ 𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝒖′𝟐 = = = 𝐥𝐧𝟐 𝒙
𝒘 𝒙
𝒖𝟐 = 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙
𝒚𝒑 = (𝒙 − 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙)𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + (𝒙𝒍𝒏𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙)𝒙
= 𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝒚𝒑 = −𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐
Entonces la solución es:
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐
5. 𝒙𝟐 𝒚′′ − 𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒙𝐥𝐧(𝒙)
𝒙𝟐 𝒚′′ − 𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
𝜸′′ − 𝟐𝜸′ + 𝟐𝜸 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 − 𝟐𝒎 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟐 ± √(−𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟏)(𝟐)
𝒎=
𝟐(𝟏)
𝟐 ± √−𝟒 𝟐 ± 𝟐𝒊
𝒎= =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒎=𝟏±𝒊
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟏 + 𝒊, 𝒎𝟐 = 𝟏 − 𝒊
𝜸(𝒕) = 𝒆𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 + 𝒆𝒕 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕
Ya que 𝒕 = 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙|, entonces:
𝒚𝒉 (𝒙) = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝐥𝐧 |𝒙| 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙| + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆𝐥𝐧 |𝒙| 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙|
𝒚𝒉 (𝒙) = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙| + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙|
Para el lado no homogéneo de la ecuación:
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒚𝟏 𝒖 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒖 𝟐
𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|
Para el Wronskiano:
𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|
𝑾=| |
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|
𝑾 = (𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)( 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) − ( 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)
𝑾 = 𝒙𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| + 𝒙𝐬𝐞𝐧𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| = 𝒙(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| + 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)
𝑾=𝒙 ∴ 𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.
𝒚𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒖′𝟏 = −
𝑾
𝐥𝐧|𝒙|
(𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) ( ) (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)
𝒙
𝒖′𝟏 = − =−
𝒙 𝒙
𝒖𝟏 = (𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙|
𝒚𝟏 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒖′𝟐 =
𝑾
𝐥𝐧|𝒙|
(𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) ( ) (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)
𝒙
𝒖′𝟐 = =
𝒙 𝒙
𝒖𝟐 = (𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|
𝒚𝒑 = (𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)((𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥 𝐧|𝒙|)
+ (𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)((𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒙(𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) − 𝒙(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|) + 𝒙(𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐬𝐞𝐧𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)
+ 𝒙(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧|𝒙|)
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙|
La solución de la ecuación diferencial:
𝒚 = 𝒚𝒉 + 𝒚𝒑
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙| + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙| + 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 |𝒙|
IV. Resuelve las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales homogéneas.
𝒎𝟑 + 𝟕𝒎𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒎 = 𝟎
𝒎(𝒎𝟐 + 𝟕𝒎 + 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟎
5. 𝒚(𝟒) + 𝒚′′ = 𝟎
𝒎𝟒 + 𝒎𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 (𝒎𝟐 + 𝟏) = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
Con:
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟑 = 𝒊
𝒎𝟒 = −𝒊
𝒂=𝟎
𝒃= 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆(𝟎)𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙𝒆(𝟎)𝒙 + 𝑪𝟑 𝒆(𝟎)𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑪𝟒 𝒆(𝟎)𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
Entonces la solución es:
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟑 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑪𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
6. 𝒚(𝟔) − 𝒚′′ = 𝟎
𝒎𝟔 − 𝒎𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 (𝒎 − 𝟏)(𝒎 + 𝟏)(𝒎𝟐 + 𝟏) = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 = 𝟎
(𝒎 − 𝟏) = 𝟎
(𝒎 + 𝟏) = 𝟎
(𝒎𝟐 + 𝟏) = 𝟎
Con:
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟏
𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏
𝒎𝟑 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟒 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟓 = −𝒊
𝒎𝟔 = 𝒊
𝒂=𝟎
𝒃= 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙𝒆−𝒙 + 𝑪𝟑 𝒆(𝟎)𝒙 + 𝑪𝟒 𝒙𝒆(𝟎)𝒙 + 𝑪𝟓 𝒆(𝟎)𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑪𝟔 𝒆(𝟎)𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
Entonces la solución es:
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙𝒆−𝒙 + 𝑪𝟑 + 𝑪𝟒 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟓 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝑪𝟔 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
7. 𝒚′′′ + 𝒚′′ − 𝟐𝒚 =0
𝒎𝟑 + 𝒎𝟐 − 𝟐 = 𝟎
Por división sintética:
1 1 0 -2
1 2 2
𝒎=𝟏 1 2 2 0
𝒎𝟐 + 𝟐𝒎 + 𝟐 = 𝟎